东昆仑花石峡北部地区下三叠统下大武组岩石学特征及其大地构造意义
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摘要
本文通过野外系统的1/1000大比例尺剖面实测和室内工作,研究东昆仑花石峡北部地区下大武组火山-沉积地层的年代、岩石学特征、以及该区大地构造意义,取得如下认识：
(1)首次在下大武组地层中发现了菊石和双壳动物群化石,根据生物地层研究确定地层时代为早三叠世中期,提高了下大武组年代地层精度。
(2)通过野外观察结合室内薄片分析,在下大武组识别出8种岩性,分别为熔结凝灰岩、凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩、凝灰质泥岩、凝灰质粉砂岩、凝灰质泥晶灰岩、长石砂岩和泥岩,在此基础上将下大武组火山碎屑岩共划分13个大的火山-沉积旋回,每个旋回内部又划分若干个亚旋回,体现了火山活动的频繁性。
(3)通过对下大武组火山碎屑岩以及双壳、菊石类动物群化石的综合研究认为,花石峡北部地区下大武组火山碎屑岩可能形成于挤压背景下的岛弧环境,该区在早中三叠世时仍为深海沉积,是古特提斯巴颜喀拉残留洋洋壳继续向北发生B式俯冲的火山沉积记录,为巴颜喀拉残留洋的存在提供了新的证据。
In this thesis,1/1000scale is used systematically for measuring sections in the field work and indoor work to study the age of Xiadawu Formation, petrological characteristics and tectonic significance in northern part of Huashixia area, eastern Kunlun. The conclusions are listed as follows:
(1) Ammonite and bivalve fossils are firstly reported in Xiadawu Formation which are suggested to form in early Triassic medium-term by the analysis of their biostratigraphy. This work enhances the accuracy of the stratigraphy of Xiadawu Formation.
(2) Combined with field observations and analysis of rock slice,8types of lithology of Xiadawu Formation are divided, including of ignimbrite, tuff, tuffite, tuffaceous mudstone, tuffaceous siltstone, tuffaceous limestone, arkosic sandstone and mudstone. On base of these analysis,13volcano-sedimentary cycles of volcaniclastic rocks of Xiadawu Formation are divided and each cycle is divided into several sub-cycles, which shows the frequent volcanic activity.
(3) According to the synthetic study of volcaniclastic rocks, ammonite and bivalve fossils, the conclusion is that these volcaniclastic rocks maybe formed in the calc-alkaline island arc volcanic in the extrusion background. In the early and middle Triassic, this area was deep-sea sedimentary environment. There is a volcanic sedimentary record that the oceanic crust of Bayan Har remnant ocean in Paleo-Tethys was the northward occurrence of B-type subduction and it also provided a new evidence for the existence of the the Bayan Har remnant ocean.
(1)首次在下大武组地层中发现了菊石和双壳动物群化石,根据生物地层研究确定地层时代为早三叠世中期,提高了下大武组年代地层精度。
(2)通过野外观察结合室内薄片分析,在下大武组识别出8种岩性,分别为熔结凝灰岩、凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩、凝灰质泥岩、凝灰质粉砂岩、凝灰质泥晶灰岩、长石砂岩和泥岩,在此基础上将下大武组火山碎屑岩共划分13个大的火山-沉积旋回,每个旋回内部又划分若干个亚旋回,体现了火山活动的频繁性。
(3)通过对下大武组火山碎屑岩以及双壳、菊石类动物群化石的综合研究认为,花石峡北部地区下大武组火山碎屑岩可能形成于挤压背景下的岛弧环境,该区在早中三叠世时仍为深海沉积,是古特提斯巴颜喀拉残留洋洋壳继续向北发生B式俯冲的火山沉积记录,为巴颜喀拉残留洋的存在提供了新的证据。
In this thesis,1/1000scale is used systematically for measuring sections in the field work and indoor work to study the age of Xiadawu Formation, petrological characteristics and tectonic significance in northern part of Huashixia area, eastern Kunlun. The conclusions are listed as follows:
(1) Ammonite and bivalve fossils are firstly reported in Xiadawu Formation which are suggested to form in early Triassic medium-term by the analysis of their biostratigraphy. This work enhances the accuracy of the stratigraphy of Xiadawu Formation.
(2) Combined with field observations and analysis of rock slice,8types of lithology of Xiadawu Formation are divided, including of ignimbrite, tuff, tuffite, tuffaceous mudstone, tuffaceous siltstone, tuffaceous limestone, arkosic sandstone and mudstone. On base of these analysis,13volcano-sedimentary cycles of volcaniclastic rocks of Xiadawu Formation are divided and each cycle is divided into several sub-cycles, which shows the frequent volcanic activity.
(3) According to the synthetic study of volcaniclastic rocks, ammonite and bivalve fossils, the conclusion is that these volcaniclastic rocks maybe formed in the calc-alkaline island arc volcanic in the extrusion background. In the early and middle Triassic, this area was deep-sea sedimentary environment. There is a volcanic sedimentary record that the oceanic crust of Bayan Har remnant ocean in Paleo-Tethys was the northward occurrence of B-type subduction and it also provided a new evidence for the existence of the the Bayan Har remnant ocean.
引文
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②《兴海幅》1：25万区域地质调查报告,青海地质调查研究院,2000
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[19]Vincent, P. Volcanoe:from magmas to tephra and epivolcaniclastics.Volcanniclastic Roks.from Magmas to Sediments. Gordon and Brech Science Publishers, Amsterdam, 2000, 1-33
[20]Wilson. Igneous petrogenesis, London: Unwin Hyman, 1989
[21]Wllite, J.D.L., Houghton, B.F., Primary voleaniclastic rocks.Geology, 2006.34: 677-680
[22]Zindler A.and Hart S.Chemical geodynamics. Ann.Rev.of Earth and Plane.Sci,1986, 14: 493-571
[23]白志达,徐德斌,张秉良,张熹卜景.龙岗火山群第四纪爆破式火山作用类型与期次研究.岩石学报,2006,22(6)：1473-1480
[24]常丽华,曹林,高福红.火成岩鉴定手册.北京：地质出版社,2009
[25]程日辉,刘万沭,王璞,侯景涛,姜雪,李飞.松辽盆地东缘下白至统营城组二段火山碎屑沉积的过程、相和结构.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2007,37(6)：6611-5711
[26]杜杨松.火山碎屑涌浪堆积的特征、鉴别标志及其地质意义.中国科学B辑,1989,12：1294-1300
[27]郭正府,邓晋福,许志琴,莫宣学,罗照华.青藏东昆仑晚古生代末-中生代中酸性火成岩与陆内造山过程.现代地质,1998,12(3)：344-352
[28]啦六祥,欧阳舒.青海中东布青山群孢粉组合及其时代.古生物学报，1996,35(1)： 1-25
[29]姜春发.中央造山带几个重要地质问题及其研究进展.地质通报,2002,21(8)：453-455
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