离子液体中纳米材料的合成与研究
|
摘要
纳米材料因其优异的光、电、磁和化学性能越来越受到人们的关注。纳米材料的制备方法很多,但随着人们环境意识的提高,简便,无污染的纳米材料的制备方法依然是人们追求的目标,而室温离子液体正好满足这些要求。本文选用离子液体作为反应介质来制备铝化合物、SiO_2、镍的配合物三种纳米材料。我们利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射、N_2吸附等一系列分析测试手段,对合成的纳米材料的形貌、结构及物相进行了表征;并讨论了反应参数对纳米材料微结构的影响。
主要内容如下:
1.制备并提纯了氯代1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑[C_4mim]Cl,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐[C_4mim][BF_4]两种离子液体。
2.以[C_4mim][BF_4]离子液体为溶剂,氯化铝为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法来制备铝化合物纳米材料,并对得到的产物进行了一系列表征。结果表明:得到的产物Al_4O_2Cl_(10)·xH_2O,其形貌为厚度约为4-15nm的片状结构。采用XRD研究了反应温度,NaOH的浓度、原料等因素对产物的影响。另外,采用溶剂热法合成出了单斜晶系的Al(OH)_3,同时考察了温度对产物的影响。
3.以[C_4mim][BF_4]为溶剂,硅酸乙酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备无定形态的纳米SiO_2时,表面活性剂和热处理对产物的形貌、粒径、比表面积有影响。没加表面活性剂得到的SiO_2为一些比较分散的球形小颗粒,粒径在6-20nm左右,比表面积为132.8m~2/g,添加了表面活性剂得到的SiO_2为海绵体结构,粒径在25nm左右,比表面积为156.4m~2/g。经550℃煅烧后得到的产物粒径分别为30-50nm和12-25nm左右。同时研究了[C_4mim]Cl离子液体、凝胶温度对纳米SiO_2的影响。
4.以[bmim]BF_4离子液体和水为混合溶剂,采用化学沉淀法制备了镍的化合物。用XRD、TEM对产物进行了结构和形貌表征,结果表明:经60℃恒温反应24h,可制备出镍的有机配合物Ni(C_4N_2H_6)_6(BF_4)_2,其形貌为不规则的多面体结构,长为1.4μm左右。生成镍的有机配合物的原因是离子液体不纯,在纯的离子液体中我们得到的产物为六方晶体的β-Ni(OH)_2,其形貌基本呈球形,粒径在5μm左右。采用XRD研究了反应温度,原料的浓度等因素对产物的影响。另外,采用溶剂热法也制备了镍的有机配合物,用XRD、TEM等现代分析测试手段对产物进行了结构和形貌表征,结果表明:经150℃恒温反应6h得到的镍的有机配合物呈棒状,棒的直径约为4.1μm,长度约为10-12μm。采用XRD研究了反应温度对产物的影响。
Nanomaterials have received considerable attention due to their novel properties such as electronic,magnetic and chemical properties.There are many methods used to prepare nanomaterials,but it is still needed to improve a facile,environment-friendly route for synthesis nanomaterials with growing concerns over the environmental impact.Ionic liquids are environment-friendly solvent.Al compound,SiO_2 and nickel compound nanomaterials were prepared in ionic liquids.The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM,IR,N_2 adsorption techniques.The effects of reaction factors such as temperature, content of raw material on grain size,morphology,crystalline phase of the products were investigated.
The following main contents can be summarized as following:
(1)1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumchloride[C_4mim]Cl and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate[C_4mim][BF_4]have been synthesized and purified.
(2)Nanostructured Al compound was synthesized using ionic liquid[C_mim][BF_4]as solvent by means of sol-gel.The samples were characterized by XRD、SEM and so on.The results show that the Al_4O_2Cl_(10)·xH_2O was obtain,and its morphology is of platelet with the size of 4-15nm.We investigated effects of temperature,raw material and content of NaOH on products.The monoclinic Al(OH)_3 was obtained by means of Solvothermal method, the effect of temperature on mirostructure of the products was also investigated.
(3)Silica nanoparticles was synthesized in[C_4mim][BF_4]by means of sol-gel.The samples were characterized by XRD,SEM and N_2 adsorption.The results show that the microstructure of SiO_2 are influented by surfactant and heat treatment.The particle size is ranged from 6-20nm and the specific surface area is 132.8m~2/g for spherical SiO_2prepared without surfactant,while the average grain size is 25nm and the specific surface area is 156.4m~2/g for spongelike SiO_2 prepared in the present of surfactant.After calcinations at 550℃,The particles size was increasing,up to 30-50nm for spherical SiO_2 prepared without surfactant,and The particles size of SiO_2 prepared with surfactant changed instinctively. The effects of temperature and ionic liquid on Crystalline phase of SiO_2 were investigated
(4)Nickel compound was synthesized using the mixture of ionic liquid[C_4mim][BF_4] and water.The morphologies and structure of nickel compound are characterized by XRD,TEM and so on.The results indicated the nickel compound wih 1.4μm in length was obtained.The possible formation causation of nickel compound was due to impurity of ionic liquid.In order to proof this idea,β-Ni(OH)_2 with diameter of 5μm was obtained using ionic liquid purified.The effects of content of raw material and temperature on products were investigated.Solvothermal method was employed to prepared nickel complex,nickel complex with rod was obtained when the reaction temperature is kept at 150℃for 6h,the length and the diameter of rods isl0-12μm,4.1μm,respectively.The effect of temperature on microstructure of products was investigated.
主要内容如下:
1.制备并提纯了氯代1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑[C_4mim]Cl,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐[C_4mim][BF_4]两种离子液体。
2.以[C_4mim][BF_4]离子液体为溶剂,氯化铝为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法来制备铝化合物纳米材料,并对得到的产物进行了一系列表征。结果表明:得到的产物Al_4O_2Cl_(10)·xH_2O,其形貌为厚度约为4-15nm的片状结构。采用XRD研究了反应温度,NaOH的浓度、原料等因素对产物的影响。另外,采用溶剂热法合成出了单斜晶系的Al(OH)_3,同时考察了温度对产物的影响。
3.以[C_4mim][BF_4]为溶剂,硅酸乙酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备无定形态的纳米SiO_2时,表面活性剂和热处理对产物的形貌、粒径、比表面积有影响。没加表面活性剂得到的SiO_2为一些比较分散的球形小颗粒,粒径在6-20nm左右,比表面积为132.8m~2/g,添加了表面活性剂得到的SiO_2为海绵体结构,粒径在25nm左右,比表面积为156.4m~2/g。经550℃煅烧后得到的产物粒径分别为30-50nm和12-25nm左右。同时研究了[C_4mim]Cl离子液体、凝胶温度对纳米SiO_2的影响。
4.以[bmim]BF_4离子液体和水为混合溶剂,采用化学沉淀法制备了镍的化合物。用XRD、TEM对产物进行了结构和形貌表征,结果表明:经60℃恒温反应24h,可制备出镍的有机配合物Ni(C_4N_2H_6)_6(BF_4)_2,其形貌为不规则的多面体结构,长为1.4μm左右。生成镍的有机配合物的原因是离子液体不纯,在纯的离子液体中我们得到的产物为六方晶体的β-Ni(OH)_2,其形貌基本呈球形,粒径在5μm左右。采用XRD研究了反应温度,原料的浓度等因素对产物的影响。另外,采用溶剂热法也制备了镍的有机配合物,用XRD、TEM等现代分析测试手段对产物进行了结构和形貌表征,结果表明:经150℃恒温反应6h得到的镍的有机配合物呈棒状,棒的直径约为4.1μm,长度约为10-12μm。采用XRD研究了反应温度对产物的影响。
Nanomaterials have received considerable attention due to their novel properties such as electronic,magnetic and chemical properties.There are many methods used to prepare nanomaterials,but it is still needed to improve a facile,environment-friendly route for synthesis nanomaterials with growing concerns over the environmental impact.Ionic liquids are environment-friendly solvent.Al compound,SiO_2 and nickel compound nanomaterials were prepared in ionic liquids.The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM,IR,N_2 adsorption techniques.The effects of reaction factors such as temperature, content of raw material on grain size,morphology,crystalline phase of the products were investigated.
The following main contents can be summarized as following:
(1)1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumchloride[C_4mim]Cl and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate[C_4mim][BF_4]have been synthesized and purified.
(2)Nanostructured Al compound was synthesized using ionic liquid[C_mim][BF_4]as solvent by means of sol-gel.The samples were characterized by XRD、SEM and so on.The results show that the Al_4O_2Cl_(10)·xH_2O was obtain,and its morphology is of platelet with the size of 4-15nm.We investigated effects of temperature,raw material and content of NaOH on products.The monoclinic Al(OH)_3 was obtained by means of Solvothermal method, the effect of temperature on mirostructure of the products was also investigated.
(3)Silica nanoparticles was synthesized in[C_4mim][BF_4]by means of sol-gel.The samples were characterized by XRD,SEM and N_2 adsorption.The results show that the microstructure of SiO_2 are influented by surfactant and heat treatment.The particle size is ranged from 6-20nm and the specific surface area is 132.8m~2/g for spherical SiO_2prepared without surfactant,while the average grain size is 25nm and the specific surface area is 156.4m~2/g for spongelike SiO_2 prepared in the present of surfactant.After calcinations at 550℃,The particles size was increasing,up to 30-50nm for spherical SiO_2 prepared without surfactant,and The particles size of SiO_2 prepared with surfactant changed instinctively. The effects of temperature and ionic liquid on Crystalline phase of SiO_2 were investigated
(4)Nickel compound was synthesized using the mixture of ionic liquid[C_4mim][BF_4] and water.The morphologies and structure of nickel compound are characterized by XRD,TEM and so on.The results indicated the nickel compound wih 1.4μm in length was obtained.The possible formation causation of nickel compound was due to impurity of ionic liquid.In order to proof this idea,β-Ni(OH)_2 with diameter of 5μm was obtained using ionic liquid purified.The effects of content of raw material and temperature on products were investigated.Solvothermal method was employed to prepared nickel complex,nickel complex with rod was obtained when the reaction temperature is kept at 150℃for 6h,the length and the diameter of rods isl0-12μm,4.1μm,respectively.The effect of temperature on microstructure of products was investigated.
引文
[1]张立德,牟季美.纳米材料和纳米结构[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
[2]冯异,赵军武,齐晓霞,等.纳米材料及其应用研究进展[J].工具技术,2006,40(10):10-15
[3]王军.离子液体中纳米材料的合成与研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2005
[4]刘吉平,郝向阳.纳米科学与技术.北京:科学出版社,2002
[5]张喜梅,陈玲,李琳,等.纳米材料制备研究现状及其发展方向[J].现代化工,2000,20(7):13-16
[6]吴翔.纳米材料的发展历史、现状与发展趋势[J].遵义科技,2007,(3):6-10
[7]孙兰萍,许晖.无机纳米材料的制备技术及其进展[J].化工装备技术,2006,27(3):9-12
[8]唐一科,许静,韦立凡.纳米材料制各方法的研究现状与发展趋势[J].重庆大学学报,2005,28(1):5-10
[9]余家国,赵修建.TiO2纳米粉体的溶胶一凝胶工艺制备和光催化活性表征[J].中国粉体技术,2000,6(2):7-10
[10]魏明真.溶剂热法合成纳米材料的研究进展[J].四川化工,2007,10(3):22-24
[11]孙志刚,胡黎明.气相法合成纳米颗粒的制备技术进展[J].化工进展,1997,2:21-24
[12]徐永东,张立同,成来飞.低温化学气相沉积SiC的组成、组织结构及高温稳定性[J].人工晶体学报,1996,25(3):225-229
[13]朱永法.纳来米材料表征与测试[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006
[14]姜杰.以离子液体为介质合成多种形貌的无机纳米材料[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2005
[15]李颖,王光祖.纳米材料的表征与测试技术[M].超硬材料工程,2007,19(2):38-42
[16]曾繁伟.纳米材料在化工生产中的应用[J].科技咨询导报,2007,(20):81-81
[17]Zehnder T,Matthey,Schwaller P,et al.Wear protective coatings consisting of TiC-SiC-a-C:H deposited by magnetron sputtering[J].Surf.Coat.Tech.,2003,163:238-244
[18]薛文漪,王凡业.纳米材料在生物燃料电池中的应用[J].化学工程与工程技术,2007, 28(2):15-17
[19]Wilke.1-Ethyl-3-MethylimidazoliumBasedIonicLiquids[J].Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun.,1992,(13):965-967
[20]Hurley F H,Wier T P.Computer-assisted synthetic analysis generation of synthetic sequences involving sequential functional group interchanges[J].Electrochemical Society,1951,98(5):203-206
[21]J.Robonson,R.A.O steryoung,An Electrochemical and Spectro-scopic Study of some Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Room Temperature Molten Salts System Alumimn Chloride-n-Butylpyridinium Chloride[J].Am.Chem.Soc.,1979,102(2):323-327
[22]S.Wilkes,J.A.Levisky,R.A.Wilson,etal.Alkylimidazolium Chloroaluminate Melts:A New Class of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids for Electrochemistry Spectroscopy and Systhesis[J].Inorg.Chem.,1982,21:1263-1268
[23]Aki,Sudhirvivil.How polar are ionic liquids[J].Chem.Comm,2001,(5):413-414
[24]Anthony M.Leone,Holden H.Thorp.An ionic liquid form of DNA:redox active molten salts of nucleic acids[J].Am.Chem.Soc.,2001,123(2):218-222
[25]James H.Davis,Kerri J.Forrester.Thazolium-ion based orgnic ionic liquids,novel ionic liquids which promote the benzoin condensation[J].Tetrahedron Leters,1999,40:1621-1622
[26]Andrew P.Abbott,Glen Lapper.Preparation of novel,moister-stable ionic liquid with functional sidechains.Chem.Comm,2001,15:2011-2020
[27]Deng Youquan,Shi Feng,Beng Jiajian,etal.Ionic liquid as a green catalytic reaction medium for esterifications[J].Mol.Catal.A.Chem.,2001,165(1):33-36
[28]A.Stark,B.L.Maclean.Organometallic synthesis in ambient temperature Chloroalminate ionic liquids:Ligand exchanging reactions of ferrocene[J].Chem.Soc.Dalton Trans.,1997,3465
[29]Bao W L,Wang Z M,Li Y X.Synthesis of chiral Ionic liquids from natural sminoscids [J].Organic Chemistry,2003,68(2):591-593
[30]Niyazi B.A new ionic liquid:2-hydroxy ethylammonium formate[J].Journal of Molecular Liquids,2005,116(1):15-18
[31]杨振兴,王广健,刘义武.室温离子液体在无机纳米材料合成中的应用进展[J].淮北 煤炭师范学院学报,2006,27(4):21-28
[32]邵媛,邓宇.离子液体的合成及其在萃取分离中的应用[J].精细石油化工进展,2005,6(11):48-52
[33]陈双平,王寿武,汪守建,等.离子液体的性质和制备方法[J].精细化工中间体,2004,34(5):10-12
[34]钟平.室温离子液体的合成及其在有机合成中的应用[J].温州师范学院学报,2004,25(2):1-8
[35]刘红霞,徐群.微波法合成烷基咪唑离子液体[J].化学试剂,2006,28(10):581-582
[36]胡和兵,何明中,吴勇民,等.离子液体合成及其应用研究[J].中国酿造,2007,(2):9-12
[37]董均.离子液体的制备及在有机合成中的应用研究[J].中国西部科技,2007,(2):12-14
[38]贾春晓,辛炳炜.离子液体在有机反应中的应用[J].山东化工,2005,34:28-31
[39]Jiang Tao,Gao Haixiang.Ionic liquid catalyzed Henry-action[J].Tetrahedron Letters,2004,45(12):2699-2701
[40]杨文龙,罗书平.俞传明.离子液体中碱催化α,β一不饱和化合物与丙二酸酯的Michael加成反应[J].化学研究与应用,2006,18(5):537-541
[41]顾彦龙.杨宏洲.邓友全.室温离子液体中双环戊二烯加氢以及金刚石合成[J].石油化工,2002,31(5):345-348
[42]肖小华,刘淑娟,刘霞,等.离子液体及其在分离分析中的应用进展[J].分析化学,2005,33(4):569-574
[43]段培高,王媛媛,戴立益.离子液体在分析化学领域中的应用[J].化学世界,2006,(3):183-186
[44]丁琪,乐长高.室温离子液体在萃取中的应用[J].化工时刊,2006,20(7):64-67
[45]Macfarlane D R,Huang J,Forsyth M.Lithium-doped plastic crystal electrolytes exhibiting fast ion conduction for secondary batteries[J].Nature,1999,402:792-794
[46]Hikari,Hajime.N-Methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis imide-novel electrolyte base for Li battery[J].Electrochemistry Communications,2003,5(7):594-598
[47]Sato Takaya,Maruo Tatsuya,Marukane Shoko,et al.Electrochemical properties of novel ionic liquids for dectric double layer capacitor applications[J].Journal of Power Sources,2004,138:253-261
[48]Katayama Y,Dan S,Miura T,et al.X-ray diffraction study on structural change in liquid selenium under high pressure[J].Electrochem.Soc,2001,148:102-105
[49]张锁江,吕兴梅,等.离子液体一从基础研究到工业应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006
[50]Antonietti M,Kuang D,Smarsly B.Ionic liquids for the convenient synthesis of functional inorganic nanoparticles[J].Angew.Int.Ed.,2004,43:4998-4999
[51]陈利娟,张晟卯,吴志申,等.离子液体中二氧化硅纳米微粒的制备及其摩擦学性能[J].化学研究,2005,16(1):43
[52]吴志申,张晟卯,张春丽,等.室温离子液体介质中尺寸、结构可控Ni纳米微粒的制备及结构表征[J].化学学报,2004,62(15):1443-1446
[53]吴志申,张晟卯,李健,等.功能化离子液体中Ag纳米微粒的制备及摩擦学性能研究[J].无机化学学报,2006,22(1):65-68
[54]房宝青.在离子液体中合成纳/微米材料的研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2006
[55]Zhu Yingjie,Wang Weiwei.Microwave-assisted synthesis of cobalt oxalate nanorods and their thermal conversion to Co_3O_4 rods[J].Materials Research Bulletin,2005,40:1929-1935
[56]Wang W W,Zhu Y J.Microwave-assisted synthesis of single-crystalline tellurium nanorods in ionic liquids[J].Inorg Chem Commun,2004,(7):1003-1005
[57]Zhu Yingjie,Wang Weiwei,Cheng Guofeng.Microwave-assisted synthesis of curip oxide nanosheets and nanowhiskers[J].Materials Letters,2006,60:609-612
[58]曹洁明,房宝青,王军,等.离子液体在无机纳米材料合成上的应用[J].化学进展,2005,17(6):1028-1032
[59]Wang W W,Zhu Y J.Shape-controlled synthesis of Zinc Oxide by microwave heating using an imidazolium salt[J].Inorg.Chem.Commun.,2004,7:1003-1005
[60]Cao Jieming,Wang Jun,Fang Baoqing,et al.Synthesis and characterization of multipod,flower-like ZnO frameworks in ionic liquids[J].Materials Letters,2005,59:1405-1408
[61]Liu Weimin,Hou Xianming,Zhou Feng,et al.Ultrasound-assited synthesis of dentritic ZnO nanostructure in ionic liquid[J].Materials Letters,2006
[62]张萌,徐晓冬,张密林,等.离子液体中CuO纳米棒的制备与结构表征[J].精细化工,2007,24(20):129-132
[63]陈利娟,张晟卯,吴志申,等.离子液体中ZnO纳米棒的制备与表征[J].应用化学,2005,22(5):554-556
[64]Liu Zhimin,Miao Shiding,Miao Zhenjiang.Synthesis of mesoporous TiO_2 films in ionic liquid dissolving cellulose[J].Microporous and Mesoporous Materials,2006,95:26-30
[65]张立德,牟季美.纳米材料和纳米结构[M].北京:科学出版社,北京,2002
[66]郭丽丽.以离子液体为介质的某些无机纳米材料的合成[D].新乡:河南师范大学,2005
[67]王国水,水淼,岳林海.X射线衍射分析非晶二氧化硅结构及其物化性质的研究[J].无机化学学报,2002,18(10):991-996
[68]黄渝鸿,许映霞,万昌秀,等.纳米材料在生物医学中的应用[J].化学新型材料,2002,30(2):9-12
[69]冯钦邦,段先健.气相法二氧化硅的制备[J].有机硅氟资讯,2007,(1):26-28
[70]刘忠义,王莉玮,王子忱,等.硅酸钠法合成高比表面多孔二氧化硅[J].高等学校化学学报,1998,19(5):770-773
[71]何天稀,毛学峰,马骞,等.二氧化硅超细粉末的制备[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,38(3):53-54
[2]冯异,赵军武,齐晓霞,等.纳米材料及其应用研究进展[J].工具技术,2006,40(10):10-15
[3]王军.离子液体中纳米材料的合成与研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2005
[4]刘吉平,郝向阳.纳米科学与技术.北京:科学出版社,2002
[5]张喜梅,陈玲,李琳,等.纳米材料制备研究现状及其发展方向[J].现代化工,2000,20(7):13-16
[6]吴翔.纳米材料的发展历史、现状与发展趋势[J].遵义科技,2007,(3):6-10
[7]孙兰萍,许晖.无机纳米材料的制备技术及其进展[J].化工装备技术,2006,27(3):9-12
[8]唐一科,许静,韦立凡.纳米材料制各方法的研究现状与发展趋势[J].重庆大学学报,2005,28(1):5-10
[9]余家国,赵修建.TiO2纳米粉体的溶胶一凝胶工艺制备和光催化活性表征[J].中国粉体技术,2000,6(2):7-10
[10]魏明真.溶剂热法合成纳米材料的研究进展[J].四川化工,2007,10(3):22-24
[11]孙志刚,胡黎明.气相法合成纳米颗粒的制备技术进展[J].化工进展,1997,2:21-24
[12]徐永东,张立同,成来飞.低温化学气相沉积SiC的组成、组织结构及高温稳定性[J].人工晶体学报,1996,25(3):225-229
[13]朱永法.纳来米材料表征与测试[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006
[14]姜杰.以离子液体为介质合成多种形貌的无机纳米材料[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2005
[15]李颖,王光祖.纳米材料的表征与测试技术[M].超硬材料工程,2007,19(2):38-42
[16]曾繁伟.纳米材料在化工生产中的应用[J].科技咨询导报,2007,(20):81-81
[17]Zehnder T,Matthey,Schwaller P,et al.Wear protective coatings consisting of TiC-SiC-a-C:H deposited by magnetron sputtering[J].Surf.Coat.Tech.,2003,163:238-244
[18]薛文漪,王凡业.纳米材料在生物燃料电池中的应用[J].化学工程与工程技术,2007, 28(2):15-17
[19]Wilke.1-Ethyl-3-MethylimidazoliumBasedIonicLiquids[J].Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun.,1992,(13):965-967
[20]Hurley F H,Wier T P.Computer-assisted synthetic analysis generation of synthetic sequences involving sequential functional group interchanges[J].Electrochemical Society,1951,98(5):203-206
[21]J.Robonson,R.A.O steryoung,An Electrochemical and Spectro-scopic Study of some Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Room Temperature Molten Salts System Alumimn Chloride-n-Butylpyridinium Chloride[J].Am.Chem.Soc.,1979,102(2):323-327
[22]S.Wilkes,J.A.Levisky,R.A.Wilson,etal.Alkylimidazolium Chloroaluminate Melts:A New Class of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids for Electrochemistry Spectroscopy and Systhesis[J].Inorg.Chem.,1982,21:1263-1268
[23]Aki,Sudhirvivil.How polar are ionic liquids[J].Chem.Comm,2001,(5):413-414
[24]Anthony M.Leone,Holden H.Thorp.An ionic liquid form of DNA:redox active molten salts of nucleic acids[J].Am.Chem.Soc.,2001,123(2):218-222
[25]James H.Davis,Kerri J.Forrester.Thazolium-ion based orgnic ionic liquids,novel ionic liquids which promote the benzoin condensation[J].Tetrahedron Leters,1999,40:1621-1622
[26]Andrew P.Abbott,Glen Lapper.Preparation of novel,moister-stable ionic liquid with functional sidechains.Chem.Comm,2001,15:2011-2020
[27]Deng Youquan,Shi Feng,Beng Jiajian,etal.Ionic liquid as a green catalytic reaction medium for esterifications[J].Mol.Catal.A.Chem.,2001,165(1):33-36
[28]A.Stark,B.L.Maclean.Organometallic synthesis in ambient temperature Chloroalminate ionic liquids:Ligand exchanging reactions of ferrocene[J].Chem.Soc.Dalton Trans.,1997,3465
[29]Bao W L,Wang Z M,Li Y X.Synthesis of chiral Ionic liquids from natural sminoscids [J].Organic Chemistry,2003,68(2):591-593
[30]Niyazi B.A new ionic liquid:2-hydroxy ethylammonium formate[J].Journal of Molecular Liquids,2005,116(1):15-18
[31]杨振兴,王广健,刘义武.室温离子液体在无机纳米材料合成中的应用进展[J].淮北 煤炭师范学院学报,2006,27(4):21-28
[32]邵媛,邓宇.离子液体的合成及其在萃取分离中的应用[J].精细石油化工进展,2005,6(11):48-52
[33]陈双平,王寿武,汪守建,等.离子液体的性质和制备方法[J].精细化工中间体,2004,34(5):10-12
[34]钟平.室温离子液体的合成及其在有机合成中的应用[J].温州师范学院学报,2004,25(2):1-8
[35]刘红霞,徐群.微波法合成烷基咪唑离子液体[J].化学试剂,2006,28(10):581-582
[36]胡和兵,何明中,吴勇民,等.离子液体合成及其应用研究[J].中国酿造,2007,(2):9-12
[37]董均.离子液体的制备及在有机合成中的应用研究[J].中国西部科技,2007,(2):12-14
[38]贾春晓,辛炳炜.离子液体在有机反应中的应用[J].山东化工,2005,34:28-31
[39]Jiang Tao,Gao Haixiang.Ionic liquid catalyzed Henry-action[J].Tetrahedron Letters,2004,45(12):2699-2701
[40]杨文龙,罗书平.俞传明.离子液体中碱催化α,β一不饱和化合物与丙二酸酯的Michael加成反应[J].化学研究与应用,2006,18(5):537-541
[41]顾彦龙.杨宏洲.邓友全.室温离子液体中双环戊二烯加氢以及金刚石合成[J].石油化工,2002,31(5):345-348
[42]肖小华,刘淑娟,刘霞,等.离子液体及其在分离分析中的应用进展[J].分析化学,2005,33(4):569-574
[43]段培高,王媛媛,戴立益.离子液体在分析化学领域中的应用[J].化学世界,2006,(3):183-186
[44]丁琪,乐长高.室温离子液体在萃取中的应用[J].化工时刊,2006,20(7):64-67
[45]Macfarlane D R,Huang J,Forsyth M.Lithium-doped plastic crystal electrolytes exhibiting fast ion conduction for secondary batteries[J].Nature,1999,402:792-794
[46]Hikari,Hajime.N-Methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis imide-novel electrolyte base for Li battery[J].Electrochemistry Communications,2003,5(7):594-598
[47]Sato Takaya,Maruo Tatsuya,Marukane Shoko,et al.Electrochemical properties of novel ionic liquids for dectric double layer capacitor applications[J].Journal of Power Sources,2004,138:253-261
[48]Katayama Y,Dan S,Miura T,et al.X-ray diffraction study on structural change in liquid selenium under high pressure[J].Electrochem.Soc,2001,148:102-105
[49]张锁江,吕兴梅,等.离子液体一从基础研究到工业应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006
[50]Antonietti M,Kuang D,Smarsly B.Ionic liquids for the convenient synthesis of functional inorganic nanoparticles[J].Angew.Int.Ed.,2004,43:4998-4999
[51]陈利娟,张晟卯,吴志申,等.离子液体中二氧化硅纳米微粒的制备及其摩擦学性能[J].化学研究,2005,16(1):43
[52]吴志申,张晟卯,张春丽,等.室温离子液体介质中尺寸、结构可控Ni纳米微粒的制备及结构表征[J].化学学报,2004,62(15):1443-1446
[53]吴志申,张晟卯,李健,等.功能化离子液体中Ag纳米微粒的制备及摩擦学性能研究[J].无机化学学报,2006,22(1):65-68
[54]房宝青.在离子液体中合成纳/微米材料的研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2006
[55]Zhu Yingjie,Wang Weiwei.Microwave-assisted synthesis of cobalt oxalate nanorods and their thermal conversion to Co_3O_4 rods[J].Materials Research Bulletin,2005,40:1929-1935
[56]Wang W W,Zhu Y J.Microwave-assisted synthesis of single-crystalline tellurium nanorods in ionic liquids[J].Inorg Chem Commun,2004,(7):1003-1005
[57]Zhu Yingjie,Wang Weiwei,Cheng Guofeng.Microwave-assisted synthesis of curip oxide nanosheets and nanowhiskers[J].Materials Letters,2006,60:609-612
[58]曹洁明,房宝青,王军,等.离子液体在无机纳米材料合成上的应用[J].化学进展,2005,17(6):1028-1032
[59]Wang W W,Zhu Y J.Shape-controlled synthesis of Zinc Oxide by microwave heating using an imidazolium salt[J].Inorg.Chem.Commun.,2004,7:1003-1005
[60]Cao Jieming,Wang Jun,Fang Baoqing,et al.Synthesis and characterization of multipod,flower-like ZnO frameworks in ionic liquids[J].Materials Letters,2005,59:1405-1408
[61]Liu Weimin,Hou Xianming,Zhou Feng,et al.Ultrasound-assited synthesis of dentritic ZnO nanostructure in ionic liquid[J].Materials Letters,2006
[62]张萌,徐晓冬,张密林,等.离子液体中CuO纳米棒的制备与结构表征[J].精细化工,2007,24(20):129-132
[63]陈利娟,张晟卯,吴志申,等.离子液体中ZnO纳米棒的制备与表征[J].应用化学,2005,22(5):554-556
[64]Liu Zhimin,Miao Shiding,Miao Zhenjiang.Synthesis of mesoporous TiO_2 films in ionic liquid dissolving cellulose[J].Microporous and Mesoporous Materials,2006,95:26-30
[65]张立德,牟季美.纳米材料和纳米结构[M].北京:科学出版社,北京,2002
[66]郭丽丽.以离子液体为介质的某些无机纳米材料的合成[D].新乡:河南师范大学,2005
[67]王国水,水淼,岳林海.X射线衍射分析非晶二氧化硅结构及其物化性质的研究[J].无机化学学报,2002,18(10):991-996
[68]黄渝鸿,许映霞,万昌秀,等.纳米材料在生物医学中的应用[J].化学新型材料,2002,30(2):9-12
[69]冯钦邦,段先健.气相法二氧化硅的制备[J].有机硅氟资讯,2007,(1):26-28
[70]刘忠义,王莉玮,王子忱,等.硅酸钠法合成高比表面多孔二氧化硅[J].高等学校化学学报,1998,19(5):770-773
[71]何天稀,毛学峰,马骞,等.二氧化硅超细粉末的制备[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,38(3):53-54