油菜植株形态结构模型及可视化
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摘要
虚拟作物是对作物在三维空间中的形态结构与生长过程的计算机仿真,是植物学家进行模拟研究的重要工具。它是计算机技术在农业中应用的一个方面,也是作物栽培、作物生理生态和作物育种研究的一个新方向。虚拟作物可促进人们对作物生长过程的理解和感知,为分析作物结构功能关系、设计理想株型以及调控生长模式等提供技术支撑。
本研究在综合国内外相关研究成果的基础上,以油菜为研究对象,基于2007—2008和2008-2009年不同品种和氮素水平试验,运用系统分析原理和数学建模技术,综合油菜各个器官形态生长过程与主要环境影响因子间的定量关系,构建了基于生长度日(GDD)的油菜主茎叶片、分枝叶片、主茎、分枝、花柄、花蕾和角果形态结构模型。应用面向对象编程设计技术,在Visual C++平台上引入OpenGL技术,构建了油菜花朵和角果的虚拟显示模型。主要研究结果如下：
1.建立了主要效应因子模型
运用数学建模方法,构建了温度、氮素等效应因子模型,该系列效应因子模型能较好解释和响应各因子对油菜器官形态生长动态的影响。
2.建立了油菜营养器官形态结构模型
根据2007—-2008年试验数据,以Logistic方程为基础,在考虑氮素影响的基础上,构建了以GDD为驱动变量的油莱主茎和分枝叶片长度、宽度、叶柄长度及主茎高度、粗度和分枝长度形态建成的动态模型。利用2008—-2009年试验资料对所建模型进行了检验,结果表明,油菜主茎叶片、分枝叶片、主茎和分枝各个器官形态结构模型的根均方差(RMSE)值分别为1.212cm (n=265)、0.791cm (n=265)、0.467cm (n=194)、0.307cm (n=60)、0.218cm (n=60)、4.234cm (n=87)、0.091cm (n=87)、2.811cm (n=60),油菜器官形态建成的模拟值与观测值具有较好的吻合度,说明模型具有较好的预测性和准确性。
3.建立了油菜生殖器官形态结构模型
在2007—-2008年试验的基础上,系统分析了温度、氮素对油菜花柄、花蕾和角果形态发生的影响,量化了温度、氮素与各器官形态建成的关系,构建了基于GDD和Logistic方程的花柄、花蕾和角果形态建成的动态模型。利用2008—2009年盆栽试验资料对所建模型进行了检验,结果表明,花柄、花蕾、主轴角果、一次分枝角果、二次分枝角果的长度和宽度的模拟值与观察值之间的RMSE值分别为0.167cm(n=60)、0.06cm (n=60).0.047cm (n=60)、0.012cm (n=60)、0.402cm (n=285)、0.033cm (n=285).0.449cm (n=285)、0.037cm (n=285)、0.464cm (n=285)、0.039cm(n=285)。说明花柄、花蕾和角果形态建成的模拟值与观测值具有较好的吻合度,所建模型具有较好的预测性和准确性。
4.建立了油菜花朵和角果虚拟显示模型
基于油菜花柄、花蕾和角果形态结构特征,利用OpenGL函数和二次曲面分别构建了油菜花柄、花蕾和角果的虚拟显示模型。在此基础上,结合油菜花朵的拓扑结构和角果的群体形态特征,实现了油菜花朵开放过程的动态模拟和角果群体的形态可视化。虚拟显示结果表明：真实感基本达到要求。
Virtual crop is a technology for the computer simulation of crop morphological structure and process of growth in 3D space, which has been into an important tool for botanist to study. It is one aspect of the computer technology applications in agriculture, and also a new method in crop cultivation, crop physiology and ecology, and crop breeding. Virtual crop can promote people's understanding and perception for the process in crop growth, which can provide technical support for analyzing of the relationship between structure and function of crops, designing ideotype, and controlling and regulating the growth mode.
In this research, based on domestic and overseas relative studies and pot experiments of different varieties and nitrogen levels in 2007 to 2008 and 2008 to 2009,the morphological structural model of main stem leaves.branch leaves.main stem.branch,flower stalk,flower bud, and silique were constructed based on growth degree day(GDD) by using the system analysis method and mathematical modeling technique.and integrating the quantificational connection of every organ's morphologic growth and the major influencing factors of environment.And then the virtual display models of rapeseed flower and silique based on morphological structural models were developed on the plantform of Visual C++ by introducing the OpenGL and using object-oriented program design.The results were as follow:
1. Models of the major effective factors
The temperature,nitrogen effective models were constructed using mathematical modeling method.The morphologic dynamic development of every organs of rapeseed influenced by environment factors can be explained and reflected better by a series of effect factor models in practice.
2. The morphological structural models of vegetative organs were constructed According to the data in 2007 to 2008,based on the logistic equation and the influence of Nitrogen,the morphological structural models or organs such as main stem leaves,branch leaves,main stem and branch of rapeseed were constructed whose drive variable is GDD.The models were validated by using data in 2008 to 2009,the result showed that the value of RMSE of morphological structural models of the length, width and petiole length of main stem leaf,the length and width of branch leaf,the height and width of main stem and the length branch were 1.212cm (n=265),0.791cm (n=265),0.467cm (n=194);0.307cm (n=60),0.218cm(n=60),4.234cm(n=87,0.091cm(n=87),2.811cm(n=60) respectively, which showed that the simulated value of rapeseed's main stem leaf,branch leaf,main stem and branch morphological structural models and the observed value were fitted better, the simulation of rapeseed organ's morphological structural model was accurate, and the prediction were better.
3. The morphological structural models of reproductive organs were constructed
Bsed on the data in 2007 to 2008, the morphological structural model of flower stalk,flower bud and silique were constructed based on GDD and logistic equation by using the system analysis method and mathematical modeling technique,and integrating the quantificational connection of every organ's morphologic growth and the temperature and nitrogen. The models were validated by using data in 2008 to 2009,the result showed that the value of RMSE of morphological structural models of the length and width of flower stalk,flower bud,silique of main stem,first branch and secondry branch were 0.167cm (n=60),0.06cm (n=60),0.047cm (n=60),0.012cm (n=60),0.402cm (n=285),0.033cm (n=285),0.449cm (n=285),0.037cm (n=285),0.464cm (n=285),0.039cm (n=285) respectively, which showed that the simulated value of rapeseed's flower stalk, flower bud and silique of main stem.first branch.secondry branch morphological structural models and the observed value were fitted better, the simulation of rapeseed organ's morphological structural model was accurate, and the prediction were better.
4. The virtual display models of rapeseed flower and silique were constructed
Based on the morphological character of rapeseed flower and silique,the virtual display model of flower and silique were constructed using OpenGL functions and quadric surface.Further more,It fulfilled the dynamic simulation of the bloom of rape flowers and the visualization of silique population with the topological structure of rape flower and the morphological character of silique population. KEY WORDS：rapeseed; effective factors; morphological structural models; virtual display models; GDD; OpenGL
本研究在综合国内外相关研究成果的基础上,以油菜为研究对象,基于2007—2008和2008-2009年不同品种和氮素水平试验,运用系统分析原理和数学建模技术,综合油菜各个器官形态生长过程与主要环境影响因子间的定量关系,构建了基于生长度日(GDD)的油菜主茎叶片、分枝叶片、主茎、分枝、花柄、花蕾和角果形态结构模型。应用面向对象编程设计技术,在Visual C++平台上引入OpenGL技术,构建了油菜花朵和角果的虚拟显示模型。主要研究结果如下：
1.建立了主要效应因子模型
运用数学建模方法,构建了温度、氮素等效应因子模型,该系列效应因子模型能较好解释和响应各因子对油菜器官形态生长动态的影响。
2.建立了油菜营养器官形态结构模型
根据2007—-2008年试验数据,以Logistic方程为基础,在考虑氮素影响的基础上,构建了以GDD为驱动变量的油莱主茎和分枝叶片长度、宽度、叶柄长度及主茎高度、粗度和分枝长度形态建成的动态模型。利用2008—-2009年试验资料对所建模型进行了检验,结果表明,油菜主茎叶片、分枝叶片、主茎和分枝各个器官形态结构模型的根均方差(RMSE)值分别为1.212cm (n=265)、0.791cm (n=265)、0.467cm (n=194)、0.307cm (n=60)、0.218cm (n=60)、4.234cm (n=87)、0.091cm (n=87)、2.811cm (n=60),油菜器官形态建成的模拟值与观测值具有较好的吻合度,说明模型具有较好的预测性和准确性。
3.建立了油菜生殖器官形态结构模型
在2007—-2008年试验的基础上,系统分析了温度、氮素对油菜花柄、花蕾和角果形态发生的影响,量化了温度、氮素与各器官形态建成的关系,构建了基于GDD和Logistic方程的花柄、花蕾和角果形态建成的动态模型。利用2008—2009年盆栽试验资料对所建模型进行了检验,结果表明,花柄、花蕾、主轴角果、一次分枝角果、二次分枝角果的长度和宽度的模拟值与观察值之间的RMSE值分别为0.167cm(n=60)、0.06cm (n=60).0.047cm (n=60)、0.012cm (n=60)、0.402cm (n=285)、0.033cm (n=285).0.449cm (n=285)、0.037cm (n=285)、0.464cm (n=285)、0.039cm(n=285)。说明花柄、花蕾和角果形态建成的模拟值与观测值具有较好的吻合度,所建模型具有较好的预测性和准确性。
4.建立了油菜花朵和角果虚拟显示模型
基于油菜花柄、花蕾和角果形态结构特征,利用OpenGL函数和二次曲面分别构建了油菜花柄、花蕾和角果的虚拟显示模型。在此基础上,结合油菜花朵的拓扑结构和角果的群体形态特征,实现了油菜花朵开放过程的动态模拟和角果群体的形态可视化。虚拟显示结果表明：真实感基本达到要求。
Virtual crop is a technology for the computer simulation of crop morphological structure and process of growth in 3D space, which has been into an important tool for botanist to study. It is one aspect of the computer technology applications in agriculture, and also a new method in crop cultivation, crop physiology and ecology, and crop breeding. Virtual crop can promote people's understanding and perception for the process in crop growth, which can provide technical support for analyzing of the relationship between structure and function of crops, designing ideotype, and controlling and regulating the growth mode.
In this research, based on domestic and overseas relative studies and pot experiments of different varieties and nitrogen levels in 2007 to 2008 and 2008 to 2009,the morphological structural model of main stem leaves.branch leaves.main stem.branch,flower stalk,flower bud, and silique were constructed based on growth degree day(GDD) by using the system analysis method and mathematical modeling technique.and integrating the quantificational connection of every organ's morphologic growth and the major influencing factors of environment.And then the virtual display models of rapeseed flower and silique based on morphological structural models were developed on the plantform of Visual C++ by introducing the OpenGL and using object-oriented program design.The results were as follow:
1. Models of the major effective factors
The temperature,nitrogen effective models were constructed using mathematical modeling method.The morphologic dynamic development of every organs of rapeseed influenced by environment factors can be explained and reflected better by a series of effect factor models in practice.
2. The morphological structural models of vegetative organs were constructed According to the data in 2007 to 2008,based on the logistic equation and the influence of Nitrogen,the morphological structural models or organs such as main stem leaves,branch leaves,main stem and branch of rapeseed were constructed whose drive variable is GDD.The models were validated by using data in 2008 to 2009,the result showed that the value of RMSE of morphological structural models of the length, width and petiole length of main stem leaf,the length and width of branch leaf,the height and width of main stem and the length branch were 1.212cm (n=265),0.791cm (n=265),0.467cm (n=194);0.307cm (n=60),0.218cm(n=60),4.234cm(n=87,0.091cm(n=87),2.811cm(n=60) respectively, which showed that the simulated value of rapeseed's main stem leaf,branch leaf,main stem and branch morphological structural models and the observed value were fitted better, the simulation of rapeseed organ's morphological structural model was accurate, and the prediction were better.
3. The morphological structural models of reproductive organs were constructed
Bsed on the data in 2007 to 2008, the morphological structural model of flower stalk,flower bud and silique were constructed based on GDD and logistic equation by using the system analysis method and mathematical modeling technique,and integrating the quantificational connection of every organ's morphologic growth and the temperature and nitrogen. The models were validated by using data in 2008 to 2009,the result showed that the value of RMSE of morphological structural models of the length and width of flower stalk,flower bud,silique of main stem,first branch and secondry branch were 0.167cm (n=60),0.06cm (n=60),0.047cm (n=60),0.012cm (n=60),0.402cm (n=285),0.033cm (n=285),0.449cm (n=285),0.037cm (n=285),0.464cm (n=285),0.039cm (n=285) respectively, which showed that the simulated value of rapeseed's flower stalk, flower bud and silique of main stem.first branch.secondry branch morphological structural models and the observed value were fitted better, the simulation of rapeseed organ's morphological structural model was accurate, and the prediction were better.
4. The virtual display models of rapeseed flower and silique were constructed
Based on the morphological character of rapeseed flower and silique,the virtual display model of flower and silique were constructed using OpenGL functions and quadric surface.Further more,It fulfilled the dynamic simulation of the bloom of rape flowers and the visualization of silique population with the topological structure of rape flower and the morphological character of silique population. KEY WORDS：rapeseed; effective factors; morphological structural models; virtual display models; GDD; OpenGL
引文
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