酒店从业人员人格特征与社交能力的相关研究
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摘要
本研究在文献综述、开放式问卷调查的基础上,提出酒店从业人员人格特征与社交能力相关的理论假设,并在在此基础上运用16PF对317名酒店从业人员人格特征进行测试,然后采用TSBI量表测查了其中273人的社交能力。最后进行统计分析,形成酒店从业人员人格特征与社交能力的相关调查研究。结果表明:
(1)酒店从业人员在兴奋性、敢为性、敏感性与忧虑性人格因素上高于全国正常人平均水平;聪慧性、怀疑性、实验性以及独立性人格因素上,酒店从业人员则显著低于全国常模。
(2)在内向与外向型因素上外向性程度最高;兴奋性、敢为性、持强性以及乐群性也较高;而在独立性、怀疑性和创造力因素上得分较低;初步断定:高外向性、高兴奋性、高敢为性以及较高乐群性、较高持强性、较高敏感性、较低独立性、较低怀疑性是我国酒店从业人员的基本职业人格特征。
(3)酒店从业人员人格的性别差异的显著性表现在,乐群性、持强性、敢为性、内向与外向型、稳定性、忧虑性、有恒性因素上以及感情与安详型、专业成长和成长能力这些次级因素维度上。其他分类变量的差异性表现在个别几个维度上。
(4)酒店从业人员社交能力总体处于中等以上水平。不同的性别、年龄、婚姻状况、受教育程度、工作年限、职位层次以及工作部门的社交能力之间差异没有达到显著水平;社交能力的收入状况差异则达到显著性水平。
(5)酒店从业人员社交能力与乐群性、稳定性、持强性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性、自律性、外向性、心理健康因素以及专业成就因素有显著正相关;而与怀疑性、忧虑性、独立性、紧张性、适应与焦虑型以及创造能力因素有显著副相关。
(6)酒店从业人员16PF人格因素对于社交能力的预测作用的显著性表现在外向性因素、专业成就因素、独立性因素与有恒性因素上;它们能够解释社交能力11.9%-17.2%的差异。
Based on the review of precious researches, analysis of open-ended questionnaires, we raised theoretical hypotheses about the relationship between the personality characteristics and social acceptability for the working staff of hotels. Then it came up with examining of their personality characteristics with the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF). Based on the above works, we examined the social acceptability of 273 workers of all. Finally, the data were performed by using statistic method to form research on the correlation between the personality characteristics and social acceptability of working staff of hotels. The results showed as following: (1) Compared with national norms, the scores of the working staff were higher in factors liveliness, social boldness, apprehension, while lower in intellect, vigilance, openness to change, self-reliance. (2) In the introversion and extroversion factors, the introversion factor was the most significant. In addition, following factors had higher scores: liveliness, social boldness, dominance, warmth, while those factors had lower scores, such as: self-reliance, vigilance, creativity. So initial assertion can be made as following: the basic personality characteristics of the working staff of hotels in our nation were highest extroversion, higher liveliness, higher social boldness, higher warmth, high dominance, high sensitivity, low self-reliance, lower vigilance, lowest vigilance. (3) The significant difference of gender in personality showed in the following factors: warmth, dominance, social boldness, introversion and extraversion, emotional stability, apprehension and rule-consciousness. So are those secondary factors such as: feeling and serenity, professional growth and growth ability. The differences of the other classified variables were showed in some other dimensionality.
(4) The social acceptability of the staff were generally at no less than the primary stage. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in gender、age、marital status, educations, work time, enterprise types, administration department with social ability.
(5) The social ability of working staff of hotels was significantly positive correlated with warmth, emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, rule-consciousness, social boldness, extroversion, perfectionism mental health and specialty achievement, while significantly negative correlated with vigilance, apprehension, self-reliance, tension, openness to change, anxious and the ability of creative. (6) Extroversion, specialty achievement, self-reliance, rule-consciousness can significantly predict the social ability of working staff of hotels. All of these can account for 11.9%-17.2% of difference.
(1)酒店从业人员在兴奋性、敢为性、敏感性与忧虑性人格因素上高于全国正常人平均水平;聪慧性、怀疑性、实验性以及独立性人格因素上,酒店从业人员则显著低于全国常模。
(2)在内向与外向型因素上外向性程度最高;兴奋性、敢为性、持强性以及乐群性也较高;而在独立性、怀疑性和创造力因素上得分较低;初步断定:高外向性、高兴奋性、高敢为性以及较高乐群性、较高持强性、较高敏感性、较低独立性、较低怀疑性是我国酒店从业人员的基本职业人格特征。
(3)酒店从业人员人格的性别差异的显著性表现在,乐群性、持强性、敢为性、内向与外向型、稳定性、忧虑性、有恒性因素上以及感情与安详型、专业成长和成长能力这些次级因素维度上。其他分类变量的差异性表现在个别几个维度上。
(4)酒店从业人员社交能力总体处于中等以上水平。不同的性别、年龄、婚姻状况、受教育程度、工作年限、职位层次以及工作部门的社交能力之间差异没有达到显著水平;社交能力的收入状况差异则达到显著性水平。
(5)酒店从业人员社交能力与乐群性、稳定性、持强性、兴奋性、有恒性、敢为性、自律性、外向性、心理健康因素以及专业成就因素有显著正相关;而与怀疑性、忧虑性、独立性、紧张性、适应与焦虑型以及创造能力因素有显著副相关。
(6)酒店从业人员16PF人格因素对于社交能力的预测作用的显著性表现在外向性因素、专业成就因素、独立性因素与有恒性因素上;它们能够解释社交能力11.9%-17.2%的差异。
Based on the review of precious researches, analysis of open-ended questionnaires, we raised theoretical hypotheses about the relationship between the personality characteristics and social acceptability for the working staff of hotels. Then it came up with examining of their personality characteristics with the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF). Based on the above works, we examined the social acceptability of 273 workers of all. Finally, the data were performed by using statistic method to form research on the correlation between the personality characteristics and social acceptability of working staff of hotels. The results showed as following: (1) Compared with national norms, the scores of the working staff were higher in factors liveliness, social boldness, apprehension, while lower in intellect, vigilance, openness to change, self-reliance. (2) In the introversion and extroversion factors, the introversion factor was the most significant. In addition, following factors had higher scores: liveliness, social boldness, dominance, warmth, while those factors had lower scores, such as: self-reliance, vigilance, creativity. So initial assertion can be made as following: the basic personality characteristics of the working staff of hotels in our nation were highest extroversion, higher liveliness, higher social boldness, higher warmth, high dominance, high sensitivity, low self-reliance, lower vigilance, lowest vigilance. (3) The significant difference of gender in personality showed in the following factors: warmth, dominance, social boldness, introversion and extraversion, emotional stability, apprehension and rule-consciousness. So are those secondary factors such as: feeling and serenity, professional growth and growth ability. The differences of the other classified variables were showed in some other dimensionality.
(4) The social acceptability of the staff were generally at no less than the primary stage. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in gender、age、marital status, educations, work time, enterprise types, administration department with social ability.
(5) The social ability of working staff of hotels was significantly positive correlated with warmth, emotional stability, dominance, liveliness, rule-consciousness, social boldness, extroversion, perfectionism mental health and specialty achievement, while significantly negative correlated with vigilance, apprehension, self-reliance, tension, openness to change, anxious and the ability of creative. (6) Extroversion, specialty achievement, self-reliance, rule-consciousness can significantly predict the social ability of working staff of hotels. All of these can account for 11.9%-17.2% of difference.
引文
[1]简明不列颠百科全书.北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1986,743
[2]中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室编.现代汉语词典.北京:商务印书馆,1983,960
[3]谈炳和,樊富珉.试论人格及人格教育.清华大学教育研究[J],2001(1)
[4]黄希庭著.人格心理学[M].台北:东华书局,1998
[5]彭聃龄主编.普通心理学[M].北京;北京师范大学出版社,2001,426
[6]S.Aguta,R.Graub,J.M.Peir,Competency needs among managers from Spanish hotel and restaurant and their training demands[J].Hospitality Management,2003,(22)
[7]温卫宁等.酒店管理人员专业人才素质观的研究[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,2003,(6).
[8]管婧婧.酒店服务业人力资源情感能力实证研究.现代商贸工业,2008,20(2):117-118.
[9]蒋建武,赵曙明.现代服务业管理者胜任特征研究.软科学,2007,21(6):62-65.
[10]STERNBERG R J.人类智力:模式的启示[J].魏彬,译.心理学动态,1987,(2):1-8
[11]李环.青年学生社交能力评定问卷的编制.安徽师范大学学报(人文社科版),2006,34(3):362-366
[12]刘香毅等.酒店高层管理者胜任力模型的构建--对上海、南京部分酒店的实证研究[J].西南科技大学学报(哲学社会学报),2006,23(6):68-74
[13]王益明.16PF在大学生心理健康诊断中的应用.心理科学[J].1997(20)
[14]樊富珉,王建中.北京大学生心理素质及心理健康研究.清华大学教育研究[J],2002(3)
[15]佘瑞琴,殷荣生.大学生心理状况的调查及对策.山东大学报(哲社版)[J],1999(1),64-67
[16]欧阳辉.某航空院校大学新生心理素质测查分析.沈阳航空工业学院报[J],2001(3)
[17]王铎全.教师之友[M].文汇出版社,1991,175-194
[18]黄车白.医学院学生16PF与家庭教养方式的相关研究.中国全科医学杂志[J],2000,12(6)
[19]丛立新.非智力心理因素对学生学业成就的普遍影响.教育研究[J],1985(4)
[20]吴福元.大学生智力因素与非智力因素与学习成绩关系的研究.教育研究[J],1987(5)
[21]Fisher,Stephen G,Macrosson,W.D.K.,Sharp,Gillian.Further evidence concerning the Belbin Team Role Self-perception Inventory.Personnel Review Fam borough:1996.25(2):61-67
[22]Stephen G.Fisher,W.D.Keith Macrosson,John Wong.Cognitive style and team role preference.Journal of Managerial Psychology Bradford:1998,13(8):544-557
[23]S G Fisher,T A Hunter,W D K Macrosson.Belbin′s team role theory:For non-managers also?.Journal of Managerial Psychology Bradford:2002,17(1):14-20
[24]Fisher,Stephen G,Macrosson,W D Keith.Early influences on management team roles.Journal of Managerial Psychology Bradford:1995,10(7)
[25]Giles St J Burch,Neil Anderson.Measuring person-team fit:development and validation of the team seletion inventory,Journal of Managerial Psychology Bradford:2004,19(4):406-426
[26]Malgorzata Kopacz.Personality and Music Preferences:The Influence of Personality Traits on Preferences Regarding Musical Elements.Journal of Music Therapy Silver Spring:Fall 2005.,42(3):216-239
[27]钟慧,李鸣.大学生的心理控制源、社交能力及其与情绪的关系.上海精神医学[J],2004,1(16)
[28]任宏伟.中等职业学校计算机课程合作学习实验研究.河北师范大学硕士毕业论文,2004.
[29]Jone P.Robinson等主编,杨中芳校订.性格与社会心理测量总览(上).台北:远流出版股份事业有限公司,1997,183
[30]Day D,Silverman S.Personality and job performance:Evidence of incremental validity.Personnel Psychology,1989,42:25-36
[31]程嘉锡,陈国鹏.16PF第五版在中国应用的信度与效度研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2006,14(1):13-16
[32]王益明.16PF在大学生心理健康诊断中的应用[J].心理科学,1997,20(2):156-157
[33]许金龙,刘海涛.论儒家的中庸之道及其现代价值[J].沈阳师范大学学报(社会科学版),2005,29(1):54-56
[34]Chang-Kook Yang,Byeong-Moo Choe,Matthew Baity,Jeong-Hyeong Lee,Jin-Seok Cho.SCL-90-R and 16PF Profiles of Senior High School Students With Excessive Internet Use.Canadian Journal of Psychiatry Jun 2005,50(7):407-414
[35]Brenda C.Seal.Psychological Testing of Sign Language Interpreters.Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education Cary:Winter 2004,9(1):39
[36]N.Konareva,V.B.Pavlenko.Measuring-off of Time Intervals:Correlations Between Peculiarities of Their Estimation and Parameters of EEG Phenomena,and Influence of the Subjects′Personality Features.New York:Neurophysiology:,2002,34(6):421
[37]Ezra N Mlonzi,D J W Strumpfer.Antonovsky′s Sense of Coherence Scale and 16PF Second-Order Factors.Social Behavior and Personality Palmerston North:1998,26(1):39
[38]Christiansen,Neil D,Goffin,Richard D,Johnston,Norman G,Rothstein,Mitchell G.Correcting the 16PF for faking:Effects on criterion-related.Personnel Psychology Durham,1994,47(4):847
[39]Schuerger,James M.The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire and Its Junior Versions.Journal of Counseling and Development:JCD Alexandria,1992,71(2):231
[40]卡特尔.16种个性因素问卷手册中国修订本[M].北京:北京师范大学辅仁应用心理发展中心印,1993
[41]祝蓓里,戴忠恒.卡氏16种人格因素中国常模的修订[J].心理科学通讯,1988,(6):14-18
[2]中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室编.现代汉语词典.北京:商务印书馆,1983,960
[3]谈炳和,樊富珉.试论人格及人格教育.清华大学教育研究[J],2001(1)
[4]黄希庭著.人格心理学[M].台北:东华书局,1998
[5]彭聃龄主编.普通心理学[M].北京;北京师范大学出版社,2001,426
[6]S.Aguta,R.Graub,J.M.Peir,Competency needs among managers from Spanish hotel and restaurant and their training demands[J].Hospitality Management,2003,(22)
[7]温卫宁等.酒店管理人员专业人才素质观的研究[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,2003,(6).
[8]管婧婧.酒店服务业人力资源情感能力实证研究.现代商贸工业,2008,20(2):117-118.
[9]蒋建武,赵曙明.现代服务业管理者胜任特征研究.软科学,2007,21(6):62-65.
[10]STERNBERG R J.人类智力:模式的启示[J].魏彬,译.心理学动态,1987,(2):1-8
[11]李环.青年学生社交能力评定问卷的编制.安徽师范大学学报(人文社科版),2006,34(3):362-366
[12]刘香毅等.酒店高层管理者胜任力模型的构建--对上海、南京部分酒店的实证研究[J].西南科技大学学报(哲学社会学报),2006,23(6):68-74
[13]王益明.16PF在大学生心理健康诊断中的应用.心理科学[J].1997(20)
[14]樊富珉,王建中.北京大学生心理素质及心理健康研究.清华大学教育研究[J],2002(3)
[15]佘瑞琴,殷荣生.大学生心理状况的调查及对策.山东大学报(哲社版)[J],1999(1),64-67
[16]欧阳辉.某航空院校大学新生心理素质测查分析.沈阳航空工业学院报[J],2001(3)
[17]王铎全.教师之友[M].文汇出版社,1991,175-194
[18]黄车白.医学院学生16PF与家庭教养方式的相关研究.中国全科医学杂志[J],2000,12(6)
[19]丛立新.非智力心理因素对学生学业成就的普遍影响.教育研究[J],1985(4)
[20]吴福元.大学生智力因素与非智力因素与学习成绩关系的研究.教育研究[J],1987(5)
[21]Fisher,Stephen G,Macrosson,W.D.K.,Sharp,Gillian.Further evidence concerning the Belbin Team Role Self-perception Inventory.Personnel Review Fam borough:1996.25(2):61-67
[22]Stephen G.Fisher,W.D.Keith Macrosson,John Wong.Cognitive style and team role preference.Journal of Managerial Psychology Bradford:1998,13(8):544-557
[23]S G Fisher,T A Hunter,W D K Macrosson.Belbin′s team role theory:For non-managers also?.Journal of Managerial Psychology Bradford:2002,17(1):14-20
[24]Fisher,Stephen G,Macrosson,W D Keith.Early influences on management team roles.Journal of Managerial Psychology Bradford:1995,10(7)
[25]Giles St J Burch,Neil Anderson.Measuring person-team fit:development and validation of the team seletion inventory,Journal of Managerial Psychology Bradford:2004,19(4):406-426
[26]Malgorzata Kopacz.Personality and Music Preferences:The Influence of Personality Traits on Preferences Regarding Musical Elements.Journal of Music Therapy Silver Spring:Fall 2005.,42(3):216-239
[27]钟慧,李鸣.大学生的心理控制源、社交能力及其与情绪的关系.上海精神医学[J],2004,1(16)
[28]任宏伟.中等职业学校计算机课程合作学习实验研究.河北师范大学硕士毕业论文,2004.
[29]Jone P.Robinson等主编,杨中芳校订.性格与社会心理测量总览(上).台北:远流出版股份事业有限公司,1997,183
[30]Day D,Silverman S.Personality and job performance:Evidence of incremental validity.Personnel Psychology,1989,42:25-36
[31]程嘉锡,陈国鹏.16PF第五版在中国应用的信度与效度研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2006,14(1):13-16
[32]王益明.16PF在大学生心理健康诊断中的应用[J].心理科学,1997,20(2):156-157
[33]许金龙,刘海涛.论儒家的中庸之道及其现代价值[J].沈阳师范大学学报(社会科学版),2005,29(1):54-56
[34]Chang-Kook Yang,Byeong-Moo Choe,Matthew Baity,Jeong-Hyeong Lee,Jin-Seok Cho.SCL-90-R and 16PF Profiles of Senior High School Students With Excessive Internet Use.Canadian Journal of Psychiatry Jun 2005,50(7):407-414
[35]Brenda C.Seal.Psychological Testing of Sign Language Interpreters.Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education Cary:Winter 2004,9(1):39
[36]N.Konareva,V.B.Pavlenko.Measuring-off of Time Intervals:Correlations Between Peculiarities of Their Estimation and Parameters of EEG Phenomena,and Influence of the Subjects′Personality Features.New York:Neurophysiology:,2002,34(6):421
[37]Ezra N Mlonzi,D J W Strumpfer.Antonovsky′s Sense of Coherence Scale and 16PF Second-Order Factors.Social Behavior and Personality Palmerston North:1998,26(1):39
[38]Christiansen,Neil D,Goffin,Richard D,Johnston,Norman G,Rothstein,Mitchell G.Correcting the 16PF for faking:Effects on criterion-related.Personnel Psychology Durham,1994,47(4):847
[39]Schuerger,James M.The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire and Its Junior Versions.Journal of Counseling and Development:JCD Alexandria,1992,71(2):231
[40]卡特尔.16种个性因素问卷手册中国修订本[M].北京:北京师范大学辅仁应用心理发展中心印,1993
[41]祝蓓里,戴忠恒.卡氏16种人格因素中国常模的修订[J].心理科学通讯,1988,(6):14-18