医院绿地植物景观改造设计研究
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摘要
医院是人类维护身体健康、恢复劳动机能的场所,是人类生存繁衍、与疾病抗争的重要阵地。近年来,随着社会经济的发展以及医疗水平的提高,医院在不断的扩建,原有的景观环境受到破坏,出现了许多环境问题。目前,学者们对于医院绿地植物景观的研究多以基础研究为主,尚未建立一个完整、科学的医院绿地植物景观改造设计模式用以提升医院环境质量及医疗康复的辅助效果。基于此,本研究以中南大学湘雅三医院绿地植物景观作为研究对象,采用查阅收集文献资料及综合分析法,通过实地调查,运用景观生态学、景观美学、环境心理学等相关理论,对中南大学湘雅三医院绿地植物景观进行改造设计。主要研究结果如下：
(1)突出医疗康复的辅助效果。研究认为植物的形态、色彩、特性对于患者的心理及生理具有一定的影响。针对患者疾病情况来选择植物品种进行配置,在一定程度上会促进患者的提早康复。
(2)注重生态服务功能。提出医院绿地植物景观要建成生物多样性基地,通过改造地形、丰富植物品种,创造出配置方式多样的复合式立体生态环境。作到层次丰富,季相变化明显,充分展示植物景观的自然之美。此外,在植物选择及配置上要根据绿地功能的不同进行设计。如医院的中心绿地植物景观要营造出适合休养游憩的氛围,道路绿地植物要考虑到行人及车辆的通行便利,建筑组团绿地植物要与建筑相协调,起到软化建筑的作用。
(3)体现以人为本。提出在设计时要站在患者的角度去考虑绿地植物景观的布局、体量、功能、效果等,在消除患者对疾病恐惧的同时,达到配合患者休养的目的。
医院绿地植物景观改造设计要把以人为本这一主题贯彻其中,强调绿地植物环境对患者的特殊作用,合理布局,充分发挥景观的艺术感染力,挖掘医院文化内涵,创建出具有自己特色的医院绿地植物景观。
Hospital is the place to defend health and recover enginery working for human beings, it is also an important place to fight against disease for human beings'survive and multiply. Recent years, as the development of social Economy and the improvement of Medical treatment level, hospitals are expanded ceaselessly, the original landscape is destroyed and Environment problems are coming out. At present, as for the research of greenbelt plant landscape in hospital, scholars give first place to some basic researches but haven't built any kind of entire and scientific pattern of hospitals' greenbelt plant landscape reform to improve hospital's environmental quality and strengthen assist effect of medical recover. Owing to this, the research is aimed at greenbelt plant landscape in the 3rd hospital of Zhongnan university, adopting methods of checking and collecting Document data and synthesized analysis to reform and design greenbelt plant landscape in the 3rd hospital of Zhongnan university via scene investigation, Landscape ecology,Landscape aesthetics, Environment psychology and relevance theories. The major findings are as follows:
(1) Lay stress on assist effect of medical recovers. Studies think of Plant's form, color and Characteristic property have being bound to affect on Patient's mentality and physiology. Be based on the patient disease and choose plants to deploy, to a certain extent, it will boost patient's shifting to an earlier time recovering from the illness.
(2) Attach importance to ecological service function. It is mentioned that the hospital greenbelt plant landscape should be built as Biodiversity base. Create a various allocation ways of compound ecological environment via reforming landform and enriching the plant breed. The gradation should be plentiful, seasonal variation is obvious and to show the bloom of the plant landscape. Besides, the design of plant choosing and deploying should be based on the differences of Greenbelt function. For example, the centre greenbelt plant landscape ought to be built out like recuperated, the road greenbelt plant is considered the going through of Pedestrian and the vehicle. Greenbelt plant should be consistent with hospital building to make it more amiable.
(3) Embody people foremost principle. It is pointed out that the greenbelt plant landscape's layout, function and effect are based on patient's mentality in the design, during the time to eliminate patient's fear and also achieve the purpose of assisting patient's recovering.
The reform and design of greenbelt plant landscape of hospital should give the priority to people foremost principle, emphasizing that the greenbelt plant's special effect on patients. Reasonable layout shows the artistic fascination of the landscape and culture connotation, which is built as self-characteristic hospital's greenbelt plant landscape.
(1)突出医疗康复的辅助效果。研究认为植物的形态、色彩、特性对于患者的心理及生理具有一定的影响。针对患者疾病情况来选择植物品种进行配置,在一定程度上会促进患者的提早康复。
(2)注重生态服务功能。提出医院绿地植物景观要建成生物多样性基地,通过改造地形、丰富植物品种,创造出配置方式多样的复合式立体生态环境。作到层次丰富,季相变化明显,充分展示植物景观的自然之美。此外,在植物选择及配置上要根据绿地功能的不同进行设计。如医院的中心绿地植物景观要营造出适合休养游憩的氛围,道路绿地植物要考虑到行人及车辆的通行便利,建筑组团绿地植物要与建筑相协调,起到软化建筑的作用。
(3)体现以人为本。提出在设计时要站在患者的角度去考虑绿地植物景观的布局、体量、功能、效果等,在消除患者对疾病恐惧的同时,达到配合患者休养的目的。
医院绿地植物景观改造设计要把以人为本这一主题贯彻其中,强调绿地植物环境对患者的特殊作用,合理布局,充分发挥景观的艺术感染力,挖掘医院文化内涵,创建出具有自己特色的医院绿地植物景观。
Hospital is the place to defend health and recover enginery working for human beings, it is also an important place to fight against disease for human beings'survive and multiply. Recent years, as the development of social Economy and the improvement of Medical treatment level, hospitals are expanded ceaselessly, the original landscape is destroyed and Environment problems are coming out. At present, as for the research of greenbelt plant landscape in hospital, scholars give first place to some basic researches but haven't built any kind of entire and scientific pattern of hospitals' greenbelt plant landscape reform to improve hospital's environmental quality and strengthen assist effect of medical recover. Owing to this, the research is aimed at greenbelt plant landscape in the 3rd hospital of Zhongnan university, adopting methods of checking and collecting Document data and synthesized analysis to reform and design greenbelt plant landscape in the 3rd hospital of Zhongnan university via scene investigation, Landscape ecology,Landscape aesthetics, Environment psychology and relevance theories. The major findings are as follows:
(1) Lay stress on assist effect of medical recovers. Studies think of Plant's form, color and Characteristic property have being bound to affect on Patient's mentality and physiology. Be based on the patient disease and choose plants to deploy, to a certain extent, it will boost patient's shifting to an earlier time recovering from the illness.
(2) Attach importance to ecological service function. It is mentioned that the hospital greenbelt plant landscape should be built as Biodiversity base. Create a various allocation ways of compound ecological environment via reforming landform and enriching the plant breed. The gradation should be plentiful, seasonal variation is obvious and to show the bloom of the plant landscape. Besides, the design of plant choosing and deploying should be based on the differences of Greenbelt function. For example, the centre greenbelt plant landscape ought to be built out like recuperated, the road greenbelt plant is considered the going through of Pedestrian and the vehicle. Greenbelt plant should be consistent with hospital building to make it more amiable.
(3) Embody people foremost principle. It is pointed out that the greenbelt plant landscape's layout, function and effect are based on patient's mentality in the design, during the time to eliminate patient's fear and also achieve the purpose of assisting patient's recovering.
The reform and design of greenbelt plant landscape of hospital should give the priority to people foremost principle, emphasizing that the greenbelt plant's special effect on patients. Reasonable layout shows the artistic fascination of the landscape and culture connotation, which is built as self-characteristic hospital's greenbelt plant landscape.
引文
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[24]张星彦.基于人的知觉环境研讨医院环境人性化设计[J].福建工程学院学报,2008(3)：247-250.
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[3]罗运湖.现代医院建筑设计[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2001：1-13.
[4]陈雄.健康医院环境设计的思考[J].茂名学院学报,2009(3)：81-86.
[5]王福云.寻访城市建筑的史诗[J].室内设计与装修,2003(5)：103-104.
[6]韩新英,于东明,张娟.医院庭院环境规划设计[J].青岛理工大学学报,2006(5)：61-62.
[7]唐喜庆,沈晋明,周斌.景观植物对医院环境的影响[J].中国医院建筑与设备,2006(2)：24-27.
[8]沈天虹.植物在医院景观设计中的运用[J].技术与市场：园林工程,2006(4)：36-38.
[9]曾志勇,陈亮明.医院环境绿化设计探讨[J].山西建筑,2007(14)：349-350.
[10]吕桂菊,刘大亮.医院户外空间环境设计[J].山东林业科技,2007(3)：46-48.
[11](日)芦原义信.外部空间设计[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版祉,1985.
[12]李晓红.张家口市沙岭子医院环境景观规划设计[J].农业科技与信息(现代园林),2007(8)：50-52.
[13]吴映谦.医院环境规划设计——以宁乡县人民医院的建设为例[J].工程建设,2008(1)：32-35.
[14]廖昌兰,张选岐,何永煌等.营造健康舒适的生态化就医环境[J].中华医院管理杂志,2006(8)：570-571.
[15]赵伟韬,张韵宁,崔焱.我国医院户外空间环境的现代认识[J].沈阳农业大学学报(社会科学版),2008(2)：214-217.
[16]胡仁华,朱建新,陈孝青等.武汉大学口腔医院景观环境改造整体构思探讨[J].湖北林业科技,2002(4)：27-29.
[17]晁军,刘德明.趋近自然的医院建筑康复环境设计[J].建筑学 报,2008(5)：83-85.
[18]高联红,尹俊梅,潘鄱.乐东县人民医院景观规划探讨[J].热带林业,2008(2).
[19]孙晓铭,王逢瑚.医院公共空间视觉环境的设计研究[J].低温建筑技术,2009(5)：23-24.
[20]王侃.在患者选择医院的时代对医疗环境空间设计的实现过程[J].建筑创作,2005(12)：49-51.
[21]李春富,何祥涛.医院儿童病区的环境装饰绘画设计[J].设计艺术(山东工艺美术学院学报),2006(3)：115-118.
[22]熊应军,吴进军.谈现代医院环境色彩设计[J].中华医院管理杂志,2005(9)：645-646.
[23](美)阿摩斯·拉普卜特.建成环境的意义(非言语表达方法)[M].黄兰谷等,译.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[24]张星彦.基于人的知觉环境研讨医院环境人性化设计[J].福建工程学院学报,2008(3)：247-250.
[25]牛小鹏.浅析在医院色彩环境设计中结合人机工程学[J].邢台职业技术学院学报,2008(2)：97-98.
[26]杨丹伟,唐文,余晋.色彩在医院景观设计中的应用[J].艺术与设计(理论),2009(2)：94-96.
[27]郭穗真.医院色彩设计的思考[J].现代医院,2009(1)：118-119.
[28]颜延杰,杨钧.浅谈环境设计及色彩在医院中的运用[J].中国医学理论与实践,2003,6(6)：716.
[29]张海鸣.试论以病人为中心的医院环境设计[J].工程建设与设计,2006(3)：17-18.
[30]克莱尔·库珀·马科斯.康复花园[J].金荷仙,译,中国园林,2009(7)：1-6.
[31]Marcus C C. Healing Havens:Two hospital gardens in Portland win awards for therapeutic values [J]. Landscape Architecture,2003(8):93.
[32]孙勇,金华,吴发盛.医院的外部环境设计[J].大连民族学院学报,2006(1)：66-69.
[33]田银生,刘韶军.建筑设计与城市空间[M].天津：天津大学出版社,20001.
[34]徐化成.景观生态学[M].中国林业出版社,1996.
[35]Bruce Kelly, Gail Travis Guillet, Mary Ellen W.Hern. Art of the Olmsted Lanscape. Arts pub[J].Slipcase edition Setember,1981.
[36]张惠远.景观规划：概念.起源与发展[J].应用生态学报,1999(3)：373-378.
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