中国近海部分典型海域磷的生物地球化学研究
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摘要
磷是海洋生物赖以生存的基础营养盐之一,它的分布及含量直接影响着海区初级生产力及浮游植物的种类、数量和分布。目前我国的研究大多数侧重水体中溶解态磷的含量和分布,对水体中颗粒态磷的研究相对较少,对总磷的外部补充机制和内部循环机制等方面的研究还有待深入。本文于2002年9月和2003年9月对中国近海有代表性的陆架区一东、黄海的6个断面、60个站位进行了2次大面调查,同时在6个代表性站位做了连续观测;于2002年8月-2003年5月对我国近海有代表性的河口区—长江口的7个断面28个站位进行了4次大面调查;于2001年8月-2003年5月对我国近海有代表性海湾—胶州湾的15个站位进行了7次大面调查,同时在2个站位做了连续观测。本论文拟在了解调查海域水体中各形态磷(溶解态无机磷(DIP)、溶解态有机磷(DOP)、颗粒态无机磷(PIP)和颗粒态有机磷(POP))的分布的同时,讨论影响各形态磷分布的因素并应用配分系数研究河口区磷在不同形态中的配分。利用本论文调查的结果和已发表的结果,讨论河流输送、大气沉降、沉积物—水界面交换以及外海交换等过程对调查海域中总磷的贡献,同时探讨生物活动在总磷内部循环中发挥的作用,从而建立较为完整的总磷收支模型。本论文的主要研究成果如下:
东、黄海在各种水系的共同影响下(包括长江冲淡水、台湾暖流、黑潮水、黄海冷水团、对马暖流和沿岸流等),各形态磷在不同断面呈现出不同的分布特征。长江冲淡水是东、黄海各断面PIP和POP的最主要来源,因此在各断面PIP和POP浓度随离岸距离的增加迅速降低。长江冲淡水是各断面表层水体中DIP的主要来源,而黑潮中层水、台湾暖流和黄海冷水团分别是PN断面、B断面和A断面、YT断面底层DIP的主要来源,它们的贡献远远高于长江冲淡水。生物量是影响DOP浓度的主要因素,在舟山渔场附近,DOP浓度较高;在不同水团的交汇处,水体垂直对流作用增强,往往也是DOP浓度的高值区。
潮汐是影响各形态磷分布的一个重要因素,在E1、E2、E3和E5站,由于外海水的稀释作用,使得DIP与潮位的变化趋势相反;而对于PIP和POP,由于高潮时底层再悬浮作用增强,使得PIP和POP与潮位有相同的变化趋势,且水深越浅这种趋势越明显。E4站位于长江口,2002年9月调查期间,PIP和POP
Phosphorus is often the limiting nutrient for algal growth and may limit marine productivity. At present, most studies are focused on dissolved phosphorus concentrations and distributions in our country, and little is known about the suspended paniculate phosphorus and the phosphorus dynamics. In the present dissertation, distributions, partitioning and budget of different forms of phosphorus in the coastal waters of China, i.e. the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, the Changjiang River Estuaries and the Jiaozhou Bay, are studied detailedly. The main research work is as follows:The different forms of phosphorus are determined during two surveys on the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in September 2002 and September 2003, respectively. The results show that the distributions of different forms of phosphorus are influenced by Changjiang River diluted water, Kuroshio, Taiwan Warm Current, and Yellow Sea Cold Water, hence the distributions of different forms of phosphorus along different sections are quite variable. The Changjiang River diluted water is the major source of PIP and POP, hence the concentrations of PIP and POP illustrate decrease onshore to offshore, and the sediment brought by Changjiang River has almost deposited in the west of 123° E. The distribution of DIP in the bottom water of section PN, section B and section A and YT are influenced by the Kuroshio Intermediate Water, Taiwan Warm Current and Yellow Sea Cold Water, respectively. At the junction of different water column, the vertical exchange and upwelling there brought amount of nutrients for phytoplankton reproduction, hence the concentrations of DOP are relatively high there.The influence of tide to distribution of phosphorus can be observed at station El,
E2, E3 and E5. The concentrations of DIP are maximum at the ebb and are minimum at the flood, the concentrations of PIP and POP are maximum at the flood and are minimum at the ebb. At E4 station, the PIP and POP were governed by settling/resuspension induced by the cyclic changes of tidal currents in September, 2002, and were controlled by dilution of outer water in September, 2003.The Kuroshio Water is the most major source of DIP to the East China Sea, which accounts for 73% of the total DIP source. The Kuroshio Water and Yellow Sea contribute about 41% of total DOP source to the East China Sea, respectively. The Yellow Sea contribute 39% of total PP source. The Shelf Surface Water is the most major sink of phosphorus, almost in dissolved form. In the East China Sea, about 69.6 + 31.9X 109 mol of phosphorus are assimilated by plankton annually, in which about 88% of the phosphorus assimilated by plankton is recycled in the water column.The different forms of phosphorus are determined during four surveys on the Changjiang River Estuaries and its adjacent areas in October and November 2002 and February and May 2003, respectively. The results show that the Changjiang River diluted water is the major source of DIP, PIP and POP, hence high concentrations of DIP, PIP and POP are observed at the Changjiang River Estuaries. The DOP has highest concentration at (123 ° E, 30.5 ° N), which was consistent with the distribution of diatom cell density. In the coastal area(west of 122.5° E), PP are the dominate form of phosphorus.The solid-solution partitioning of phosphorus can be quantified using the conditional distribution coefficient, Kd. The Lg (Kd) has highest value in Spring, followed by Summer, Autumn and Winter. The DIP brought by the Changjiang River are almost depleted, reach 89%~97%.The Changjiang is the major source of phosphorus to the East China Sea. In the Changjiang River Estuaries and its adjacent areas, about 33.9+17.9 k ton of phosphorus are assimilated by plankton annually, in which about 70.2% of the phosphorus assimilated by plankton is recycled in the water column.The different forms of phosphorus are determined during seven surveys in the Jiaozhou Bay from October 2001 to May 2003. The results show that the
concentrations of different forms of phosphorus decreased seaward expect DOP, which had the peak value in the central. The contribution of PP to TP in the west part of Jiaozhou Bay is 1.5-2.4 folds higher than that the east part of the Jiaozhou Bay. During a tidal cycle, PIP and POP were significantly cyclic between flood and ebb governed by settling/resuspension induced by the tidal currents. There were obviously seasonal variation for different forms of phosphorus, and DIP, DOP and POP was well correlated with the biomass of phytoplankton. The DIP depletion percent values are calculated for five major rivers, which empting into the Jiaozhou Bay. The riverine DIP concentration is the key factor controlling the percent of estuarine DIP depletion. The rivers are the major source of phosphorus to the Jiaozhou Bay, contribute about 62% of total phosphorus source. In the Jiaozhou Bay, about 961.0 + 98 ton of phosphorus are assimilated by plankton annually, in which about 95% of the phosphorus assimilated by plankton is recycled in the water column.
东、黄海在各种水系的共同影响下(包括长江冲淡水、台湾暖流、黑潮水、黄海冷水团、对马暖流和沿岸流等),各形态磷在不同断面呈现出不同的分布特征。长江冲淡水是东、黄海各断面PIP和POP的最主要来源,因此在各断面PIP和POP浓度随离岸距离的增加迅速降低。长江冲淡水是各断面表层水体中DIP的主要来源,而黑潮中层水、台湾暖流和黄海冷水团分别是PN断面、B断面和A断面、YT断面底层DIP的主要来源,它们的贡献远远高于长江冲淡水。生物量是影响DOP浓度的主要因素,在舟山渔场附近,DOP浓度较高;在不同水团的交汇处,水体垂直对流作用增强,往往也是DOP浓度的高值区。
潮汐是影响各形态磷分布的一个重要因素,在E1、E2、E3和E5站,由于外海水的稀释作用,使得DIP与潮位的变化趋势相反;而对于PIP和POP,由于高潮时底层再悬浮作用增强,使得PIP和POP与潮位有相同的变化趋势,且水深越浅这种趋势越明显。E4站位于长江口,2002年9月调查期间,PIP和POP
Phosphorus is often the limiting nutrient for algal growth and may limit marine productivity. At present, most studies are focused on dissolved phosphorus concentrations and distributions in our country, and little is known about the suspended paniculate phosphorus and the phosphorus dynamics. In the present dissertation, distributions, partitioning and budget of different forms of phosphorus in the coastal waters of China, i.e. the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, the Changjiang River Estuaries and the Jiaozhou Bay, are studied detailedly. The main research work is as follows:The different forms of phosphorus are determined during two surveys on the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in September 2002 and September 2003, respectively. The results show that the distributions of different forms of phosphorus are influenced by Changjiang River diluted water, Kuroshio, Taiwan Warm Current, and Yellow Sea Cold Water, hence the distributions of different forms of phosphorus along different sections are quite variable. The Changjiang River diluted water is the major source of PIP and POP, hence the concentrations of PIP and POP illustrate decrease onshore to offshore, and the sediment brought by Changjiang River has almost deposited in the west of 123° E. The distribution of DIP in the bottom water of section PN, section B and section A and YT are influenced by the Kuroshio Intermediate Water, Taiwan Warm Current and Yellow Sea Cold Water, respectively. At the junction of different water column, the vertical exchange and upwelling there brought amount of nutrients for phytoplankton reproduction, hence the concentrations of DOP are relatively high there.The influence of tide to distribution of phosphorus can be observed at station El,
E2, E3 and E5. The concentrations of DIP are maximum at the ebb and are minimum at the flood, the concentrations of PIP and POP are maximum at the flood and are minimum at the ebb. At E4 station, the PIP and POP were governed by settling/resuspension induced by the cyclic changes of tidal currents in September, 2002, and were controlled by dilution of outer water in September, 2003.The Kuroshio Water is the most major source of DIP to the East China Sea, which accounts for 73% of the total DIP source. The Kuroshio Water and Yellow Sea contribute about 41% of total DOP source to the East China Sea, respectively. The Yellow Sea contribute 39% of total PP source. The Shelf Surface Water is the most major sink of phosphorus, almost in dissolved form. In the East China Sea, about 69.6 + 31.9X 109 mol of phosphorus are assimilated by plankton annually, in which about 88% of the phosphorus assimilated by plankton is recycled in the water column.The different forms of phosphorus are determined during four surveys on the Changjiang River Estuaries and its adjacent areas in October and November 2002 and February and May 2003, respectively. The results show that the Changjiang River diluted water is the major source of DIP, PIP and POP, hence high concentrations of DIP, PIP and POP are observed at the Changjiang River Estuaries. The DOP has highest concentration at (123 ° E, 30.5 ° N), which was consistent with the distribution of diatom cell density. In the coastal area(west of 122.5° E), PP are the dominate form of phosphorus.The solid-solution partitioning of phosphorus can be quantified using the conditional distribution coefficient, Kd. The Lg (Kd) has highest value in Spring, followed by Summer, Autumn and Winter. The DIP brought by the Changjiang River are almost depleted, reach 89%~97%.The Changjiang is the major source of phosphorus to the East China Sea. In the Changjiang River Estuaries and its adjacent areas, about 33.9+17.9 k ton of phosphorus are assimilated by plankton annually, in which about 70.2% of the phosphorus assimilated by plankton is recycled in the water column.The different forms of phosphorus are determined during seven surveys in the Jiaozhou Bay from October 2001 to May 2003. The results show that the
concentrations of different forms of phosphorus decreased seaward expect DOP, which had the peak value in the central. The contribution of PP to TP in the west part of Jiaozhou Bay is 1.5-2.4 folds higher than that the east part of the Jiaozhou Bay. During a tidal cycle, PIP and POP were significantly cyclic between flood and ebb governed by settling/resuspension induced by the tidal currents. There were obviously seasonal variation for different forms of phosphorus, and DIP, DOP and POP was well correlated with the biomass of phytoplankton. The DIP depletion percent values are calculated for five major rivers, which empting into the Jiaozhou Bay. The riverine DIP concentration is the key factor controlling the percent of estuarine DIP depletion. The rivers are the major source of phosphorus to the Jiaozhou Bay, contribute about 62% of total phosphorus source. In the Jiaozhou Bay, about 961.0 + 98 ton of phosphorus are assimilated by plankton annually, in which about 95% of the phosphorus assimilated by plankton is recycled in the water column.
引文
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