酒店服务业价值创新理论及实证研究
|
摘要
随着服务经济时代的来临,服务业在国民经济中的比重已成为衡量一个国家经济发展水平的重要指标,我国十二五规划国内生产总值年均增长7%,2015年服务业增加值比重增加4个百分点将达到47%,作为服务业的主要领域——酒店业必将得到加速发展,1999年到2010年我国酒店业每年投资额从78亿元上涨到1280亿元,年均增长36%,2000年到2010年国内五星级酒店年投资额增长高达361%,根据联合国世界旅游组织的数据,中国酒店市场规模到2025年将超过美国,到2039年将增长近一倍。随着世界经济发展、消费者需求改变以及竞争形式变化,我国酒店业的生存与发展面临着新的全球性挑战,跨国酒店品牌纷纷进入国内并占居强势地位,2008年至2010年三年新开国际品牌酒店超过前20年。但我国酒店服务业在国民经济发展中的重要地位和规模、档次不断提高的背景下,国内酒店服务业发展却存在严重的不足,2009年全国星级饭店亏损12亿,严重影响了我国酒店业的良性发展,我国酒店服务业唯有不断创新,发挥特色优势,提升服务产品价值,才能促进酒店服务业的良性发展。
本文立足酒店服务业,研究运用产业经济学、管理学、价值链理论和服务创新学等相关理论,构建国内酒店服务业价值创新理论,包括酒店服务业价值创新现状分析、酒店服务业价值创新维度与模式、价值创新能力评价、价值创新风险与应对,最后探讨了理论应用实例,本文为有效提高酒店服务业的核心竞争力,促进我国酒店服务业的持续良性发展提供了理论与实践指导。
论文主要分为以下七个部分：
(1)绪论。对国内外相关研究现状进行概括评述,提出服务业创新与价值增值的研究意义、目标、研究内容及研究方法等。
(2)酒店服务业价值创新理论构建。以价值增值和创新理论为理论基础,分析了酒店服务业创新与价值增值的内在联系,从酒店服务业结构性差异与价值创新能力、价值创新维度与模式、价值创新能力评价与风险分析四个方面构建酒店服务业价值创新理论框架,本章为后文提供了理论分析框架。
(3)酒店服务业价值创新现状分析。借鉴国外酒店服务业发展经验,分析我国酒店服务业发展环境。从我国酒店服务业省域规模、收入、效益三方面,选取省域酒店数量、从业人数、客房收入、餐费收入、资产总额、固定资产、主营业务收入、主营业务利润共八项指标进行主成分和聚类分析,评价省域酒店服务业价值创新的基础差异,以分类指导酒店服务业价值创新的差异化发展。
(4)酒店服务业价值创新维度与模式。阐述酒店服务业价值创新的环境维度、投入维度、产出维度,并在此基础上以酒店服务业创新的价值链导向提出酒店服务业价值创新的驱动模式、维度模式、参与者模式。
(5)酒店服务业价值创新能力评价。基于酒店服务业价值创新指标选取原则方法,构建了酒店服务业价值创新评价指标体系,并应用模糊综合评价方法进行评价。
(6)酒店服务业价值创新的风险分析。从内外部分析了酒店服务业价值创新过程中存在的风险,并提出酒店服务业价值创新过程面临风险的预警方法。
(7)理论应用。以石家庄国际大厦酒店为例,分析国大酒店的价值创新导向,价值创新维度,价值创新管理流程及价值创新评价。
本文创新点主要体现在：
(1)系统提出了酒店服务业的价值创新理论体系。包含了酒店服务业的价值创新内涵、价值创新维度与模式,以及酒店服务业价值创新能力的评价指标体系和风险防范体系。
(2)构建了酒店服务业价值创新维度与创新模式选择。阐述酒店服务业价值创新的环境维度、投入维度、产出维度,并在此基础上以酒店服务业创新的价值链导向提出酒店服务业价值创新的驱动模式、维度模式、参与者模式。
(3)构建了酒店服务业价值创新评价指标体系和酒店服务业价值创新风险分析与应对方法。从顾客价值及酒店内外环境三方面构建了酒店服务业的价值创新能力评价指标与评价方法,并从顾客价值及酒店内外环境三方面为酒店服务业价值创新过程中的风险有效规避和应对提供对策建议。
With the coming of service economy, the proportion of service industry in the national economy has become an important indicator for measuring of a country's economic development level. The rapid development of the services sector and tourism promote the accelerated development of the hotel industry. In Twelve Five-Year Plan the average annual GDP growth is7%and the proportion of sevices added value increase by4percentage points to47%in2015. China's hotel industry from1999to2010the annual investment rose from7.8billion yuan to128billion yuan, an average annual growth of36%. Domestic five-star hotel from2000to2010the annual investment growth will be up to361%. According to the data of the United Nations World Tourism Organization, China's hotel market size in2025will surpass the United States; will nearly double by2039.With the development of the world economy, changes in consumer demand and competitive changes in the form of the hotel industry is facing new global challenges. These new developments and the competitive situation to the survival and development of China's hotel industry have brought new pressure. The international hotel brand occupies a strong position in the domestic hotel service, international brand hotels newly opened beyond the previous20years from2008to2010. The important position of the hotel services industry in national economic development and the shortcomings in the domestic hotel service industry has formed a strong contrast, which impacts seriously on the sound development of China's hotel industry. A total profit of Star hotel was1.2billion losses in2009. The only way to promote the sound development of the hotel service industry is by continuously innovation, playing characteristic advantages, and improving the value of the service product.
Based on hotel services industry, the dissertation uses economics,management and innovation and other related theories, analyzes hospitality industry innovation models and the pathes to enhance the service value, and to guide practice. It explores how to effectively improve the core competitiveness capabilities of the hospitality industry, which contribute to the positive development of China hotel sevice industry. It has important theoretical and practical significance while theoretical research about hotel service industry value promotion has not yet started systematically.
The dissertation is divided into the following sections:
(1) To summarize the related domestic and foreign research, point out the research significance, objectives, contents and research methods.
(2) Construction of value innovation theory of the hotel service industry. Taked the value improvement and innovation theory as the theoretical basis, it states the internal relations of hotel sevice innovation and value improvement, and constructs the theoretical framework, from the hotel service industry development environment and capabilities,value innovative dimensions and models, innovation capacity evaluation and risk analysis.
(3) Present Situation Analysis on the hospitality industry value innovation, which including the current situation of China's hotel industry development, the opportunities and challenges, and the main problems. The meso-level hotel service industry developing capability evaluation shows that scale structure of the hotel service innovation, revenue structure, and benefit structure three-dimensional, two aspects of the hotel ownership type and provincial location of hotel service innovation structure evaluation. It constructs the number of province hotels, number of employees, room revenue, meals, income, total assets, fixed assets, the main business income, main business profit of eight indicators and with principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The conclusion is that Guangdong, Beijing, Zhejiang, Jiangsu province, Shandong province, and Shanghai, Henan hotel service developing capabilities takes more advantages.
(4) Innovation dimensions and models of hotel service industry based on value innovation. It concluded the improvement dimensions of customer experience from innovation input, output, and environment. On this basis, inovation models of hotel service industry, Oriented by the value chain, was divided into drive mode, dimensions mode, and participants mode.
(5) Evaluation of hotel service industry value innovation. It constructed selection principles of innovation capability of hotel service industry, fuzzy judgment matrix of the hotel services innovation ability index by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.
(6) Risk analysis of hotel service industry value innovation. It analyzed the risks from inside and outside the hotel service industry value innovation, and put forward risk warning ways of it.
(7) Empirical analysis on hotel service industry value innovation based on international hotel of Shijiazhuang. It analyzed the development leading, value innovation dimensions and process management, and innovation ability evaluation for value innovation of the hotel service industry.
There are three innovation points in this dissertation:
(1) It has put forward the innovation dimensions and models of hotel service industry based on the value improvement by integrated use of system theory and the value chain theory. It concluded the improvement dimensions of customer experience from innovation input, output, and environment. On this basis, inovation models of hotel service industry, Oriented by the value chain, was divided into drive mode, dimensions mode, and participants mode.
(2) The dissertation constructed the index system of hotel service industry innovation capability from customer value, inside and outside environment, and evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, with factor analysis on the green hotel service value innovation.
(3) It put forward the risk factors source and risk warning of hotel service industry based on the value innovation, for the reference of risks avoidance and response effective during the process of innovation in hotel service industry.
本文立足酒店服务业,研究运用产业经济学、管理学、价值链理论和服务创新学等相关理论,构建国内酒店服务业价值创新理论,包括酒店服务业价值创新现状分析、酒店服务业价值创新维度与模式、价值创新能力评价、价值创新风险与应对,最后探讨了理论应用实例,本文为有效提高酒店服务业的核心竞争力,促进我国酒店服务业的持续良性发展提供了理论与实践指导。
论文主要分为以下七个部分：
(1)绪论。对国内外相关研究现状进行概括评述,提出服务业创新与价值增值的研究意义、目标、研究内容及研究方法等。
(2)酒店服务业价值创新理论构建。以价值增值和创新理论为理论基础,分析了酒店服务业创新与价值增值的内在联系,从酒店服务业结构性差异与价值创新能力、价值创新维度与模式、价值创新能力评价与风险分析四个方面构建酒店服务业价值创新理论框架,本章为后文提供了理论分析框架。
(3)酒店服务业价值创新现状分析。借鉴国外酒店服务业发展经验,分析我国酒店服务业发展环境。从我国酒店服务业省域规模、收入、效益三方面,选取省域酒店数量、从业人数、客房收入、餐费收入、资产总额、固定资产、主营业务收入、主营业务利润共八项指标进行主成分和聚类分析,评价省域酒店服务业价值创新的基础差异,以分类指导酒店服务业价值创新的差异化发展。
(4)酒店服务业价值创新维度与模式。阐述酒店服务业价值创新的环境维度、投入维度、产出维度,并在此基础上以酒店服务业创新的价值链导向提出酒店服务业价值创新的驱动模式、维度模式、参与者模式。
(5)酒店服务业价值创新能力评价。基于酒店服务业价值创新指标选取原则方法,构建了酒店服务业价值创新评价指标体系,并应用模糊综合评价方法进行评价。
(6)酒店服务业价值创新的风险分析。从内外部分析了酒店服务业价值创新过程中存在的风险,并提出酒店服务业价值创新过程面临风险的预警方法。
(7)理论应用。以石家庄国际大厦酒店为例,分析国大酒店的价值创新导向,价值创新维度,价值创新管理流程及价值创新评价。
本文创新点主要体现在：
(1)系统提出了酒店服务业的价值创新理论体系。包含了酒店服务业的价值创新内涵、价值创新维度与模式,以及酒店服务业价值创新能力的评价指标体系和风险防范体系。
(2)构建了酒店服务业价值创新维度与创新模式选择。阐述酒店服务业价值创新的环境维度、投入维度、产出维度,并在此基础上以酒店服务业创新的价值链导向提出酒店服务业价值创新的驱动模式、维度模式、参与者模式。
(3)构建了酒店服务业价值创新评价指标体系和酒店服务业价值创新风险分析与应对方法。从顾客价值及酒店内外环境三方面构建了酒店服务业的价值创新能力评价指标与评价方法,并从顾客价值及酒店内外环境三方面为酒店服务业价值创新过程中的风险有效规避和应对提供对策建议。
With the coming of service economy, the proportion of service industry in the national economy has become an important indicator for measuring of a country's economic development level. The rapid development of the services sector and tourism promote the accelerated development of the hotel industry. In Twelve Five-Year Plan the average annual GDP growth is7%and the proportion of sevices added value increase by4percentage points to47%in2015. China's hotel industry from1999to2010the annual investment rose from7.8billion yuan to128billion yuan, an average annual growth of36%. Domestic five-star hotel from2000to2010the annual investment growth will be up to361%. According to the data of the United Nations World Tourism Organization, China's hotel market size in2025will surpass the United States; will nearly double by2039.With the development of the world economy, changes in consumer demand and competitive changes in the form of the hotel industry is facing new global challenges. These new developments and the competitive situation to the survival and development of China's hotel industry have brought new pressure. The international hotel brand occupies a strong position in the domestic hotel service, international brand hotels newly opened beyond the previous20years from2008to2010. The important position of the hotel services industry in national economic development and the shortcomings in the domestic hotel service industry has formed a strong contrast, which impacts seriously on the sound development of China's hotel industry. A total profit of Star hotel was1.2billion losses in2009. The only way to promote the sound development of the hotel service industry is by continuously innovation, playing characteristic advantages, and improving the value of the service product.
Based on hotel services industry, the dissertation uses economics,management and innovation and other related theories, analyzes hospitality industry innovation models and the pathes to enhance the service value, and to guide practice. It explores how to effectively improve the core competitiveness capabilities of the hospitality industry, which contribute to the positive development of China hotel sevice industry. It has important theoretical and practical significance while theoretical research about hotel service industry value promotion has not yet started systematically.
The dissertation is divided into the following sections:
(1) To summarize the related domestic and foreign research, point out the research significance, objectives, contents and research methods.
(2) Construction of value innovation theory of the hotel service industry. Taked the value improvement and innovation theory as the theoretical basis, it states the internal relations of hotel sevice innovation and value improvement, and constructs the theoretical framework, from the hotel service industry development environment and capabilities,value innovative dimensions and models, innovation capacity evaluation and risk analysis.
(3) Present Situation Analysis on the hospitality industry value innovation, which including the current situation of China's hotel industry development, the opportunities and challenges, and the main problems. The meso-level hotel service industry developing capability evaluation shows that scale structure of the hotel service innovation, revenue structure, and benefit structure three-dimensional, two aspects of the hotel ownership type and provincial location of hotel service innovation structure evaluation. It constructs the number of province hotels, number of employees, room revenue, meals, income, total assets, fixed assets, the main business income, main business profit of eight indicators and with principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The conclusion is that Guangdong, Beijing, Zhejiang, Jiangsu province, Shandong province, and Shanghai, Henan hotel service developing capabilities takes more advantages.
(4) Innovation dimensions and models of hotel service industry based on value innovation. It concluded the improvement dimensions of customer experience from innovation input, output, and environment. On this basis, inovation models of hotel service industry, Oriented by the value chain, was divided into drive mode, dimensions mode, and participants mode.
(5) Evaluation of hotel service industry value innovation. It constructed selection principles of innovation capability of hotel service industry, fuzzy judgment matrix of the hotel services innovation ability index by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.
(6) Risk analysis of hotel service industry value innovation. It analyzed the risks from inside and outside the hotel service industry value innovation, and put forward risk warning ways of it.
(7) Empirical analysis on hotel service industry value innovation based on international hotel of Shijiazhuang. It analyzed the development leading, value innovation dimensions and process management, and innovation ability evaluation for value innovation of the hotel service industry.
There are three innovation points in this dissertation:
(1) It has put forward the innovation dimensions and models of hotel service industry based on the value improvement by integrated use of system theory and the value chain theory. It concluded the improvement dimensions of customer experience from innovation input, output, and environment. On this basis, inovation models of hotel service industry, Oriented by the value chain, was divided into drive mode, dimensions mode, and participants mode.
(2) The dissertation constructed the index system of hotel service industry innovation capability from customer value, inside and outside environment, and evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, with factor analysis on the green hotel service value innovation.
(3) It put forward the risk factors source and risk warning of hotel service industry based on the value innovation, for the reference of risks avoidance and response effective during the process of innovation in hotel service industry.
引文
[1]张春林.服务创新在经济型酒店中的应用[J].中山大学研究生学刊(社会科学版),2009(02).
[2]甘颖.探索体验经济时代的酒店经营创新[J].重庆电子工程职业学院学报,2009(03)
[3]饶雪梅,张萍.经济型酒店的企业文化构建与文化营销策略[J].经济师,2009(07)
[4]安菲.析全面质量管理在酒店业的创新应用[J].经营管理者,2009(06).
[5]戴婷,黄震,杨彬.企业边界扩展与主题酒店经营管理创新[J].商场现代化,2009(11)
[6]唐颖.民营单体酒店的子品牌策略[J].商场现代化,2010(09)
[7]许春晓,邹剑.酒店员工知识共享对服务创新的影响研究[J].旅游学刊,2010(11)
[8]蒋长春.体验经济提升酒店产品价值的探讨[J].武汉职业技术学院学报,2005,(05)
[9]刘静艳.从“蓝海战略”反思本土经济型酒店的价值创新[J].旅游科学,2007,(01)
[10]张超.酒店品牌资产管理研究[J].经济师,2008,(08)
[11]李琮.基于顾客“体验”的经济型酒店品牌价值创新策略[J].河南理工大学学报,2009,(01).
[12]余惠清.借力体育营销快速提升酒店的品牌价值[J].体育学刊,2008,(01)
[13]王红国,刘国华.酒店品牌资产及其增值路径[J].理论月刊,2007,(08)
[14]李樵.创造顾客价值,提升酒店业的竞争力[J].经营与管理,2009,(02)
[15]宋福丽.经济型酒店顾客感知价值影响因素分析[J].浙江旅游职业学院学报,2010,(01).
[16]黄茜.基于顾客价值的酒店服务营销策略研究[J].湖北经济学院学报,2010,(07).
[17]伍新蕾.经济型酒店客户价值评价模型构建探析[J].现代商贸工业,2010,(04).
[18]李勇.酒店改造中的价值工程应用[J].价值工程,2008,(03).
[19]刘芳.价值工程在我国经济型酒店中的应用研究[J].价值工程,2008,(08).
[20]郝芳.价值工程在饭店营销策略中的应用[J].长江大学学报,2010,(01).
[21]李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M].商务印书馆,1976.
[22]仇德辉.统一价值论[M].中国科学技术出版社,1998.
[23]爱德华·内尔.马克思经济学中的价值与资本[M].上海译文出版社,1985：239-244.
[24]谢富胜,方卫东.经济分析史(第2卷)[M].商务印书馆,1996：18-19.
[25]陈征等.评介部分国外学者对资本论的研究[M].福建人民出版社,1986.
[26]谢富胜,方卫东.劳动价值论综述[J].教学与研究,2002(02).
[27]仇德辉.统一价值论[M].中国科学技术出版社,1998.
[28]马歇尔.经济学原理(中文版上册)[M].商务印书馆,1979：97-98.
[29]萨缪尔逊.经济学(中文版上册)[M].商务印书馆,1979：73.
[30]萨缪尔逊.宏观经济学(第16版)中文版上册[M].华夏出版社,1999：26.
[31]晏智杰.略论经济学价值论的研究对象和层次[J].经济科学,2001,02.
[32]路易斯·凯尔索,莫铁麦·杰阿德.资本家宣言[M].上海人民出版社,1961：53-54.
[33]张晋光.全面认识企业无形资本价值的决定因素[J].商业时代,2004,08.
[34]李海舰,冯丽.企业价值来源及其理论研究[J].中国工业经济,2004,03.
[35]王化成尹美群.价值链模式下价值创造的要素体系研究[J].管理世界,2005,03.
[36]威廉·大内.z理论：美国企业界怎样迎接日本的挑战,中译本[M].中国社会科学出版社,1984.
[37]Edgar.H.Sehein. Organizational Culture and Leadership.2nd ed.(SanFraneisco CA: Jossey-Bass,1992):16-48.
[38]Terrenee.E.Deal, Allan.A.Kennedy.Corporatione Cultures:the Rites and Ritual of Corporate Life, Addison-wesley,2000:210-241.
[39]Kotte J, P., andJ.L.Heskett. CorPorate Culture and Performance. New York:Free Press,1992.
[40]Edgar.H.Schein.The Role of the Founde in Creating Organizational Culture.Organizational Dynamies (Summer 1985):13-28.
[41]Edgar.H.Sehein, Organizational Culture and Leadership,2nd ed.(SanFraneisco CA:Jossey-Bass,1992):16-48.
[42]Kotte J, P., andJ.L.Heskett. Corporate Culture and Performance. New York:Free Press,1992.
[43]赵曙明.中日美欧企业文化比较及跨文化管理[J].管理世界,1993(6).
[44]贾春峰.文化力[M].人民出版社,1995.
[45]刘兴国,左静.知识经济条件下的企业文化分析[J].企业经济,2002(12).
[46]潘宇,周利军,刘艳,赵平,张恒发.企业文化是增加企业价值的关键驱动力[J].国外油田工程,2004(02)第20卷.
[47]刘元芳.企业发展两大驱动力：企业文化与技术创新[J].福建论坛(人文社会科学版),2005(12).
[48]成斯利.深化企业文化建设提升企业核心竞争力[J].胜利油田师范专科学校学报,2005年(01)第19卷.
[49]梁琳娜.如何利用优秀文化提升企业核心竞争力[J].商业时代,2006(32).
[50]吴健.创新企业文化提升企业竞争力[J].山西建筑,2007(05)第33卷.
[51]杨雪梅.商业银行组织创新机制理论与实证研究[D].浙江大学,2004.
[52]何山.产品创新平台理论与方法研究[D].武汉理工大学,2003.
[53]Edwards, Tim. Organisational innovation- Developments towards an interactive process perspective [J]. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management,12(4),445-464,2000.
[54]Claudia Werker. knowledge and organizaion strategies in innovation systems [J].international journal of innovation management,5(1),2001.
[55]Loutfy, R., Belkhir, L. Managing innovation at Xerox [J].Research Technology Management, Vol.44 No.4, pp.15-24,2001.
[56]Carl Shapiro. Competition Policy and Innovation[J].OECD Science,2002. Technology and Industry Working Papers 2002/11, OECD Directorate for Science. Technology and Industry,
[57]Romijn, Henny & Albaladejo, Manuel. Determinants of innovation capability in small electronics and software firms in southeast England [J].Research Policy, Elsevier, vol.31 (7), pages 1053-1067, September,2002.
[58]Kash D E, Rycroft R. Emerging patterns of complex technological innovation [J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, (29):581-606,2002.
[59]Rogers, E. The Diffusion of Innovation,5th ed [M]. The Free Press, New York, NY, 2003.
[60]C.Werker.Innovation, market performance, and competition:Lessons from a product life cycle model [J]. Technovation,23:281-290,2003.
[61]F.J.H.M. Verhees and M.T.G. Meulenberg. Market ori-entation, innovativeness, product innovation, and per-formance in small firms[J].Journal of Small Business Management 42(2), 2004:134-154.
[62]M. Subramaniam and M.A. Youndt. The influence of intellectual capital on the types of innovative capabilities[J].Academy of Management Journal 48(3),2005:450-463.
[63]Leiponen. Organization of knowledge and innovation:the case of Finnish business services[J]. Industry and In-novation 12(2),2005:185-203.
[64]H.J. Cho and V. Pucik. Relationship between innovation, quality, growth, profitability, and market value[J]. Strategic Management Journal 26(6),2005:555-575.
[65]Peters, Bettina (2005), Persistence of Innovation:Stylised Facts and Panel Data Evidence[J]. ZEW Discussion Paper No.05-81, Mannheim.
[66]B. Menguc and S. Auh. Creating a firm-level dynamic capability through capitalizing on market orientation and innovativeness[J]. Academy of Marketing Science 34(1),2006:63-73.
[67]Griffith, R., E. Huergo, J. Mairesse and Bettina Peters, Innovation and Productivity Across Four European Countries[J].NBER Working Paper W12722, Cambridge/Mass,2006.
[68]Chun-Chung Chen, Lu-Jui Chen, and Wen-Ruey Lee. Strategic Capabilities, Innovation Intensity, and Performance of Service Firms[J]. Academy of International Business (AIB) Forty-Nine Annual Meeting, June:25-28,2007, Indianapolis, IN., U.S.A.:Academy of International Business (AIB).
[69]乔治·戴,保罗·休梅克,沃顿.论新兴技术管理[M].华夏出版社,2002.
[70]Friedrich List.The National System of Political Economy[M].LongmansGreen, and Co.London.1909.Translated 1885 from German.First published:1841:]-10.
[71](美)约瑟夫·熊彼特.熊彼特经济发展理论[M].北京市：中国长安出版社,2009：68经济发展理论Schumpeter, J.A.The Theory of Economic Development[M].Transaction Publishers.1982.1:25-40.
[72]傅家骥,仝允桓,高建等.技术创新学[M].清华大学出版社,1998：13-31,343-351.
[73]F Gallouj. Innovation in services[J]. Research policy,1997.12:537-556
[74]Bilderbeek R, Hertog P D. Conceptualizing (service) Innovation and The Knowledge Flow Between and Their client[R]. The results of S14S Topic Paper 11.s14s project,1998:5.
[75]Nathan Rosenberg. An overview of innovation. Washington DC[M].National Academy Press.KLINE S,1986:275-305.
[76]Gatignon, H., Tushman, M. L., Smith, W., & Anderson, P. A structural approach to assessing innovation:Construct development of innovation locus, type, and characteristics[J]. Management Science,2002(48),9.
[77]范柏乃.区域技术创新研究的一个新视角[M].机械工业出版社,2003,10.
[78]Carl P.Carl ucci.Technical innovations in publie sector organizations:A model adoption and imp I ementation[J].Academy of Management Review,2002(5).
[79]Miller, D.and Friesen, P.H.Innovation in conservative and entrepreneurial firms:two models of Strategic momentum[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1982(3).
[80]Lumpkin, G.T.and Dess, G.Clarifying the entrepreneurial rientation construct and linking it to performance[J].Academy of Management Review,1996(21), I.
[81]彼德·德鲁克.创新与企业家精神[M].企业管理出版社,1989.
[82]Horst Albach.Culture and Technical Innovat ion[J]. Academy of Sciences and Technology, 2001(7).
[83]远德玉等.企业技术创新概说[M].东北大学出版社,1997：32.
[84]陈文化.腾飞之路—技术创新论[M].湖南大学出版社,1999：136.
[85]张建华.创新理论研究的新进展[J].经济学动态,1997(7).
[86]项保华.我国企业技术创新动力机制研究[J].科研管理,1994(1)：44-49.
[87]万君康,王开明.论技术创新的动力机制与期望理论[J].科研管理,1997(2)：31-35.
[88]许小东.技术创新内驱动力机制模式研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2002(3)：76-78.
[89]工海山.技术创新动力机制的理论模式[J].科学技术与辩证法,1992(6)：22-27.
[90]谢薇.技术创新动力机制的E-E模式[J].软科学,1997(1)：21-23.
[91]傅家骥.技术创新—中国企业发展之路[J].企业管理出版社,1992.
[92]张永谦,郭强.技术创新的理论与政策[M].中山大学出版社,1999：107-108,323-335.
[93]王彬彬.自主创新的动力系统研究[J].当代经理人(中旬刊),2006(21).
[94]陈劲,谢芳,贾丽娜.企业集团内部协同创新机理研究[J].管理学报,2006(6).
[95]许庆瑞,谢章澍,杨志蓉.企业技术与制度创新协同的动态分析[J].科研管理,2006(4).
[96]李垣,张宸璐,方润生.企业自主创新动力因素研究[J].成组技术与生产现代化,2007(2).
[97]王慧；康璞；企业技术创新能力评价指标体系设计研究[J].统计与信息论坛,2008,(05).
[98]尹建海,杨建华.基于加强型平衡记分法的企业技术创新绩效评价指标体系研究[J].科研管理,2008(01).
[99]刘宗葆,彭艳.基于技术创新能力的高科技产业竞争力基本要素指标分析[J].知识经济,2008,(01).
[100]柳飞红,傅利平基于FAHP的企业技术创新能力评价指标权重的确定[J].统计与信息论坛,2009,(02).
[101]刘中文,姜小冉,张序萍.我国区域技术创新能力评价指标体系及模型构建[J].技术经济与管理研究,2009,(01).
[102]田依林.企业技术创新能力评价指标体系模型研究[J].科技管理研究,2009,(07).
[103]徐新,高山行.基于建立测量指标的自主技术创新构念研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2009,(09).
[104]史宝娟.企业技术创新风险指标体系设计及关键因素识别[J].河北理工大学学报(社会科学版),2010(02)
[105]葛红岩,刘晨书洋.企业技术创新动力的评价指标体系研究[J].未来与发展,2010(06).
[106]Bowen H K, Clark K B, Holloway C A. et al. Development projects:The engine of renewal [J].Harvard Business Review,1994(72),5:110-120.
[107]刘瑞俊.产品创新模式研究[D].天津工业大学,2002.
[108]Rothwell R, Freeman C, Ilorsley A, et al.SAHHO updated:Project SAHHO phase 11[J].Research Policy.1974,3:258-791.
[109]Rothwell R.Factors for success in industrial innovation:A comparative study of Success&failure in industrial innoration[M].Brighton, UK:Science Policy Research Unite, University of Sussex,1976.
[110]OECD, National Innovation Systems [R]. http://www.oecd.org,1997:7.
[111]许庆瑞.研究、发展与技术创新管理[M].高等教育出版社,2000.
[112]傅家骥,仝允桓,高建等.技术创新学[M].清华大学出版社,1998：13-31,343-351.
[113]胡树华.产品创新管理[M].科学出版社,2000.
[114]Robert G. Cooper. Winning at New Products[M].Massachusetts:Addision-Wesley Publishing Company, Second Eidition,1993.
[115]Polk R, Plank R E, Reid D A.Technical risk and new product success:An empirical test in high technology business markets[J].Inelustrial Marketing Management,1996,25:531-543.
[116]Griffin A, Page A L.PDMA Success measurement project:Recommended measures for product development success and failure[J].e Journal of Product Innovation Management,1996, 13(6):478-496.
[117]Brown S L, Eisenhardt K M. Product development:Past research, present findings and future directions [J]. Academy of Management Review,1995,20 (2):343-379.
[118]Mike Hobday.Product complexity, innovation and industrial organization[J].Research Policy,26(1998):689-710.
[119]Davies.The life cycle of a complex product system[J].International Journal of Management, 3(3).
[120]陈劲.复杂产品系统的技术开发模式[J].研究与发展管理,2004(05).
[121]缪小明,凌雯雯.基于产业集群理论的复杂产品创新研究[J].中国科技论坛,2005(09).
[122]中元月.产品创新最佳周期选择模型在创新加速化风险防范中的应用[J].山东大学学报(理学版),2005(02).
[123]胡树华.产品创新管理[M].科学出版社,1999.
[124]管顺丰.产品创新管理理论的实证研究[J].商业研究,2004(05).
[125]陈劲,周子范,周永庆.复杂产品系统创新的过程模型研究[J].科研管理,2005(03).
[126]戴丽萍.基于蓝海战略的价值创新分析[J].经济研究导刊,2008,12.
[127]国家旅游局.中国旅游统计年鉴2008[M].北匕京：中国旅游出版社,2008.11.5
[128]赵焕焱.中国酒店业的发展现状和热点问题.价值中国网：http://www.chinavalue.net
[129]蔺雷,吴贵生.服务创新[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003,11.
[130]迈克尔·波特.竞争优势[M].北京：华夏出版社,1997.
[2]甘颖.探索体验经济时代的酒店经营创新[J].重庆电子工程职业学院学报,2009(03)
[3]饶雪梅,张萍.经济型酒店的企业文化构建与文化营销策略[J].经济师,2009(07)
[4]安菲.析全面质量管理在酒店业的创新应用[J].经营管理者,2009(06).
[5]戴婷,黄震,杨彬.企业边界扩展与主题酒店经营管理创新[J].商场现代化,2009(11)
[6]唐颖.民营单体酒店的子品牌策略[J].商场现代化,2010(09)
[7]许春晓,邹剑.酒店员工知识共享对服务创新的影响研究[J].旅游学刊,2010(11)
[8]蒋长春.体验经济提升酒店产品价值的探讨[J].武汉职业技术学院学报,2005,(05)
[9]刘静艳.从“蓝海战略”反思本土经济型酒店的价值创新[J].旅游科学,2007,(01)
[10]张超.酒店品牌资产管理研究[J].经济师,2008,(08)
[11]李琮.基于顾客“体验”的经济型酒店品牌价值创新策略[J].河南理工大学学报,2009,(01).
[12]余惠清.借力体育营销快速提升酒店的品牌价值[J].体育学刊,2008,(01)
[13]王红国,刘国华.酒店品牌资产及其增值路径[J].理论月刊,2007,(08)
[14]李樵.创造顾客价值,提升酒店业的竞争力[J].经营与管理,2009,(02)
[15]宋福丽.经济型酒店顾客感知价值影响因素分析[J].浙江旅游职业学院学报,2010,(01).
[16]黄茜.基于顾客价值的酒店服务营销策略研究[J].湖北经济学院学报,2010,(07).
[17]伍新蕾.经济型酒店客户价值评价模型构建探析[J].现代商贸工业,2010,(04).
[18]李勇.酒店改造中的价值工程应用[J].价值工程,2008,(03).
[19]刘芳.价值工程在我国经济型酒店中的应用研究[J].价值工程,2008,(08).
[20]郝芳.价值工程在饭店营销策略中的应用[J].长江大学学报,2010,(01).
[21]李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M].商务印书馆,1976.
[22]仇德辉.统一价值论[M].中国科学技术出版社,1998.
[23]爱德华·内尔.马克思经济学中的价值与资本[M].上海译文出版社,1985：239-244.
[24]谢富胜,方卫东.经济分析史(第2卷)[M].商务印书馆,1996：18-19.
[25]陈征等.评介部分国外学者对资本论的研究[M].福建人民出版社,1986.
[26]谢富胜,方卫东.劳动价值论综述[J].教学与研究,2002(02).
[27]仇德辉.统一价值论[M].中国科学技术出版社,1998.
[28]马歇尔.经济学原理(中文版上册)[M].商务印书馆,1979：97-98.
[29]萨缪尔逊.经济学(中文版上册)[M].商务印书馆,1979：73.
[30]萨缪尔逊.宏观经济学(第16版)中文版上册[M].华夏出版社,1999：26.
[31]晏智杰.略论经济学价值论的研究对象和层次[J].经济科学,2001,02.
[32]路易斯·凯尔索,莫铁麦·杰阿德.资本家宣言[M].上海人民出版社,1961：53-54.
[33]张晋光.全面认识企业无形资本价值的决定因素[J].商业时代,2004,08.
[34]李海舰,冯丽.企业价值来源及其理论研究[J].中国工业经济,2004,03.
[35]王化成尹美群.价值链模式下价值创造的要素体系研究[J].管理世界,2005,03.
[36]威廉·大内.z理论：美国企业界怎样迎接日本的挑战,中译本[M].中国社会科学出版社,1984.
[37]Edgar.H.Sehein. Organizational Culture and Leadership.2nd ed.(SanFraneisco CA: Jossey-Bass,1992):16-48.
[38]Terrenee.E.Deal, Allan.A.Kennedy.Corporatione Cultures:the Rites and Ritual of Corporate Life, Addison-wesley,2000:210-241.
[39]Kotte J, P., andJ.L.Heskett. CorPorate Culture and Performance. New York:Free Press,1992.
[40]Edgar.H.Schein.The Role of the Founde in Creating Organizational Culture.Organizational Dynamies (Summer 1985):13-28.
[41]Edgar.H.Sehein, Organizational Culture and Leadership,2nd ed.(SanFraneisco CA:Jossey-Bass,1992):16-48.
[42]Kotte J, P., andJ.L.Heskett. Corporate Culture and Performance. New York:Free Press,1992.
[43]赵曙明.中日美欧企业文化比较及跨文化管理[J].管理世界,1993(6).
[44]贾春峰.文化力[M].人民出版社,1995.
[45]刘兴国,左静.知识经济条件下的企业文化分析[J].企业经济,2002(12).
[46]潘宇,周利军,刘艳,赵平,张恒发.企业文化是增加企业价值的关键驱动力[J].国外油田工程,2004(02)第20卷.
[47]刘元芳.企业发展两大驱动力：企业文化与技术创新[J].福建论坛(人文社会科学版),2005(12).
[48]成斯利.深化企业文化建设提升企业核心竞争力[J].胜利油田师范专科学校学报,2005年(01)第19卷.
[49]梁琳娜.如何利用优秀文化提升企业核心竞争力[J].商业时代,2006(32).
[50]吴健.创新企业文化提升企业竞争力[J].山西建筑,2007(05)第33卷.
[51]杨雪梅.商业银行组织创新机制理论与实证研究[D].浙江大学,2004.
[52]何山.产品创新平台理论与方法研究[D].武汉理工大学,2003.
[53]Edwards, Tim. Organisational innovation- Developments towards an interactive process perspective [J]. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management,12(4),445-464,2000.
[54]Claudia Werker. knowledge and organizaion strategies in innovation systems [J].international journal of innovation management,5(1),2001.
[55]Loutfy, R., Belkhir, L. Managing innovation at Xerox [J].Research Technology Management, Vol.44 No.4, pp.15-24,2001.
[56]Carl Shapiro. Competition Policy and Innovation[J].OECD Science,2002. Technology and Industry Working Papers 2002/11, OECD Directorate for Science. Technology and Industry,
[57]Romijn, Henny & Albaladejo, Manuel. Determinants of innovation capability in small electronics and software firms in southeast England [J].Research Policy, Elsevier, vol.31 (7), pages 1053-1067, September,2002.
[58]Kash D E, Rycroft R. Emerging patterns of complex technological innovation [J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, (29):581-606,2002.
[59]Rogers, E. The Diffusion of Innovation,5th ed [M]. The Free Press, New York, NY, 2003.
[60]C.Werker.Innovation, market performance, and competition:Lessons from a product life cycle model [J]. Technovation,23:281-290,2003.
[61]F.J.H.M. Verhees and M.T.G. Meulenberg. Market ori-entation, innovativeness, product innovation, and per-formance in small firms[J].Journal of Small Business Management 42(2), 2004:134-154.
[62]M. Subramaniam and M.A. Youndt. The influence of intellectual capital on the types of innovative capabilities[J].Academy of Management Journal 48(3),2005:450-463.
[63]Leiponen. Organization of knowledge and innovation:the case of Finnish business services[J]. Industry and In-novation 12(2),2005:185-203.
[64]H.J. Cho and V. Pucik. Relationship between innovation, quality, growth, profitability, and market value[J]. Strategic Management Journal 26(6),2005:555-575.
[65]Peters, Bettina (2005), Persistence of Innovation:Stylised Facts and Panel Data Evidence[J]. ZEW Discussion Paper No.05-81, Mannheim.
[66]B. Menguc and S. Auh. Creating a firm-level dynamic capability through capitalizing on market orientation and innovativeness[J]. Academy of Marketing Science 34(1),2006:63-73.
[67]Griffith, R., E. Huergo, J. Mairesse and Bettina Peters, Innovation and Productivity Across Four European Countries[J].NBER Working Paper W12722, Cambridge/Mass,2006.
[68]Chun-Chung Chen, Lu-Jui Chen, and Wen-Ruey Lee. Strategic Capabilities, Innovation Intensity, and Performance of Service Firms[J]. Academy of International Business (AIB) Forty-Nine Annual Meeting, June:25-28,2007, Indianapolis, IN., U.S.A.:Academy of International Business (AIB).
[69]乔治·戴,保罗·休梅克,沃顿.论新兴技术管理[M].华夏出版社,2002.
[70]Friedrich List.The National System of Political Economy[M].LongmansGreen, and Co.London.1909.Translated 1885 from German.First published:1841:]-10.
[71](美)约瑟夫·熊彼特.熊彼特经济发展理论[M].北京市：中国长安出版社,2009：68经济发展理论Schumpeter, J.A.The Theory of Economic Development[M].Transaction Publishers.1982.1:25-40.
[72]傅家骥,仝允桓,高建等.技术创新学[M].清华大学出版社,1998：13-31,343-351.
[73]F Gallouj. Innovation in services[J]. Research policy,1997.12:537-556
[74]Bilderbeek R, Hertog P D. Conceptualizing (service) Innovation and The Knowledge Flow Between and Their client[R]. The results of S14S Topic Paper 11.s14s project,1998:5.
[75]Nathan Rosenberg. An overview of innovation. Washington DC[M].National Academy Press.KLINE S,1986:275-305.
[76]Gatignon, H., Tushman, M. L., Smith, W., & Anderson, P. A structural approach to assessing innovation:Construct development of innovation locus, type, and characteristics[J]. Management Science,2002(48),9.
[77]范柏乃.区域技术创新研究的一个新视角[M].机械工业出版社,2003,10.
[78]Carl P.Carl ucci.Technical innovations in publie sector organizations:A model adoption and imp I ementation[J].Academy of Management Review,2002(5).
[79]Miller, D.and Friesen, P.H.Innovation in conservative and entrepreneurial firms:two models of Strategic momentum[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1982(3).
[80]Lumpkin, G.T.and Dess, G.Clarifying the entrepreneurial rientation construct and linking it to performance[J].Academy of Management Review,1996(21), I.
[81]彼德·德鲁克.创新与企业家精神[M].企业管理出版社,1989.
[82]Horst Albach.Culture and Technical Innovat ion[J]. Academy of Sciences and Technology, 2001(7).
[83]远德玉等.企业技术创新概说[M].东北大学出版社,1997：32.
[84]陈文化.腾飞之路—技术创新论[M].湖南大学出版社,1999：136.
[85]张建华.创新理论研究的新进展[J].经济学动态,1997(7).
[86]项保华.我国企业技术创新动力机制研究[J].科研管理,1994(1)：44-49.
[87]万君康,王开明.论技术创新的动力机制与期望理论[J].科研管理,1997(2)：31-35.
[88]许小东.技术创新内驱动力机制模式研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2002(3)：76-78.
[89]工海山.技术创新动力机制的理论模式[J].科学技术与辩证法,1992(6)：22-27.
[90]谢薇.技术创新动力机制的E-E模式[J].软科学,1997(1)：21-23.
[91]傅家骥.技术创新—中国企业发展之路[J].企业管理出版社,1992.
[92]张永谦,郭强.技术创新的理论与政策[M].中山大学出版社,1999：107-108,323-335.
[93]王彬彬.自主创新的动力系统研究[J].当代经理人(中旬刊),2006(21).
[94]陈劲,谢芳,贾丽娜.企业集团内部协同创新机理研究[J].管理学报,2006(6).
[95]许庆瑞,谢章澍,杨志蓉.企业技术与制度创新协同的动态分析[J].科研管理,2006(4).
[96]李垣,张宸璐,方润生.企业自主创新动力因素研究[J].成组技术与生产现代化,2007(2).
[97]王慧；康璞；企业技术创新能力评价指标体系设计研究[J].统计与信息论坛,2008,(05).
[98]尹建海,杨建华.基于加强型平衡记分法的企业技术创新绩效评价指标体系研究[J].科研管理,2008(01).
[99]刘宗葆,彭艳.基于技术创新能力的高科技产业竞争力基本要素指标分析[J].知识经济,2008,(01).
[100]柳飞红,傅利平基于FAHP的企业技术创新能力评价指标权重的确定[J].统计与信息论坛,2009,(02).
[101]刘中文,姜小冉,张序萍.我国区域技术创新能力评价指标体系及模型构建[J].技术经济与管理研究,2009,(01).
[102]田依林.企业技术创新能力评价指标体系模型研究[J].科技管理研究,2009,(07).
[103]徐新,高山行.基于建立测量指标的自主技术创新构念研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2009,(09).
[104]史宝娟.企业技术创新风险指标体系设计及关键因素识别[J].河北理工大学学报(社会科学版),2010(02)
[105]葛红岩,刘晨书洋.企业技术创新动力的评价指标体系研究[J].未来与发展,2010(06).
[106]Bowen H K, Clark K B, Holloway C A. et al. Development projects:The engine of renewal [J].Harvard Business Review,1994(72),5:110-120.
[107]刘瑞俊.产品创新模式研究[D].天津工业大学,2002.
[108]Rothwell R, Freeman C, Ilorsley A, et al.SAHHO updated:Project SAHHO phase 11[J].Research Policy.1974,3:258-791.
[109]Rothwell R.Factors for success in industrial innovation:A comparative study of Success&failure in industrial innoration[M].Brighton, UK:Science Policy Research Unite, University of Sussex,1976.
[110]OECD, National Innovation Systems [R]. http://www.oecd.org,1997:7.
[111]许庆瑞.研究、发展与技术创新管理[M].高等教育出版社,2000.
[112]傅家骥,仝允桓,高建等.技术创新学[M].清华大学出版社,1998：13-31,343-351.
[113]胡树华.产品创新管理[M].科学出版社,2000.
[114]Robert G. Cooper. Winning at New Products[M].Massachusetts:Addision-Wesley Publishing Company, Second Eidition,1993.
[115]Polk R, Plank R E, Reid D A.Technical risk and new product success:An empirical test in high technology business markets[J].Inelustrial Marketing Management,1996,25:531-543.
[116]Griffin A, Page A L.PDMA Success measurement project:Recommended measures for product development success and failure[J].e Journal of Product Innovation Management,1996, 13(6):478-496.
[117]Brown S L, Eisenhardt K M. Product development:Past research, present findings and future directions [J]. Academy of Management Review,1995,20 (2):343-379.
[118]Mike Hobday.Product complexity, innovation and industrial organization[J].Research Policy,26(1998):689-710.
[119]Davies.The life cycle of a complex product system[J].International Journal of Management, 3(3).
[120]陈劲.复杂产品系统的技术开发模式[J].研究与发展管理,2004(05).
[121]缪小明,凌雯雯.基于产业集群理论的复杂产品创新研究[J].中国科技论坛,2005(09).
[122]中元月.产品创新最佳周期选择模型在创新加速化风险防范中的应用[J].山东大学学报(理学版),2005(02).
[123]胡树华.产品创新管理[M].科学出版社,1999.
[124]管顺丰.产品创新管理理论的实证研究[J].商业研究,2004(05).
[125]陈劲,周子范,周永庆.复杂产品系统创新的过程模型研究[J].科研管理,2005(03).
[126]戴丽萍.基于蓝海战略的价值创新分析[J].经济研究导刊,2008,12.
[127]国家旅游局.中国旅游统计年鉴2008[M].北匕京：中国旅游出版社,2008.11.5
[128]赵焕焱.中国酒店业的发展现状和热点问题.价值中国网：http://www.chinavalue.net
[129]蔺雷,吴贵生.服务创新[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003,11.
[130]迈克尔·波特.竞争优势[M].北京：华夏出版社,1997.