三-（苯并咪唑-2-甲基）胺（NTB）的d区过渡金属配合物的控制合成、结构及性质研究
|
摘要
含氮杂环(吡唑、咪唑和吡嗪等)的多齿配体在模拟生物分子中的具有特殊的重要性，更为重要的是，它们在与金属离子配位时，显示出极其丰富的配位模式，从而可以构筑出结构新颖和在分子结构工程学上具有重要意义的配位化合物。
基于此，本论文选择了三-(苯并咪唑-2-甲基)胺(NTB)为主要配体，并从其出发，合成了十二个单核和多核的新配合物。本论文工作将着重探讨了不同的反应条件对配合物形成的影响。例如：pH值对配体的存在形式和其配位特征的影响；温度、配体的质子化程度、第二配体的不同和阴离子以及溶剂等对配合物结构方面的影响；通过这些实验，我们成功地得到了从单核到二核乃至多核聚合物。金属配合聚合物的结构显示了从零维、一维到二维的合成设计思路。同时，也通过实际例子说明了分子自组装的原理。这些配合物在结构上体现了如下创新性：
1、打破了迄今尚没有去质子NTB作为配合物配体的现状。
2、首次实现了NTB配位作为配位聚合物结构单元。
下面，我们将按照论文的章节介绍本论文的主要工作。
第一章概述了配合物的分类情况，影响配合物结构的主要因素以及配合物的潜在应用等。其中，着重介绍了三-(苯并咪唑-2-甲基)胺的配合物在生物模拟方面的意义及其配合物合成方面所获得的进展。在此基础上，我们说明了本课题的选题意义。
第二章主要介绍了由配体NTB与二价Ni~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和Cd~(2+)在溶剂热或常规条件下反应得到的七个新型单核配合物。在这些化合物中，NTB配体均采取了κ~4-N,N,N．N配位。但是，由于金属离子的电子组态和所采取的杂化方式不同，呈现了三角双锥或四方锥五配位或者变形八面体的六配位。在晶体堆积中，由于分子间的相互作用的差异，分子或以分离的单分子或以超分子作用联系的双分子形式出现。特别是通过比较Cu~(2+)离子的配合物[Cu(H_3L)(SO_4)]·H_2O(4)，[Cu(H_3L)Cl]Cl(5)的键长和键角我们可以发现：阴离子对配合物的结构有明显的影响。此外，配合物[Cd(H_3L)(SO_4)](6)和{[Cd(H_3L)(SO_4)(H_2O)][Cd(H_3L)(SO_4)])(7)是在不同溶剂配比下得到的。但是，它们分别呈现了Cd~(2+)的五和六配位。从而，说明了溶剂的构成对配合物的形成也有影响。
在第三章，我们主要介绍了一些二核，三核，乃至多核的配位聚合物的合成及其结构。使配合物在前章介绍的单核配合物的基础得以延伸的主要方法是：通过加入连接性的第二配体，如多羧酸，氰根和硫酸根。目的是通过第二配体的桥连作用，使配合物得到发展，从而形成多核配合物。另一方法是加氨水调节pH值，使NTB配体质子化。使之从纯粹的螯合配体转变为桥连配体，使配合物结构得到延伸。这些方法在结构晶体学上具有一般意义。也体现了配位化合物合成的不完全可控性。这些配合物包括了[Zn_2(H_3L)_2(m-BDA)]SO_4(8)，[Cd_4(H_2L)_2(SO_4)_3]_n(9)，[Cu_4(H_2L)(H_3L)(SO_4)_3]_n (10)，[(CuCN)_3(H_3L)]_n(11)和[Cu_7(CN)_3(HL)_2]_n(12)。其中，(8)是通过间苯二甲酸将两个单核单元桥联在一起形成的二核配合物，(9)和(10)是以硫酸根桥基形成的二维配位聚合物。值得注意的是在10当中，去质子的H_2L~-也起到了桥基的作用。(11)、(12)为氰根和H_2L~-和HL~(2-)桥联得到配位聚合物。其结构也是二维网络。从去质子化的NTB配体的桥连功能可见，可以通过改变溶液的pH值来调控配合物的结构。
第四章对全文工作进行了总结，概括了如何以NTB为主配体，通过控制实验条件使配合物的结构从简单到复杂，从零维到多维的基本思路。
Polydentate ligands, containing N-heterocyclics (such as pyrazole, imidazole, and pyrazine, etc.), show a special importance in mimic of biomolecule. More than that, the ligands, when coordinate to metal ions, present a wide variety of coordination modes, so allowing the isolation of a large number of coordination compounds, which are structurally interesting to crystal engineering.
In light of the virtues of such ligands, we chosed tris(benzimidazole-2-methyl)amine (NTB) as primary ligand in this synthetic effort, based on which we obtained 12 mono and polynuclear complexes. The work intends to mainly discuss the effects of different reaction conditions on the formation of complexes, for examples, the effect of pH on occurrence and dentation of NTB and the effect of temperature, deprotonation of ligand, difference in second ligands, and presence of anion and solvents on structures of complexes. The complexes obtained are as mono-, or di- or polynuclear, whose structures show the strategic schemes to fabricate the 0D, 1D and 2D metal coordination polymers and so reify the self-assembly of molecular blocks. The originality, shown by these complexes, includes that
1、they demonstrated, for the first time, the case of deprotonated NTB, used as ligand for synthesis of coordination compound, and
2、they present the first example of NTB as building block of coordination polymer.
Now, we intend to introduce the whole of this dissertation by chapters.
In Chapter 1, a survey on the categorization, structure domination and potential application of coordination compounds has been made. The significance of tris(benzimidazole-2-methyl)-amine (NTB) ligand in biomimic and the on-going progress of its coordination chemistry are introduced in details, based on which we clarify our attempt to choose this topic.
Chapter 2 introduces mainly seven new mononuclear complexes obtained from the ordinary and solvothermal reactions of tris(benzimidazole-2-methyl)amine (NTB) with Ni~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Cu~(2+) and Cd~(2+) ions. In these products, NTB takes uniformly aκ~4 -N,N,N, N coordination manner. But for the differences in the electronic configuration and hybridization of metal ions, the compounds present either triangle bipyramidal or square-pyramidal 5-coordination or distorted octahedral 6-coordination. In the lattice packing, owing to the diversity of intermolecular interactions, the complexes appear discrete or bimolecular associated by supramolecular interaction. Especially the comparison between two Cu~(2+) complexes [Cu(H_3L)(SO_4)]·H_2O (4) and [Cu(H_3L)Cl]Cl (5) reveals that anion has an ignorable effect on the structure of complex. Besides, the compounds, [Cd(H_3L)(SO_4)] (6) and {[Cd(H_3L)(SO_4)(H_2O)][Cd(H_3L)(SO_4)]} (7), which were prepared in diversely composed solvents, have respectively 5 and 6-coordinated Cd~(Ⅱ) ions, therewith reifying an effect of solvents on formation of complexes.
In Chapter 3, we describe mainly the synthesis and structures of some di-, tri- and polynuclear complexes. The methods used to extend the mononuclear adducts described in chapter 2 include: 1) adding some linking second ligands, such as polycarboxylic acids, cyanide, and sulfate anions, to enable the catenation of consequent complexes. And 2) increasing pH of solution to facilitate deprotonation of NTB to turn it from a pure chelating to a bridging ligand. Obviously the tactics applied are significant to structural crystal engineering and the structures of isolated compounds reflect the conditioned controllability of infinite coordination compounds. There the complexes included are [Zn_2(H_3L)_2(m-BDA)]SO_4 (8) , [Cd_4(H_2L)_2(SO_4)_3]_n (9), [Cu_4(H_2L)(H_3L)(SO_4)_3]_n(10), [(CuCN)_3(H_3L)]_n(11) and [Cu_7(CN)_3(HL)_2]_n(12), of which 8 is a bimetal compound, composed by the linking m-BDC and two identical mononuclear Zn(H_3L) motifs. 9 and 10 are both 2D polymers with cyanide and deprotonated H_2L~- as bridging ligands. Likewise, 11 and 12 are also 2D polymers with partially deprotoned H_2L~- and HL~(2-) as linking ligands. From the functions of H_2L~- and HL~(2-), we see that to tune the structures of complexes through modifying the pH of solution is possible.
Chapter 4 summarizes the work involved in this dissertation, telling how to start from NTB, the primary ligand, via controlling the reaction conditions, to tune the structures of coordination compounds from simple to complicated and from zero to high demnsional.
基于此，本论文选择了三-(苯并咪唑-2-甲基)胺(NTB)为主要配体，并从其出发，合成了十二个单核和多核的新配合物。本论文工作将着重探讨了不同的反应条件对配合物形成的影响。例如：pH值对配体的存在形式和其配位特征的影响；温度、配体的质子化程度、第二配体的不同和阴离子以及溶剂等对配合物结构方面的影响；通过这些实验，我们成功地得到了从单核到二核乃至多核聚合物。金属配合聚合物的结构显示了从零维、一维到二维的合成设计思路。同时，也通过实际例子说明了分子自组装的原理。这些配合物在结构上体现了如下创新性：
1、打破了迄今尚没有去质子NTB作为配合物配体的现状。
2、首次实现了NTB配位作为配位聚合物结构单元。
下面，我们将按照论文的章节介绍本论文的主要工作。
第一章概述了配合物的分类情况，影响配合物结构的主要因素以及配合物的潜在应用等。其中，着重介绍了三-(苯并咪唑-2-甲基)胺的配合物在生物模拟方面的意义及其配合物合成方面所获得的进展。在此基础上，我们说明了本课题的选题意义。
第二章主要介绍了由配体NTB与二价Ni~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和Cd~(2+)在溶剂热或常规条件下反应得到的七个新型单核配合物。在这些化合物中，NTB配体均采取了κ~4-N,N,N．N配位。但是，由于金属离子的电子组态和所采取的杂化方式不同，呈现了三角双锥或四方锥五配位或者变形八面体的六配位。在晶体堆积中，由于分子间的相互作用的差异，分子或以分离的单分子或以超分子作用联系的双分子形式出现。特别是通过比较Cu~(2+)离子的配合物[Cu(H_3L)(SO_4)]·H_2O(4)，[Cu(H_3L)Cl]Cl(5)的键长和键角我们可以发现：阴离子对配合物的结构有明显的影响。此外，配合物[Cd(H_3L)(SO_4)](6)和{[Cd(H_3L)(SO_4)(H_2O)][Cd(H_3L)(SO_4)])(7)是在不同溶剂配比下得到的。但是，它们分别呈现了Cd~(2+)的五和六配位。从而，说明了溶剂的构成对配合物的形成也有影响。
在第三章，我们主要介绍了一些二核，三核，乃至多核的配位聚合物的合成及其结构。使配合物在前章介绍的单核配合物的基础得以延伸的主要方法是：通过加入连接性的第二配体，如多羧酸，氰根和硫酸根。目的是通过第二配体的桥连作用，使配合物得到发展，从而形成多核配合物。另一方法是加氨水调节pH值，使NTB配体质子化。使之从纯粹的螯合配体转变为桥连配体，使配合物结构得到延伸。这些方法在结构晶体学上具有一般意义。也体现了配位化合物合成的不完全可控性。这些配合物包括了[Zn_2(H_3L)_2(m-BDA)]SO_4(8)，[Cd_4(H_2L)_2(SO_4)_3]_n(9)，[Cu_4(H_2L)(H_3L)(SO_4)_3]_n (10)，[(CuCN)_3(H_3L)]_n(11)和[Cu_7(CN)_3(HL)_2]_n(12)。其中，(8)是通过间苯二甲酸将两个单核单元桥联在一起形成的二核配合物，(9)和(10)是以硫酸根桥基形成的二维配位聚合物。值得注意的是在10当中，去质子的H_2L~-也起到了桥基的作用。(11)、(12)为氰根和H_2L~-和HL~(2-)桥联得到配位聚合物。其结构也是二维网络。从去质子化的NTB配体的桥连功能可见，可以通过改变溶液的pH值来调控配合物的结构。
第四章对全文工作进行了总结，概括了如何以NTB为主配体，通过控制实验条件使配合物的结构从简单到复杂，从零维到多维的基本思路。
Polydentate ligands, containing N-heterocyclics (such as pyrazole, imidazole, and pyrazine, etc.), show a special importance in mimic of biomolecule. More than that, the ligands, when coordinate to metal ions, present a wide variety of coordination modes, so allowing the isolation of a large number of coordination compounds, which are structurally interesting to crystal engineering.
In light of the virtues of such ligands, we chosed tris(benzimidazole-2-methyl)amine (NTB) as primary ligand in this synthetic effort, based on which we obtained 12 mono and polynuclear complexes. The work intends to mainly discuss the effects of different reaction conditions on the formation of complexes, for examples, the effect of pH on occurrence and dentation of NTB and the effect of temperature, deprotonation of ligand, difference in second ligands, and presence of anion and solvents on structures of complexes. The complexes obtained are as mono-, or di- or polynuclear, whose structures show the strategic schemes to fabricate the 0D, 1D and 2D metal coordination polymers and so reify the self-assembly of molecular blocks. The originality, shown by these complexes, includes that
1、they demonstrated, for the first time, the case of deprotonated NTB, used as ligand for synthesis of coordination compound, and
2、they present the first example of NTB as building block of coordination polymer.
Now, we intend to introduce the whole of this dissertation by chapters.
In Chapter 1, a survey on the categorization, structure domination and potential application of coordination compounds has been made. The significance of tris(benzimidazole-2-methyl)-amine (NTB) ligand in biomimic and the on-going progress of its coordination chemistry are introduced in details, based on which we clarify our attempt to choose this topic.
Chapter 2 introduces mainly seven new mononuclear complexes obtained from the ordinary and solvothermal reactions of tris(benzimidazole-2-methyl)amine (NTB) with Ni~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Cu~(2+) and Cd~(2+) ions. In these products, NTB takes uniformly aκ~4 -N,N,N, N coordination manner. But for the differences in the electronic configuration and hybridization of metal ions, the compounds present either triangle bipyramidal or square-pyramidal 5-coordination or distorted octahedral 6-coordination. In the lattice packing, owing to the diversity of intermolecular interactions, the complexes appear discrete or bimolecular associated by supramolecular interaction. Especially the comparison between two Cu~(2+) complexes [Cu(H_3L)(SO_4)]·H_2O (4) and [Cu(H_3L)Cl]Cl (5) reveals that anion has an ignorable effect on the structure of complex. Besides, the compounds, [Cd(H_3L)(SO_4)] (6) and {[Cd(H_3L)(SO_4)(H_2O)][Cd(H_3L)(SO_4)]} (7), which were prepared in diversely composed solvents, have respectively 5 and 6-coordinated Cd~(Ⅱ) ions, therewith reifying an effect of solvents on formation of complexes.
In Chapter 3, we describe mainly the synthesis and structures of some di-, tri- and polynuclear complexes. The methods used to extend the mononuclear adducts described in chapter 2 include: 1) adding some linking second ligands, such as polycarboxylic acids, cyanide, and sulfate anions, to enable the catenation of consequent complexes. And 2) increasing pH of solution to facilitate deprotonation of NTB to turn it from a pure chelating to a bridging ligand. Obviously the tactics applied are significant to structural crystal engineering and the structures of isolated compounds reflect the conditioned controllability of infinite coordination compounds. There the complexes included are [Zn_2(H_3L)_2(m-BDA)]SO_4 (8) , [Cd_4(H_2L)_2(SO_4)_3]_n (9), [Cu_4(H_2L)(H_3L)(SO_4)_3]_n(10), [(CuCN)_3(H_3L)]_n(11) and [Cu_7(CN)_3(HL)_2]_n(12), of which 8 is a bimetal compound, composed by the linking m-BDC and two identical mononuclear Zn(H_3L) motifs. 9 and 10 are both 2D polymers with cyanide and deprotonated H_2L~- as bridging ligands. Likewise, 11 and 12 are also 2D polymers with partially deprotoned H_2L~- and HL~(2-) as linking ligands. From the functions of H_2L~- and HL~(2-), we see that to tune the structures of complexes through modifying the pH of solution is possible.
Chapter 4 summarizes the work involved in this dissertation, telling how to start from NTB, the primary ligand, via controlling the reaction conditions, to tune the structures of coordination compounds from simple to complicated and from zero to high demnsional.
引文
[1]自然科学学科发展战略调研报告，无机化学，科学出版社，1994，P74；
[2]孟庆金，戴安邦，配位化学的创始和现代化，北京，高等教育出版社，1998；
[3] V. Balzani and F. Scandola, Supramolecular photochemistry, New York, Ellis Horwood,1990;
[4] Balzani, Tetrahedron, 1992,48,10443;
[5] J. M. Lehn, Angew. Chem., Int Ed. Engl., 1990,29,1034;
[6] G. Anderegg, E. Hubmann, N. -G. Podder and F. Wenk, Helv. ChimActa, 1967,60,123;
[7] A. G. Blackman, Polyhedron, 2005,24,1;
[8] X.-P. Yang, C.-Y.Su, B.-S. Kang, X.-L. Feng, W.-L. Xiao and H.Q.Liu , J. Chem. Soc,Dalton Trans., 2000,3253;
[9] W. Zhao, J. Fan,Taka-aki Okamura, W.-Y. Sunand Norikazu Ueyamab, New J. Chem . ,2004,28,1142;
[10] X. Hu, C.-R. Ingrid and K.Meyer, Chem. Commun ., 2004,2164;
[11] M.-N. Mortensen, B. Jensen, A. Hazell, A.-D. Bonda and C. J. McKenzie DaltonTrans, 2004,3396;
[12] J. C.-M. Rivas, E. Salvagni and S. Parsons, DaltonTrans., 2004,4185;
[13]田金磊，含氮杂环多齿配体金属配合物的合成、结构及性质表征，南开大学博士毕业论文；2004，4；
[14] T.-W. Failes and T.-W. H ambley, Dalton Trans., 2006,1895;
[15] C. Brewer, G. Brewer, R.-J. Butcher, E.-E. Carpenter, L. Cuenca, B. -C. Noll,W.-R.Scheidt,C. Viragh, P.-Y. Zavalij, and D. Zielaski,Dalton Trans., 2006,1009;
[16] R.-P. Pesavento, D.-A. Pratt, J. Jeffers and W.-A. vander Donk,Dalton Trans., 2006,3326;
[17]L.-F.Szczepura, L.-M.Witham, K.-J.Takeuchi, Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 1998,174,5;
[18] Tatsuya Fujii, Syuhei Yamaguchi, S. Hirotab and H. Masuda,, Dalton Trans., 2008, 164
[19] F.Michel, S. Hamman, F. Thomas, C. Philouze, I.-G.Luneaub, J.-L. Pierre, Chem. Commun.,2006,4122;
[20] D.-A.Fulton, E.-M. Elemento, S.Aime, L.Chaabane, M.Botta, D.Parker, Chem. Commun.,2006,1064;
[21] R.-D' Agata, G. Grasso, G. Iacono,G. Spoto and G. Vecchio, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2006,610;
[22] M. -A. Halcrow, M. Li, L. Chia, X.-M Liu, E. J. -L. Mclnnes, L- J. Yellowlees, F. -E.Mabbs and J.-E. Daviesb, Chem. Commun., 1998,2465;
[23] P. Gamez, I. -A. Koval and J.Reedijk, Dalton Trans., 2004,4079;
[24] Zh.-H. Dai and J.-W. Canary, New J. Chem.. 2007, 31.1708 ;
[25] David G. Lonnon, Donald C. Craig and Stephen B. Colbran, Dalton Trans., 2006, 3785;
[26]陈景燕，苯并咪唑衍生物的合成及其应用，，中山大学硕士毕业论文，2005，5；
[27] L.-K. Thompson, B. -S.Ramaswamy and E. -A. Seymour, Can. J. Chem. 1977, 55, 878;
[28]金龙飞，肖凤萍，陈文学，N，N，N-三(2-甲基苯并咪唑)胺的新合成方法，化学试剂， 2003， 25(4)， 233：
[29] B. P. Branchaud, M. P. Mon-tague-Smith, D. J. Kosman and F. R. McLaren, J. Am. Chem.Soc, 1993,115,798;
[30] a) T. Sakurai, K. Kobayashi, A.Hasegawa, S. Tsuboyama, K. Tsuboyama, Ada Crystallogr,Sect.B, 1982, 38,107;b) G R. Newkome, V. K. Gupta, F. R. Fronczek, Inorg. Chem., 1983,22,171;
[31]游效曾，孟庆金，韩万书，配位化学的进展，高等教育出版社，2000；
[32] C.-M. Liu, D.-Q. Zhang and D.-B. Zhu,Dalton Trans., 2008,260;
[33] A.- K. Boudalis, R. -E. Aston, S. -J. Smith, R.-E. Mirams, M. -J. Riley, G.Schenk, A. -G.Blackman, L- R. Hantonc and L.- R. Gahana, Dalton Trans., 2007, 5132;
[34] GMitrikas; Y. Sanakis; C- P. Raptopoulou; G Kordas; G Papavassiliou; Physical ChemistryChemical Physics, 2008,123,1463;
[35] J. Lombard; J.-C.JLepretre; J. Chauvin; M-N._Collomb; A..Deronzier,Dalton Transactions,2008,124,1477;
[36] S.Datta, M. -T.Gamer,P. -W. Roesky, Dalton Trans., 2008,1761;
[37] C. -W. Liu, B.-J. Liaw, J.-Ch. Wang, L.-S. Liou and T.-C. Keng J. Chem. Soc, DaltonTrans., 2002,1058;
[38] C.-M. Liu, D.-Q. Zhang and D.-B. Zhu, Chem. Commun., 2008, 368;
[39] P. J. Stang and B. Olenyuk,Acc. Chem. Res., 1997,30, 502;
[40] B. Olenyuk, A. Fechtenkotter and P. J. Stang, J. Chem. Soc, Dalton Trans., 1998,1707;
[41]P.-J.Stang and B.Olenyuk, Acc.Chem.Res., 1997,30,502;
[42]A.-C. Sudik and O.-M. Yaghi, et.al. Inorg.Chem., 2005,44,2998;
[43]M．-C．Hong(洪茂春)，R．Chen(陈荣)，W．-P．Liang(梁文平)，Inorganic Chemistry Of??21thCentury(21世纪的无机化学)，Science Press(科学出版社)，2005；
[44] K. Endo, T. Koike, T. Sawaki, 0. Hayashida, H. Masuda and Y. Aoyama, J. Am. Chem.Soc, 1997,119,4117;
[45] N. L. Rosi, J. Eckert, M. Eddaoudi, D. T. Vodak, J. Kim, M. O'Keeffe and O. M. Yaghi,Science, 2003, 300,1127;
[46] D. Bradshaw, T. J. Prior, E. J. Cussen, J. B. Claridge and M. J. Rosseinsky, J. Am. Chem.Soc, 2004,126,6106;
[47] see examples: (a) K. Nicole Power, Tracy L. Hennigar and Michael J. Zaworotko, Chem.Commun., 1998,595;
(b) Y. B Dong, X. Zhao, G X. Jin, R. Q. Huang and Mark D. Smith, Eur. J.Inorg. Chem., 2003, 4017;
(c). B. Q. Ma and P. Coppens, Chem. Commun., 2003, 412;
(d) S.Mann, G Huttner, L. Zsolnai and K. Heinze, Angew Chem. Int Ed Engl, 1996, 35, 2808;
(e) K.Klausmeyer, S. R. Wilson and T. B Rauchfuss, J. Am Chem. Chem. Soc, 1999, 121, 2705;
(f)Michaele J. Hardie, Nino Malic and Colin L. Raston J. Chem. Soc, Dalton Trans., 2002,295.
[48] J.C.MacDonald, P.C.Dorrestein, M.M.Pilley, M.M.Foote, J.L.Lundburg, R.W.Henning,A.J.Schultz and J.L.Manson,J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2000,122,11692;
[49] Blake, A. J.; Grant, C. M.; Parson, S.; Rawson, J. M.; Winpenny, R. E. P. Chem .commun.,1994,2363;
[50]贺玲，朱雪梅，苟少华，徐州医学院学报，1998，18(6)；
[51] E. Kimura, Y. Kodama, T. Koike, etal. J. Am Chem Soc 1995,117(32), 8304;
[52] M.-J .Young, D. Wahnon, R.-C .Hyne, et al. J Am Chem Soc ,1995,117(37),9441;
[53] G.-D Santis., L. Fabbrizzi, M Licchelli, et al.. Angwe Chem Int Ed Engl, 1996 ,35(2),202;
[54] J.-A .Tainer, E .-D .Getzoff, K .-M .Seem, J. -S. Richardson, D .-C .Richardson,J. Mol.Mal.,1982,160,181;
[55] K.-W .Penfield, K .-R Gay, R .-S. Himmelwright, N .-C .Eickmen, V .-A .Noris,H .-C .Freeman, E .-l.Solomon J. Am.Chem.Soc, 1993,103,4382;
[56] R.-E .Stenkamp, L .-C .Sieker, L .-H Jensen. J. -D .McCallum, J.Sanders-Loehr,Chem. Acte.Sco.,1985 ,182,713;
[57] W.-P .-J. Gaykema, A .Volbeda, W .-G .-J. Hol,J.Mol.Biol., 1987,187,255;
[58] K .Lerch,Chem.Reports, 1987, 5,221;
[59] H .Beinert, Coord.Chem.Rev., 1977,23 ,11;
[60] A.Harry, B .Darren, F. -E .David, J Chem. Soc,DaltonTrans, 2002,925;
[61] B .Stec, K .-M .Holtz, E .-R .Kantrowitz, J. Mol. Biol.,2000,299,1323;
[62] E .Hough, L. -K .Hansen, B .Birknes, K Jynge, S. Hansen, A .Hordvik, C .Litle, E .Dodson,Z .Derewenda, Nature,1989,338,357;
[63]A .Volbeda, A .Lahm, F .Sakiyama, D .Suke, EMBOJ.,1991,10,1607;
[64]J. L. Vanhooke, M .-M .Benning, F. -M .Raushel, H .-M .Holden, Biochemistry, 1996, 35,6020;
[65]S .Uhlenbrock, B .Krebs,Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.Engl, 1992,31,1647;
[66] S .Albedyhl, D .Schnieders, A Jancso', T .Gajda, B .Krebs, Eur.J. Inorg.Chem., 2002,1400;
[67] P.-J. -M.-W.-L. Bi rker, A .-J. Schierbeek, G.-C.Verschoor, J. Reedijk,Chem.Commun.,1981,1124;
[68]C .Nazikkol, R .Wegner, J. Bremer, B .Krebs. Z. Anorg. Allg.Chem. 1996, 622, 329;
[69]E .Quiroz-Castro, S .Bern, N .Barba-Behrens, Polyhedron ,2000,19,1479;
[1] J.-B.Wright, Chem.Rev., 1951,48,411;
[2] P.-N. Preston, Chem.Rev., 1974,74,279 ;
[3] B.-T. Leroy,G .Revankar,1974,70 ,389;
[4] W.-P. -J. Gaykema,W.-G .-J. Hol, J. -M. Verijken, N.-M. Soeter, H.-B. Bak,. J. Beintena,Nature, 1984,23,309 ;
[5] P.-K. Ross, E.-L. Solomon, J. Am.Chem.Soc,1991,\ 13,3246;
[6] V .McKee, J. -V .Dagdigian, R .Bau, C.-A .Reed, J. Am.Chem.Soc, 1981,103,7000;
[7] V .McKee, M .Zvagulis, J. -V .Dagdigian, M.-G .Patch, C .-A .Reed, J. Am .Chem,Soc, 1984,106,4765;
[8] H.-M .-J. Hendriks, P.-J. -M .-W .-L. Birker, G.-C .Verschoor, J. Reedijk, J.Chem.Soc.,Dalton. Trans., 1982,623;
[9] H.-M.-J. Hendriks, P.-J. -M.-W .-L .Birker, J. -V .Rijn, G.-C .Verschoor, J. R eedijk, JAm.Chem.Soc.1982,104,3607;
[10] W.-L. Birker, H.-M .-J. Hendriks, J. Reedijk, Inorg.Chem.Acta,19Sl, 55,117;
[11] H.-M.-J. Hendriks, P.-J.-M.-W.-L.Birker, J.-V.Rijn, G.-C.Verschoor, J.Reedijk, J Am.Chem,Soc.1982,104,3607;
[12] J.-V. Rijn, J. Reedijk, M.Dartmann, B.Krebs,J. Chem.Soc,DaltonTrans., 1987,25, 79;
[13]V.McKee,M.-Zvagulis,J.-V.Dagdigian,M.-G.Patch,C.-A.Reed,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1984,106,47-65;
[14]V. McKee, M. Zvagulis, C .-A .Reed, Inorg.Chem.,1985,24,2914;
[15]G.-A.-V.Albada, W.-J. -J. Smeets, A .-L. Spek, J. Reedijk, Inorg.Chem.Acta,1999,288,22 ;
[16]H.-J.Hoom,P.-D.Joode,D.-J.Dijkstra,W.-L.Driessen,H.Kooijman,N.Veldman,A.-L.Spek,L.R-eedijk, J.Mater. Chem., 1997, 7,1747;
[17]G.-A.-V.Albada,W.-J. -J. Smeets, A .-L. Spek, J. Reedijk, Inorg.Chem.Acta,19 97,260,151;
[18]G.-A.-V.Albada, J.Reedijk, R.Hamalainen, U.Turpeinen, A.-L.Spek, Inorg.Chem.Acta,1989,163,213;
[19]M.-G.Patch,H.-K.Choi,D.-R.Chapman,R.Bau,V.McKee,C.-A.Reed,Inorg.Chem.,1990,29,11-0;
[20]G.-A.-V.Albada, N.Veldman, A.-L. Spek, J. Reedijk, J. Chem.Cryst.,2000, 30,69;
[21]G.-A.-V.Albada, J. -G.Haasnoot, J. Reedijk, M.Biagini-Cingi, A.-M.Manoti-Lanfredi, F.Ugozzoli, Polyhedron, 1995,14,2467;
[22]G.-A.-V.Albada,M.-T.Lakin,N.Veldman,J.Reedijk,Inorg.Chem.,1995,34,4910
[23]C.-Y.Su, B.-S. Kang, H.-Q.Liu, Q.-G.Wang, T.-C.-W.Mak,Chem.Commn. 1998,1551;
[24]C.-Y .Su, B.-S. Kang, Q.-G.Wang, T.-C.-W.Mak, J .Chem.Soc.,DaltonTrans.,2000,1831;
[25]C.-Y .Su ,B.-S. Kang, C.-X.Du, Q.-C.Yang, T.-C.-W.Mak, Inorg.Chem. ,2000,39,4843;
[26]C.-Y.Su, X.-P. Yang, B .-S. Kang, T.-C.-WMak,Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.Engl., 2001,40,1725;
[27]C .-Y .Su, B .-S .Kang, Q .-C .Yang, T .-C .-W Mak,J. Chem.Soc.,DaltonTrans.,2000,1857;
[28]C.-Y.Su, B.-S. Kang, Q .-C .Yang, T .-C .-W Mak,SupramolecularChemistry,2001,12 ,411;
[29]H.Beinert, Coord.Chem.Rev.,1911, 23 ,11;
[30]G.-M.Sheldrick, SHELXS-97, Programforthe solution of Crystal, 1997, University ofGotingen;
[31] G.-M. Sheldrick, SHELXS-97, Program for the refinement of Crystal Structures, Universityof Gotingen, 1997;
[32] T.Pandiyan, S. Berires,C.-D.Bazua, Polyhedron,1997,16,2819;
[33] L.-H .Yin, P. Cheng, S. -P. Yan, X.-Q .Fu , J. Li , D.-Z.Liao, Z.-H.Jiang, J.C-hem.Soc.,DaltonTrans., 2001,1398;
[34] D.Volkmer, B .Hommerich, K .Griesar, W .Haase, B .Krebs, Inorg.Chem.,1996,35,3792;
[35]D.-E. Fenton, H.Adams, Q.-Y. He, AciaCrystallogr.Sect.C ,1998,54,286;
[36] C.Nazikkol, R.Wegner, J. Bremer, B.Krebs. Z.Anorg,Al.Ig.Chem.,1996,622,329;
[37] E.Quiroz-Castro, S .Bem6s, N.Barba-Behrens, Polyhedron, 2000,19,1479;
[38] A .-R .Oki, P.Gogineni, M .Yurchenko, V.-G.-Y.Junior, Inorg.Chem.Acta,1997,257,279;
[39]M.-S .Lah, H .Chun, Inorg.Chem., 1997, 36,1782;
[40] D. -F. Xiang, C. -Y. Duan, X. -S. Tan, Q. -W. Hang, W. -X. Tang, J .Chem, Soc, DaltonTrans., 1998,1201;
[41]周卫红，苗志伟，刘小兰，缪方明，王宏根，姚心侃，结构化学：1999，18，2；
[42] D.-E .Fenton, H .Adams, Q .-Y .He, Acta.Crystallogr.Sect.C,1998,54,286;
[43] C. Nazikkol, R .Wegner, J. Bremer, B.Krebs. Z. Anorg.Al Ig.Chem., 1996,622,329;
[44] E.-Q.Castro, S .Bern6s, N.-B.Behrens, Polyhedron, 2000,19,1479;
[45]A.-R.Oki,P.Gogineni,M.Yurchenko,V.-G.-Y.Junior,Inorg.Chem.Acta,1997,257,279;
[46]M.-S.Lah, H.Chun, Inorg.Chem.,1997, 36,178;
[47] D.-F.Xiang, C.-Y.Duan, X.-S.Tan, Q.-W. Hang, W.-X. Tang, J.Chem, Soc, Dalton Trans.,1998,1201;
[48]R.-H.Prince,G.Willkinson,R.-D.Gillard,J.-A.Mccleverty,ComperhensiveCoordinationChemis-try, Vol.5,Pergamon,Oxford,1987,Ch.56,968;
[49]H.Sigel, R.-B.Martin, Chem.Soc.Rev.1994,23 ,83;
[50]S.Sen,M.-K.Saha,P.Kundu,S.Mitra,C.Kruger,J.Bruckmann, Inorg. Chem,Acta,1999,288, 118;
[51]R.-H.Wang, M.-C.Hong, J. -T. Chen, Chin.J. Suct.Chem., 2002,21,268;
[52]M.Qian, S.-H.Gou, S. Chantrapromma, S. -S. -S. Raj, H.-K. Fun, Q.-D .Zeng, Z. Yu, X .-Z.You, Inorg.Chem.Acta, 2000,305, 83;
[1] Rabenau, AngewChem. Int.Ed.,1985,24,1026;
[2]徐如人，庞文琴，无机合成与配位化学，高等教育出版社，2001
[3] L.Pan, X .-Y.Huang, J. Li, J. SolidStateChem.,2000,152,236;
[4] L.Pan, T. Frydel, M .-B .Sander, X .-Y. Huang, J. Li, Inorg.Chem, 2001,40,1217;
[5] L.Pan, X .-Y .Huang, J. Li ,Y. Wu, N .Zheng, AngewChem.In .Ed., 2000,39,527;
[6] L.Pan, N .Chig, X -Y.Huang, J. Li, Chem.Eur.J.,2001,20 ,4431;
[7] H.William, J. Chapman, R .-J. Breslow, J. Am.Chem.Soc.,1995,117,5462 ;
[8] S.-H .Liu, A ,-D .Hamilton, Chem.Commun, 1999,587;
[9] A.-M .Barrios, S .-J. Lippard, J. Am.Chem.Soc.,1999,121,11751;
[10] H.Sakiyama, R .Mochizuki, A .Sugawara, J .Chem.Soc.DaltonTrans.,1996, 3087;
[11] F. Lambert, C. Policar,S. Durot, M. Cesario, Y.-W. Lu. H. -KYoussoufi, B.Keita,andL.Nadjo, Inorganic Chemistry, 2004,43;
[12] N, Matsumoto, Y, Mizuguchi, G, Mago, S,.Eguchi, H, Myiasaka, Nakashima, T. Tuchagues,J.-P. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl 1997,36,1860.
[13] H. Myiasaka, S.Okumara, T. Nakashima, N. Matsumoto, Inorg.Chem. 1997, 36,4329;
[14] C. -T Brewer, G. Brewer, M.Shang, R. -W. Scheidt, I. Muller, Inorg.Chim. Acta 1998,278,197;
[15] M.Mimura, T.Matsuo,Y.Motoda, N.Matsumoto, T.Nakashima, M.Kojima, Chem. Lett. 1998,691;
[16] I.Katsuki, N.Matsumoto, M.Kojima, Inorg Chem. 2000,39, 3350;
[17] F.Lambert, J.-P.Renault, C.Policar, I.Morgenstern-Badarau, M.Cesario, Chem. Commun.2000,35;
[18] Y Sunatsuki, M.Sakata, S.Matsuzaki, N.Matsumoto, M.Kojima, Chem. Lett. 2001,1254;
[19] I.Katsuki, Y.Motoda, Y.Sunatsuki, N.Matsumoto, T.Nakashima, M.Kojima,J. Am. Chem.Soc. 2002,124, 629;
[20] Y.Sunatsuki, Y.Ikuta, N.Matsumoto, H.Ohta, M.Kojima, S.Iijima, S.Hayami, Y.Maeda, SKaizaki, F.Dahan, J.-P.Tuchagues, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003,42, 1614;
[21] Y.Ikuta, M.Ooidemizu, Y.Yamahata, Y.Masahiro, O.Shutaro, N.Matsumoto, S.Iijima,Y.Sunatsuki, M.Kojima, F.Dahan, J.-P. Tuchagues, Inorg. Chem. 2003,42, 7001;
[22] M.Yamada, M.Ooidemizu, Y.Ikuta, S.Osa, N.Matsumoto, S.Iijima, M.Kojima, F.Dahan,??J.-P. Tuchagues, Inorg. Chem. 2003,42,8406;
[23] B.Aakeroy, K .-R .Seddon, Chem.Soc.Rev.,1993,397;
[24] H.-J. Choi, M .-P. Suh,J. Am.Chem.Soc.,1998,120,10622;
[25] M.Yaghi, C .-E. Davis, Q. L i, H .Li ,J. Am .Chem.Soc.,1991,119,2861;
[26]M .Yaghi, H .Li, T. -L. Gory, J. Am .Chem.Soc, 1996,118,9096;
[27] M .Yaghi, R .Jenrigan, H .L i, C .-E .Davis, T. -L .Gray, J. Chem.Soc.,Dalton Trans,1997,238;
[28]Y.-S. Cheng, B.-S Kang, X. -D.Chen, C.-Y.Qing, C. -W. Thomas, Inorganic Chemistry,2000,39,21;
[29] R.Wietzke, M. Mazzanti, J.-M. Latourb, J. P'ecautb, Chem. Commun., 1999,209;
[30] C.Brewer, G.Brewer, C.Luckett, G. -S.Marbury, C.Viragh, A. -M.Beatty, R. -W.Scheidt,Inorg. Chem., 2004,43, 2402.
[2]孟庆金，戴安邦，配位化学的创始和现代化，北京，高等教育出版社，1998；
[3] V. Balzani and F. Scandola, Supramolecular photochemistry, New York, Ellis Horwood,1990;
[4] Balzani, Tetrahedron, 1992,48,10443;
[5] J. M. Lehn, Angew. Chem., Int Ed. Engl., 1990,29,1034;
[6] G. Anderegg, E. Hubmann, N. -G. Podder and F. Wenk, Helv. ChimActa, 1967,60,123;
[7] A. G. Blackman, Polyhedron, 2005,24,1;
[8] X.-P. Yang, C.-Y.Su, B.-S. Kang, X.-L. Feng, W.-L. Xiao and H.Q.Liu , J. Chem. Soc,Dalton Trans., 2000,3253;
[9] W. Zhao, J. Fan,Taka-aki Okamura, W.-Y. Sunand Norikazu Ueyamab, New J. Chem . ,2004,28,1142;
[10] X. Hu, C.-R. Ingrid and K.Meyer, Chem. Commun ., 2004,2164;
[11] M.-N. Mortensen, B. Jensen, A. Hazell, A.-D. Bonda and C. J. McKenzie DaltonTrans, 2004,3396;
[12] J. C.-M. Rivas, E. Salvagni and S. Parsons, DaltonTrans., 2004,4185;
[13]田金磊，含氮杂环多齿配体金属配合物的合成、结构及性质表征，南开大学博士毕业论文；2004，4；
[14] T.-W. Failes and T.-W. H ambley, Dalton Trans., 2006,1895;
[15] C. Brewer, G. Brewer, R.-J. Butcher, E.-E. Carpenter, L. Cuenca, B. -C. Noll,W.-R.Scheidt,C. Viragh, P.-Y. Zavalij, and D. Zielaski,Dalton Trans., 2006,1009;
[16] R.-P. Pesavento, D.-A. Pratt, J. Jeffers and W.-A. vander Donk,Dalton Trans., 2006,3326;
[17]L.-F.Szczepura, L.-M.Witham, K.-J.Takeuchi, Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 1998,174,5;
[18] Tatsuya Fujii, Syuhei Yamaguchi, S. Hirotab and H. Masuda,, Dalton Trans., 2008, 164
[19] F.Michel, S. Hamman, F. Thomas, C. Philouze, I.-G.Luneaub, J.-L. Pierre, Chem. Commun.,2006,4122;
[20] D.-A.Fulton, E.-M. Elemento, S.Aime, L.Chaabane, M.Botta, D.Parker, Chem. Commun.,2006,1064;
[21] R.-D' Agata, G. Grasso, G. Iacono,G. Spoto and G. Vecchio, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2006,610;
[22] M. -A. Halcrow, M. Li, L. Chia, X.-M Liu, E. J. -L. Mclnnes, L- J. Yellowlees, F. -E.Mabbs and J.-E. Daviesb, Chem. Commun., 1998,2465;
[23] P. Gamez, I. -A. Koval and J.Reedijk, Dalton Trans., 2004,4079;
[24] Zh.-H. Dai and J.-W. Canary, New J. Chem.. 2007, 31.1708 ;
[25] David G. Lonnon, Donald C. Craig and Stephen B. Colbran, Dalton Trans., 2006, 3785;
[26]陈景燕，苯并咪唑衍生物的合成及其应用，，中山大学硕士毕业论文，2005，5；
[27] L.-K. Thompson, B. -S.Ramaswamy and E. -A. Seymour, Can. J. Chem. 1977, 55, 878;
[28]金龙飞，肖凤萍，陈文学，N，N，N-三(2-甲基苯并咪唑)胺的新合成方法，化学试剂， 2003， 25(4)， 233：
[29] B. P. Branchaud, M. P. Mon-tague-Smith, D. J. Kosman and F. R. McLaren, J. Am. Chem.Soc, 1993,115,798;
[30] a) T. Sakurai, K. Kobayashi, A.Hasegawa, S. Tsuboyama, K. Tsuboyama, Ada Crystallogr,Sect.B, 1982, 38,107;b) G R. Newkome, V. K. Gupta, F. R. Fronczek, Inorg. Chem., 1983,22,171;
[31]游效曾，孟庆金，韩万书，配位化学的进展，高等教育出版社，2000；
[32] C.-M. Liu, D.-Q. Zhang and D.-B. Zhu,Dalton Trans., 2008,260;
[33] A.- K. Boudalis, R. -E. Aston, S. -J. Smith, R.-E. Mirams, M. -J. Riley, G.Schenk, A. -G.Blackman, L- R. Hantonc and L.- R. Gahana, Dalton Trans., 2007, 5132;
[34] GMitrikas; Y. Sanakis; C- P. Raptopoulou; G Kordas; G Papavassiliou; Physical ChemistryChemical Physics, 2008,123,1463;
[35] J. Lombard; J.-C.JLepretre; J. Chauvin; M-N._Collomb; A..Deronzier,Dalton Transactions,2008,124,1477;
[36] S.Datta, M. -T.Gamer,P. -W. Roesky, Dalton Trans., 2008,1761;
[37] C. -W. Liu, B.-J. Liaw, J.-Ch. Wang, L.-S. Liou and T.-C. Keng J. Chem. Soc, DaltonTrans., 2002,1058;
[38] C.-M. Liu, D.-Q. Zhang and D.-B. Zhu, Chem. Commun., 2008, 368;
[39] P. J. Stang and B. Olenyuk,Acc. Chem. Res., 1997,30, 502;
[40] B. Olenyuk, A. Fechtenkotter and P. J. Stang, J. Chem. Soc, Dalton Trans., 1998,1707;
[41]P.-J.Stang and B.Olenyuk, Acc.Chem.Res., 1997,30,502;
[42]A.-C. Sudik and O.-M. Yaghi, et.al. Inorg.Chem., 2005,44,2998;
[43]M．-C．Hong(洪茂春)，R．Chen(陈荣)，W．-P．Liang(梁文平)，Inorganic Chemistry Of??21thCentury(21世纪的无机化学)，Science Press(科学出版社)，2005；
[44] K. Endo, T. Koike, T. Sawaki, 0. Hayashida, H. Masuda and Y. Aoyama, J. Am. Chem.Soc, 1997,119,4117;
[45] N. L. Rosi, J. Eckert, M. Eddaoudi, D. T. Vodak, J. Kim, M. O'Keeffe and O. M. Yaghi,Science, 2003, 300,1127;
[46] D. Bradshaw, T. J. Prior, E. J. Cussen, J. B. Claridge and M. J. Rosseinsky, J. Am. Chem.Soc, 2004,126,6106;
[47] see examples: (a) K. Nicole Power, Tracy L. Hennigar and Michael J. Zaworotko, Chem.Commun., 1998,595;
(b) Y. B Dong, X. Zhao, G X. Jin, R. Q. Huang and Mark D. Smith, Eur. J.Inorg. Chem., 2003, 4017;
(c). B. Q. Ma and P. Coppens, Chem. Commun., 2003, 412;
(d) S.Mann, G Huttner, L. Zsolnai and K. Heinze, Angew Chem. Int Ed Engl, 1996, 35, 2808;
(e) K.Klausmeyer, S. R. Wilson and T. B Rauchfuss, J. Am Chem. Chem. Soc, 1999, 121, 2705;
(f)Michaele J. Hardie, Nino Malic and Colin L. Raston J. Chem. Soc, Dalton Trans., 2002,295.
[48] J.C.MacDonald, P.C.Dorrestein, M.M.Pilley, M.M.Foote, J.L.Lundburg, R.W.Henning,A.J.Schultz and J.L.Manson,J.Am.Chem.Soc., 2000,122,11692;
[49] Blake, A. J.; Grant, C. M.; Parson, S.; Rawson, J. M.; Winpenny, R. E. P. Chem .commun.,1994,2363;
[50]贺玲，朱雪梅，苟少华，徐州医学院学报，1998，18(6)；
[51] E. Kimura, Y. Kodama, T. Koike, etal. J. Am Chem Soc 1995,117(32), 8304;
[52] M.-J .Young, D. Wahnon, R.-C .Hyne, et al. J Am Chem Soc ,1995,117(37),9441;
[53] G.-D Santis., L. Fabbrizzi, M Licchelli, et al.. Angwe Chem Int Ed Engl, 1996 ,35(2),202;
[54] J.-A .Tainer, E .-D .Getzoff, K .-M .Seem, J. -S. Richardson, D .-C .Richardson,J. Mol.Mal.,1982,160,181;
[55] K.-W .Penfield, K .-R Gay, R .-S. Himmelwright, N .-C .Eickmen, V .-A .Noris,H .-C .Freeman, E .-l.Solomon J. Am.Chem.Soc, 1993,103,4382;
[56] R.-E .Stenkamp, L .-C .Sieker, L .-H Jensen. J. -D .McCallum, J.Sanders-Loehr,Chem. Acte.Sco.,1985 ,182,713;
[57] W.-P .-J. Gaykema, A .Volbeda, W .-G .-J. Hol,J.Mol.Biol., 1987,187,255;
[58] K .Lerch,Chem.Reports, 1987, 5,221;
[59] H .Beinert, Coord.Chem.Rev., 1977,23 ,11;
[60] A.Harry, B .Darren, F. -E .David, J Chem. Soc,DaltonTrans, 2002,925;
[61] B .Stec, K .-M .Holtz, E .-R .Kantrowitz, J. Mol. Biol.,2000,299,1323;
[62] E .Hough, L. -K .Hansen, B .Birknes, K Jynge, S. Hansen, A .Hordvik, C .Litle, E .Dodson,Z .Derewenda, Nature,1989,338,357;
[63]A .Volbeda, A .Lahm, F .Sakiyama, D .Suke, EMBOJ.,1991,10,1607;
[64]J. L. Vanhooke, M .-M .Benning, F. -M .Raushel, H .-M .Holden, Biochemistry, 1996, 35,6020;
[65]S .Uhlenbrock, B .Krebs,Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.Engl, 1992,31,1647;
[66] S .Albedyhl, D .Schnieders, A Jancso', T .Gajda, B .Krebs, Eur.J. Inorg.Chem., 2002,1400;
[67] P.-J. -M.-W.-L. Bi rker, A .-J. Schierbeek, G.-C.Verschoor, J. Reedijk,Chem.Commun.,1981,1124;
[68]C .Nazikkol, R .Wegner, J. Bremer, B .Krebs. Z. Anorg. Allg.Chem. 1996, 622, 329;
[69]E .Quiroz-Castro, S .Bern, N .Barba-Behrens, Polyhedron ,2000,19,1479;
[1] J.-B.Wright, Chem.Rev., 1951,48,411;
[2] P.-N. Preston, Chem.Rev., 1974,74,279 ;
[3] B.-T. Leroy,G .Revankar,1974,70 ,389;
[4] W.-P. -J. Gaykema,W.-G .-J. Hol, J. -M. Verijken, N.-M. Soeter, H.-B. Bak,. J. Beintena,Nature, 1984,23,309 ;
[5] P.-K. Ross, E.-L. Solomon, J. Am.Chem.Soc,1991,\ 13,3246;
[6] V .McKee, J. -V .Dagdigian, R .Bau, C.-A .Reed, J. Am.Chem.Soc, 1981,103,7000;
[7] V .McKee, M .Zvagulis, J. -V .Dagdigian, M.-G .Patch, C .-A .Reed, J. Am .Chem,Soc, 1984,106,4765;
[8] H.-M .-J. Hendriks, P.-J. -M .-W .-L. Birker, G.-C .Verschoor, J. Reedijk, J.Chem.Soc.,Dalton. Trans., 1982,623;
[9] H.-M.-J. Hendriks, P.-J. -M.-W .-L .Birker, J. -V .Rijn, G.-C .Verschoor, J. R eedijk, JAm.Chem.Soc.1982,104,3607;
[10] W.-L. Birker, H.-M .-J. Hendriks, J. Reedijk, Inorg.Chem.Acta,19Sl, 55,117;
[11] H.-M.-J. Hendriks, P.-J.-M.-W.-L.Birker, J.-V.Rijn, G.-C.Verschoor, J.Reedijk, J Am.Chem,Soc.1982,104,3607;
[12] J.-V. Rijn, J. Reedijk, M.Dartmann, B.Krebs,J. Chem.Soc,DaltonTrans., 1987,25, 79;
[13]V.McKee,M.-Zvagulis,J.-V.Dagdigian,M.-G.Patch,C.-A.Reed,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1984,106,47-65;
[14]V. McKee, M. Zvagulis, C .-A .Reed, Inorg.Chem.,1985,24,2914;
[15]G.-A.-V.Albada, W.-J. -J. Smeets, A .-L. Spek, J. Reedijk, Inorg.Chem.Acta,1999,288,22 ;
[16]H.-J.Hoom,P.-D.Joode,D.-J.Dijkstra,W.-L.Driessen,H.Kooijman,N.Veldman,A.-L.Spek,L.R-eedijk, J.Mater. Chem., 1997, 7,1747;
[17]G.-A.-V.Albada,W.-J. -J. Smeets, A .-L. Spek, J. Reedijk, Inorg.Chem.Acta,19 97,260,151;
[18]G.-A.-V.Albada, J.Reedijk, R.Hamalainen, U.Turpeinen, A.-L.Spek, Inorg.Chem.Acta,1989,163,213;
[19]M.-G.Patch,H.-K.Choi,D.-R.Chapman,R.Bau,V.McKee,C.-A.Reed,Inorg.Chem.,1990,29,11-0;
[20]G.-A.-V.Albada, N.Veldman, A.-L. Spek, J. Reedijk, J. Chem.Cryst.,2000, 30,69;
[21]G.-A.-V.Albada, J. -G.Haasnoot, J. Reedijk, M.Biagini-Cingi, A.-M.Manoti-Lanfredi, F.Ugozzoli, Polyhedron, 1995,14,2467;
[22]G.-A.-V.Albada,M.-T.Lakin,N.Veldman,J.Reedijk,Inorg.Chem.,1995,34,4910
[23]C.-Y.Su, B.-S. Kang, H.-Q.Liu, Q.-G.Wang, T.-C.-W.Mak,Chem.Commn. 1998,1551;
[24]C.-Y .Su, B.-S. Kang, Q.-G.Wang, T.-C.-W.Mak, J .Chem.Soc.,DaltonTrans.,2000,1831;
[25]C.-Y .Su ,B.-S. Kang, C.-X.Du, Q.-C.Yang, T.-C.-W.Mak, Inorg.Chem. ,2000,39,4843;
[26]C.-Y.Su, X.-P. Yang, B .-S. Kang, T.-C.-WMak,Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.Engl., 2001,40,1725;
[27]C .-Y .Su, B .-S .Kang, Q .-C .Yang, T .-C .-W Mak,J. Chem.Soc.,DaltonTrans.,2000,1857;
[28]C.-Y.Su, B.-S. Kang, Q .-C .Yang, T .-C .-W Mak,SupramolecularChemistry,2001,12 ,411;
[29]H.Beinert, Coord.Chem.Rev.,1911, 23 ,11;
[30]G.-M.Sheldrick, SHELXS-97, Programforthe solution of Crystal, 1997, University ofGotingen;
[31] G.-M. Sheldrick, SHELXS-97, Program for the refinement of Crystal Structures, Universityof Gotingen, 1997;
[32] T.Pandiyan, S. Berires,C.-D.Bazua, Polyhedron,1997,16,2819;
[33] L.-H .Yin, P. Cheng, S. -P. Yan, X.-Q .Fu , J. Li , D.-Z.Liao, Z.-H.Jiang, J.C-hem.Soc.,DaltonTrans., 2001,1398;
[34] D.Volkmer, B .Hommerich, K .Griesar, W .Haase, B .Krebs, Inorg.Chem.,1996,35,3792;
[35]D.-E. Fenton, H.Adams, Q.-Y. He, AciaCrystallogr.Sect.C ,1998,54,286;
[36] C.Nazikkol, R.Wegner, J. Bremer, B.Krebs. Z.Anorg,Al.Ig.Chem.,1996,622,329;
[37] E.Quiroz-Castro, S .Bem6s, N.Barba-Behrens, Polyhedron, 2000,19,1479;
[38] A .-R .Oki, P.Gogineni, M .Yurchenko, V.-G.-Y.Junior, Inorg.Chem.Acta,1997,257,279;
[39]M.-S .Lah, H .Chun, Inorg.Chem., 1997, 36,1782;
[40] D. -F. Xiang, C. -Y. Duan, X. -S. Tan, Q. -W. Hang, W. -X. Tang, J .Chem, Soc, DaltonTrans., 1998,1201;
[41]周卫红，苗志伟，刘小兰，缪方明，王宏根，姚心侃，结构化学：1999，18，2；
[42] D.-E .Fenton, H .Adams, Q .-Y .He, Acta.Crystallogr.Sect.C,1998,54,286;
[43] C. Nazikkol, R .Wegner, J. Bremer, B.Krebs. Z. Anorg.Al Ig.Chem., 1996,622,329;
[44] E.-Q.Castro, S .Bern6s, N.-B.Behrens, Polyhedron, 2000,19,1479;
[45]A.-R.Oki,P.Gogineni,M.Yurchenko,V.-G.-Y.Junior,Inorg.Chem.Acta,1997,257,279;
[46]M.-S.Lah, H.Chun, Inorg.Chem.,1997, 36,178;
[47] D.-F.Xiang, C.-Y.Duan, X.-S.Tan, Q.-W. Hang, W.-X. Tang, J.Chem, Soc, Dalton Trans.,1998,1201;
[48]R.-H.Prince,G.Willkinson,R.-D.Gillard,J.-A.Mccleverty,ComperhensiveCoordinationChemis-try, Vol.5,Pergamon,Oxford,1987,Ch.56,968;
[49]H.Sigel, R.-B.Martin, Chem.Soc.Rev.1994,23 ,83;
[50]S.Sen,M.-K.Saha,P.Kundu,S.Mitra,C.Kruger,J.Bruckmann, Inorg. Chem,Acta,1999,288, 118;
[51]R.-H.Wang, M.-C.Hong, J. -T. Chen, Chin.J. Suct.Chem., 2002,21,268;
[52]M.Qian, S.-H.Gou, S. Chantrapromma, S. -S. -S. Raj, H.-K. Fun, Q.-D .Zeng, Z. Yu, X .-Z.You, Inorg.Chem.Acta, 2000,305, 83;
[1] Rabenau, AngewChem. Int.Ed.,1985,24,1026;
[2]徐如人，庞文琴，无机合成与配位化学，高等教育出版社，2001
[3] L.Pan, X .-Y.Huang, J. Li, J. SolidStateChem.,2000,152,236;
[4] L.Pan, T. Frydel, M .-B .Sander, X .-Y. Huang, J. Li, Inorg.Chem, 2001,40,1217;
[5] L.Pan, X .-Y .Huang, J. Li ,Y. Wu, N .Zheng, AngewChem.In .Ed., 2000,39,527;
[6] L.Pan, N .Chig, X -Y.Huang, J. Li, Chem.Eur.J.,2001,20 ,4431;
[7] H.William, J. Chapman, R .-J. Breslow, J. Am.Chem.Soc.,1995,117,5462 ;
[8] S.-H .Liu, A ,-D .Hamilton, Chem.Commun, 1999,587;
[9] A.-M .Barrios, S .-J. Lippard, J. Am.Chem.Soc.,1999,121,11751;
[10] H.Sakiyama, R .Mochizuki, A .Sugawara, J .Chem.Soc.DaltonTrans.,1996, 3087;
[11] F. Lambert, C. Policar,S. Durot, M. Cesario, Y.-W. Lu. H. -KYoussoufi, B.Keita,andL.Nadjo, Inorganic Chemistry, 2004,43;
[12] N, Matsumoto, Y, Mizuguchi, G, Mago, S,.Eguchi, H, Myiasaka, Nakashima, T. Tuchagues,J.-P. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl 1997,36,1860.
[13] H. Myiasaka, S.Okumara, T. Nakashima, N. Matsumoto, Inorg.Chem. 1997, 36,4329;
[14] C. -T Brewer, G. Brewer, M.Shang, R. -W. Scheidt, I. Muller, Inorg.Chim. Acta 1998,278,197;
[15] M.Mimura, T.Matsuo,Y.Motoda, N.Matsumoto, T.Nakashima, M.Kojima, Chem. Lett. 1998,691;
[16] I.Katsuki, N.Matsumoto, M.Kojima, Inorg Chem. 2000,39, 3350;
[17] F.Lambert, J.-P.Renault, C.Policar, I.Morgenstern-Badarau, M.Cesario, Chem. Commun.2000,35;
[18] Y Sunatsuki, M.Sakata, S.Matsuzaki, N.Matsumoto, M.Kojima, Chem. Lett. 2001,1254;
[19] I.Katsuki, Y.Motoda, Y.Sunatsuki, N.Matsumoto, T.Nakashima, M.Kojima,J. Am. Chem.Soc. 2002,124, 629;
[20] Y.Sunatsuki, Y.Ikuta, N.Matsumoto, H.Ohta, M.Kojima, S.Iijima, S.Hayami, Y.Maeda, SKaizaki, F.Dahan, J.-P.Tuchagues, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003,42, 1614;
[21] Y.Ikuta, M.Ooidemizu, Y.Yamahata, Y.Masahiro, O.Shutaro, N.Matsumoto, S.Iijima,Y.Sunatsuki, M.Kojima, F.Dahan, J.-P. Tuchagues, Inorg. Chem. 2003,42, 7001;
[22] M.Yamada, M.Ooidemizu, Y.Ikuta, S.Osa, N.Matsumoto, S.Iijima, M.Kojima, F.Dahan,??J.-P. Tuchagues, Inorg. Chem. 2003,42,8406;
[23] B.Aakeroy, K .-R .Seddon, Chem.Soc.Rev.,1993,397;
[24] H.-J. Choi, M .-P. Suh,J. Am.Chem.Soc.,1998,120,10622;
[25] M.Yaghi, C .-E. Davis, Q. L i, H .Li ,J. Am .Chem.Soc.,1991,119,2861;
[26]M .Yaghi, H .Li, T. -L. Gory, J. Am .Chem.Soc, 1996,118,9096;
[27] M .Yaghi, R .Jenrigan, H .L i, C .-E .Davis, T. -L .Gray, J. Chem.Soc.,Dalton Trans,1997,238;
[28]Y.-S. Cheng, B.-S Kang, X. -D.Chen, C.-Y.Qing, C. -W. Thomas, Inorganic Chemistry,2000,39,21;
[29] R.Wietzke, M. Mazzanti, J.-M. Latourb, J. P'ecautb, Chem. Commun., 1999,209;
[30] C.Brewer, G.Brewer, C.Luckett, G. -S.Marbury, C.Viragh, A. -M.Beatty, R. -W.Scheidt,Inorg. Chem., 2004,43, 2402.