基于GIS的配电网络拓扑建模方法与应用研究
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摘要
配电网地理信息系统(“配网GIS”),以其所特有的地理空间信息的描述、存贮、分析功能,在实现配电网设施的地理空间位置与配网设备及运行数据的相互映射与统一管理的优势,已在配电网信息管理中得到了广泛的应用。随着城市配电网络结构的日益庞大和复杂,迫切需要进一步研究配网GIS中的拓扑描述及拓扑分析建模方法,以及在配电业务分析中的应用技术。
论文首先以Geodatabase为例,讨论了面向对象的空间数据模型特点。在分析配电网结构及数据需求特点的基础上,进行了面向对象的配网GIS数据模型建模方法研究与配电网空间数据模型设计。为实现数据的有效管理,还进行了配网GIS中版本与角色管理实现技术研究,提出了在GIS应用系统中基于空间数据库引擎的、版本与角色一体化管理的集成解决方案。
结合GeoDatabase对网络拓扑的描述方法和配电网拓扑特性的分析,研究了在配网GIS中几何网络建模及逻辑网络描述方法。在此基础上,研究了配网拓扑分析建模方法,并给出了其在电源点搜索、环路校验、隔离开关搜索、挂牌分析与模拟、电气接线图生成等配电网络拓扑分析功能中的应用。
论文进一步研究了基于配网拓扑分析的配电专业分析建模方法及实现技术。
在可靠性统计分析技术与实现方法上,提出了一种基于配网GIS拓扑分析的方法,该方法可自动分析并获得开关操作后配网系统运行状态的变更与状态属性响应,进而实现供电可靠性的完整、准确统计。相对目前通常依据调度工作票记录统计的方式,不仅保证了统计结果的完整、可靠,而且解决了目前常规可靠性管理信息系统对配电网结构及运行状态变更的适应性问题。
在线损分析技术方面,针对目前中小城市配电网结构复杂、运行状态变更频繁、且常规信息管理系统在计损设施确定及参数获取极其困难的瓶颈,研究并建立了一种可充分发挥配网GIS拓扑分析和空间属性数据一体化管理优势的线损分析模型,基于配网拓扑分析,配网GIS可自动搜寻计损变压器台区及导线段,确定潮流路径且自动沿潮流路径获取导线段长度等其它系统难以直接获得的参数,并支持逐个计损负荷节点各理论线损成分的计算,自动适应配网运行状态和结构的变化,为进一步提高理论线损分析的可行性、精度与效率提供了技术手段。
在短期负荷预测技术方面,开展了基于灰色理论法的短期负荷预测技术研究,设计了历史数据分类及检验规则,进行了配网GIS中基于残差GM(1,1)模型的短期负荷预测功能实现,提高了短期负荷预测精度。
在最优停电方案实现技术方面,首先针对目前中小城市配网各中压用户繁多、而精确到用户级的可靠性统计数据获取普遍困难的现状,本文提出了一种“设备可靠性指标保障系数”的概念,并设计了一种以负荷裕量、相对设备寿命的设备运行时间综合折算而定量确定该系数的方法,在此基础上建立了评价配电网系统整体可靠性的方法。围绕该方法,引入遗传算法,改进编码规则,并通过配网GIS拓扑分析功能解决配电系统开关状态自动辨识的难题,使遗传算法在有少量不可行解的空间中进行,同时改进交叉率和变异率,使不可行解变成可行解,提高了模型求解的全局收敛性。
论文还进行了基于禁忌搜索算法的配网重构研究,利用配网几何网络建模技术,在实际配网GIS所提取的几何网络上的进行了实验,验证了在配网GIS中应用禁忌搜索算法实现配网重构的可行性。
Distribution Network GIS, with its capability to describ and manage graphic information,as well as with the advantage to manage integratively spatial and other data, has been widely applicated for the information management of distribution network. As the distribution network has been mor and more complex, the demand for research on distribution network topology modeling based on Distribution Network GIS is increasing.
First, the Geodatabase model was introduced. Following the discussion on distribution network's struction and characteristic of data in it, one spatial data model based on Geodatabase for distribution network was researched and built. And, the solution was researched and given to manage deta as well as the distribution network GIS by management of data's versions together with user's roles based on ArcSDE.
The method to describe network topology by Geodatabase was introduced. After analyzing the characteristic of distribution network topology, the modeling method was researched to form the geomeric network and logical network.Then, a series of modeling technique to actualize the functions including searching for the power supply, inspecting circuit-loop, marking a facility and auto-mapping distribution drawing were discussed.
Based on method to describ and analyze distribution network topology, the technique to actualize the analyzing functions of distribution network operation was researched as as follows.
For the statistical reliability of distribution system, a solution was discussed and achieved. The way in this solution to ensure statistical data dependable is that the status of power outage will be analyzed and memorize automatically once any switch is operated. Accoding to this solution, the result of reliability would be more accurate than to the existing others. And more, the difficulty to adjust-self to any change of distributtion network structure would not exist accoding to this solution.
For analysis of line loss, considering the complication and flexiblity of distribution network, as well as the difficults in the current MIS to make sure of necessary facilitis and these indexes, one computational model for line loss was researched. In that, the Distribution Network GIS's abilities to caculate network's topology and to manage integratively spatial and other data was full played. According to the model, the necessary facilitis for analysis of line loss including transformer and segment of wire would be hunt easily out based Distribution Network GIS. The paths of load flow would be found fast based Distribution Network GIS, and the length of each segment of wire along the path would be picked-up. By this solution, any kind of theoretic line loss due to each load node can be calculated one by one. And any change of distributtion network's structure can be adjusted-self. The analysis of line loss will be more accurate and more feasible profit from this solution.
For the short-term load forecasting, the grey theory was used. The taxonomy historic load data was discussed and designed. The solution of Short-term load based on residual GM(1,1)model forecasting was reseached and tested in the Distribution Network GIS. Profit from this solution, the short-term load forecasting sould be more accurate.
For the optimal scheme of the power cut, a conception called as "coefficient of reliability guarantee" was puted forward. The method was designed to obtain quantificationally this coefficient with device's load remainder and the runing time divided by lift-time. The method was established else to evaluate reliability of whole distribution system. With the genetic algorithm, the improved genetic operators was adopted to program optimal scheme of the power cut.
At last,the technique of distribution network reconfiguration based on Distribution Network GIS was researched. And the technique based on Tabu Search was test for network reconfiguration.
论文首先以Geodatabase为例,讨论了面向对象的空间数据模型特点。在分析配电网结构及数据需求特点的基础上,进行了面向对象的配网GIS数据模型建模方法研究与配电网空间数据模型设计。为实现数据的有效管理,还进行了配网GIS中版本与角色管理实现技术研究,提出了在GIS应用系统中基于空间数据库引擎的、版本与角色一体化管理的集成解决方案。
结合GeoDatabase对网络拓扑的描述方法和配电网拓扑特性的分析,研究了在配网GIS中几何网络建模及逻辑网络描述方法。在此基础上,研究了配网拓扑分析建模方法,并给出了其在电源点搜索、环路校验、隔离开关搜索、挂牌分析与模拟、电气接线图生成等配电网络拓扑分析功能中的应用。
论文进一步研究了基于配网拓扑分析的配电专业分析建模方法及实现技术。
在可靠性统计分析技术与实现方法上,提出了一种基于配网GIS拓扑分析的方法,该方法可自动分析并获得开关操作后配网系统运行状态的变更与状态属性响应,进而实现供电可靠性的完整、准确统计。相对目前通常依据调度工作票记录统计的方式,不仅保证了统计结果的完整、可靠,而且解决了目前常规可靠性管理信息系统对配电网结构及运行状态变更的适应性问题。
在线损分析技术方面,针对目前中小城市配电网结构复杂、运行状态变更频繁、且常规信息管理系统在计损设施确定及参数获取极其困难的瓶颈,研究并建立了一种可充分发挥配网GIS拓扑分析和空间属性数据一体化管理优势的线损分析模型,基于配网拓扑分析,配网GIS可自动搜寻计损变压器台区及导线段,确定潮流路径且自动沿潮流路径获取导线段长度等其它系统难以直接获得的参数,并支持逐个计损负荷节点各理论线损成分的计算,自动适应配网运行状态和结构的变化,为进一步提高理论线损分析的可行性、精度与效率提供了技术手段。
在短期负荷预测技术方面,开展了基于灰色理论法的短期负荷预测技术研究,设计了历史数据分类及检验规则,进行了配网GIS中基于残差GM(1,1)模型的短期负荷预测功能实现,提高了短期负荷预测精度。
在最优停电方案实现技术方面,首先针对目前中小城市配网各中压用户繁多、而精确到用户级的可靠性统计数据获取普遍困难的现状,本文提出了一种“设备可靠性指标保障系数”的概念,并设计了一种以负荷裕量、相对设备寿命的设备运行时间综合折算而定量确定该系数的方法,在此基础上建立了评价配电网系统整体可靠性的方法。围绕该方法,引入遗传算法,改进编码规则,并通过配网GIS拓扑分析功能解决配电系统开关状态自动辨识的难题,使遗传算法在有少量不可行解的空间中进行,同时改进交叉率和变异率,使不可行解变成可行解,提高了模型求解的全局收敛性。
论文还进行了基于禁忌搜索算法的配网重构研究,利用配网几何网络建模技术,在实际配网GIS所提取的几何网络上的进行了实验,验证了在配网GIS中应用禁忌搜索算法实现配网重构的可行性。
Distribution Network GIS, with its capability to describ and manage graphic information,as well as with the advantage to manage integratively spatial and other data, has been widely applicated for the information management of distribution network. As the distribution network has been mor and more complex, the demand for research on distribution network topology modeling based on Distribution Network GIS is increasing.
First, the Geodatabase model was introduced. Following the discussion on distribution network's struction and characteristic of data in it, one spatial data model based on Geodatabase for distribution network was researched and built. And, the solution was researched and given to manage deta as well as the distribution network GIS by management of data's versions together with user's roles based on ArcSDE.
The method to describe network topology by Geodatabase was introduced. After analyzing the characteristic of distribution network topology, the modeling method was researched to form the geomeric network and logical network.Then, a series of modeling technique to actualize the functions including searching for the power supply, inspecting circuit-loop, marking a facility and auto-mapping distribution drawing were discussed.
Based on method to describ and analyze distribution network topology, the technique to actualize the analyzing functions of distribution network operation was researched as as follows.
For the statistical reliability of distribution system, a solution was discussed and achieved. The way in this solution to ensure statistical data dependable is that the status of power outage will be analyzed and memorize automatically once any switch is operated. Accoding to this solution, the result of reliability would be more accurate than to the existing others. And more, the difficulty to adjust-self to any change of distributtion network structure would not exist accoding to this solution.
For analysis of line loss, considering the complication and flexiblity of distribution network, as well as the difficults in the current MIS to make sure of necessary facilitis and these indexes, one computational model for line loss was researched. In that, the Distribution Network GIS's abilities to caculate network's topology and to manage integratively spatial and other data was full played. According to the model, the necessary facilitis for analysis of line loss including transformer and segment of wire would be hunt easily out based Distribution Network GIS. The paths of load flow would be found fast based Distribution Network GIS, and the length of each segment of wire along the path would be picked-up. By this solution, any kind of theoretic line loss due to each load node can be calculated one by one. And any change of distributtion network's structure can be adjusted-self. The analysis of line loss will be more accurate and more feasible profit from this solution.
For the short-term load forecasting, the grey theory was used. The taxonomy historic load data was discussed and designed. The solution of Short-term load based on residual GM(1,1)model forecasting was reseached and tested in the Distribution Network GIS. Profit from this solution, the short-term load forecasting sould be more accurate.
For the optimal scheme of the power cut, a conception called as "coefficient of reliability guarantee" was puted forward. The method was designed to obtain quantificationally this coefficient with device's load remainder and the runing time divided by lift-time. The method was established else to evaluate reliability of whole distribution system. With the genetic algorithm, the improved genetic operators was adopted to program optimal scheme of the power cut.
At last,the technique of distribution network reconfiguration based on Distribution Network GIS was researched. And the technique based on Tabu Search was test for network reconfiguration.
引文
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