家鹑与野生日本鸣鹑进化趋异水平的研究
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摘要
对家鹌鹑(Domestic quail)与在微山湖地区随机捕捉的野生日本鸣鹑(Coturnix japonica，Japanese quail)进行体型外貌、生物学特性等方面的观察及体重、体尺的测量，并对两鹌鹑群体在微卫星DNA水平的遗传结构及笼养环境下不同组合的正、反杂交试验进行种群间心理亲和性、机械性交配障碍和产蛋、受精率及杂种F_1代等方面加以分析，揭示两群体体现于杂交生育性的进化趋异水平，从分子水平分析两者的遗传结构、亲缘关系和分化程度，为鹌鹑的遗传资源研究提供新资料。结果表明：
1．起源于日本鸣鹑的家鹌鹑在驯化过程中，已形成了与野生原种在体型、羽色、生物学特性上的差异，但因驯化时间短，仍保留有部分野生鹌鹑的特征。
2．家鹌鹑与野生日本鸣鹑在笼养杂交情况下表现出一定程度的心理隔离和机械性交配障碍，但小型家鹌鹑与野生鹑之间的隔离程度相对较小。
3．家鹌鹑与野生日本鸣鹑可以成功交配，并产生受精蛋和杂种一代。说明两鹌鹑群体虽然存在一定的分化，其间仍可以实现基因流动。
4．对家鹌鹑与野生日本鸣鹑群体中10个微卫星位点的遗传学分析表明，这两个群体已经产生一定程度的遗传分化，但其分化程度不大，即两者亲缘关系相对较近。
5．本研究利用鸡的8对微卫星引物对鹌鹑基因组进行扩增，得到了杂合程度
扬州大学硕士学位论文
较高的特异性片段，证明利用微卫星的保守性在近缘物种间探索开发应用于鹤鹑
遗传分析的遗传标记的可能性。
A measure was taken in the domestic quails and wild Japanese quails(Coturnix japonica),randomly captured in the Weishan Lake area, about their body weight and body size .Meanwhile,their appearance and biological habits were also observed.And in addition,genetic structure at molecular biotechnique level using ten microsatellite DNA markers was studied.Together with the data above,some information,for example, the ethological affinity ,mechanical mating obstacles between the two populations,the eggs' fertilized rate and progeny F1 etc., was collected from the crossmating and anti-crossmating experiments in the caged environments.With all the messages taken into account,such conclusions can be drawn as follows:
1. Domestic quails differ from the wild Japanese ones ,from which they derived,in the morphological, feather colour and biological characters.But due to the short period of domestication,some behaviours of domestic quails are still somewhat wild.
2. Ethological isolation and mechaical mating have been formed to a certain degree between domestic quails and the wild Japanese quails in the crossmating experiment under caged conditions.Comparatively.the isolation level between the wild and the pint-sized domestic quails is less.
3. Though there are differentiations between the two quail populations,they can still succeed in crossmating and in producing fertilized eggs and progeny F1,which
indicates the gene flow between them.
4. The analysis by using ten microsatellite markers manifests the genetic differentiations between the two populations.but to a small extent , that is to say,they have close phylogenetic relationships.
5. In this research,eight primer pairs for chicken(Gallus gallus)microsatellite loci were tested in polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification of quail genomic DNA.Specific amplification products were obtained with high hererozygosity. Therefore,the conservations among closely related species can provide a method to develop the quails' microsatellites .
1．起源于日本鸣鹑的家鹌鹑在驯化过程中，已形成了与野生原种在体型、羽色、生物学特性上的差异，但因驯化时间短，仍保留有部分野生鹌鹑的特征。
2．家鹌鹑与野生日本鸣鹑在笼养杂交情况下表现出一定程度的心理隔离和机械性交配障碍，但小型家鹌鹑与野生鹑之间的隔离程度相对较小。
3．家鹌鹑与野生日本鸣鹑可以成功交配，并产生受精蛋和杂种一代。说明两鹌鹑群体虽然存在一定的分化，其间仍可以实现基因流动。
4．对家鹌鹑与野生日本鸣鹑群体中10个微卫星位点的遗传学分析表明，这两个群体已经产生一定程度的遗传分化，但其分化程度不大，即两者亲缘关系相对较近。
5．本研究利用鸡的8对微卫星引物对鹌鹑基因组进行扩增，得到了杂合程度
扬州大学硕士学位论文
较高的特异性片段，证明利用微卫星的保守性在近缘物种间探索开发应用于鹤鹑
遗传分析的遗传标记的可能性。
A measure was taken in the domestic quails and wild Japanese quails(Coturnix japonica),randomly captured in the Weishan Lake area, about their body weight and body size .Meanwhile,their appearance and biological habits were also observed.And in addition,genetic structure at molecular biotechnique level using ten microsatellite DNA markers was studied.Together with the data above,some information,for example, the ethological affinity ,mechanical mating obstacles between the two populations,the eggs' fertilized rate and progeny F1 etc., was collected from the crossmating and anti-crossmating experiments in the caged environments.With all the messages taken into account,such conclusions can be drawn as follows:
1. Domestic quails differ from the wild Japanese ones ,from which they derived,in the morphological, feather colour and biological characters.But due to the short period of domestication,some behaviours of domestic quails are still somewhat wild.
2. Ethological isolation and mechaical mating have been formed to a certain degree between domestic quails and the wild Japanese quails in the crossmating experiment under caged conditions.Comparatively.the isolation level between the wild and the pint-sized domestic quails is less.
3. Though there are differentiations between the two quail populations,they can still succeed in crossmating and in producing fertilized eggs and progeny F1,which
indicates the gene flow between them.
4. The analysis by using ten microsatellite markers manifests the genetic differentiations between the two populations.but to a small extent , that is to say,they have close phylogenetic relationships.
5. In this research,eight primer pairs for chicken(Gallus gallus)microsatellite loci were tested in polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification of quail genomic DNA.Specific amplification products were obtained with high hererozygosity. Therefore,the conservations among closely related species can provide a method to develop the quails' microsatellites .
引文
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