深海鱼油和海狗油的分子蒸馏提纯研究
摘要
ω3多不饱和脂肪酸(EPA、DHA和DPA)是人体自身不能合成的脂肪酸,被称为人体必需脂肪酸,需要从外界摄取。深海鱼油及海狗油中含有丰富的ω3多不饱和脂肪酸,因此强化从深海鱼油及海狗油中提取ω3多不饱和脂肪酸的研究具有十分重要的意义。
在分析刮膜式分子蒸馏数学模型的基础上,对其传热的微分方程进行了数值求解。并对VKL70型刮膜式分子蒸馏器,以深海鱼油及海狗油为物料进行了模拟计算,初步探讨了蒸馏温度对重相产品中药用组分总含量的影响。模拟结果与实验数据相吻合。为刮膜式分子蒸馏器操作参数的优化提供了依据。通过对一定温度和压力下深海鱼油及海狗油中不饱和脂肪酸的分子平均自由程的计算说明分子蒸馏器中蒸发面和冷凝面之间的距离远大于分子平均自由程,但对产品的分离效果没有很大影响,以此可以指导分子蒸馏器的放大。
本文用德国VTA公司的VKL70型分子蒸馏小试设备和VK200-40型分子蒸馏中试设备对深海鱼油及海狗油中ω3多不饱和脂肪酸药用组分进行了提取研究,分子蒸馏过程中,考察了蒸馏温度、进料速率及刮膜转速等工艺参数对药用组分总含量及产品收率的影响,得出了利用分子蒸馏技术从深海鱼油及海狗油中提取药用组分的最佳工艺条件,并为进一步的工业化生产打下了坚实的基础。大量医学研究表明酯化后的EPA、DHA和DPA与未经酯化的EPA、DHA和DPA的药用价值相比存在较大差异,本文以未经酯化的深海鱼油及海狗油为原料进行了其中药用组分的提取纯化,研究有所创新。实验表明,以未经酯化的深海鱼油及海狗油为原料,利用分子蒸馏工艺可以得到较高的产品质量和收率。
Ω3 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA,EPA、DHA、DPA) was called indispensable fatty acids for people which could not be synthesized by ourselves, and it must be incepted from outside.ω3PUFA was widely contained in fish oil and seal oil. It was significant to optimize the separation technology ofω3PUFA and actualize industrialization.
The differential equations of thermal transfer based on the analysis of wiped film molecular distillation mathematic model were solved by numerical method. Based on the VKL70 wiped film molecular distiller, the effects of Distillation Temperature on total contents of officinal compositions were primarily discussed by numeric simulation with fish oil and seal oil as feed liquid. The simulation result and experimental data inosculated very well. It provided the foundation for optimization of operating parameter of wiped film distiller. The distance between the evaporation surface and condensation surface of molecular distiller was far more than the molecular average free path. It could be proved to be true by the calculation of molecular free path of fatty acids in fish oil and seal oil under different temperature and pressure. The result showed that the separation effect was hardly changed. So the conclusion made it possible to apply experimental distiller to industrial plant.
In this dissertation, the extraction ofω3PUFA from fish oil and seal oil with VKL70 small scale molecular distillation apparatus and VK200-40 molecular distillation pilot plant from VTA, GERMANY was studied. In distillation process, the influence of operating parameters on total contents and yield of officinal compositions was investigated, such as distillation temperature, feed rate and rotor speed. The optimum processing condition wais obtained, and it layed a foundation for the further industrial manufacture.
A lot of medicinal research showed that the officinal value of esterified EPA、DHA、DPA was very different from the unesterified. Thus the unesterified fish oil and seal oil were used as material to extract the officinal compositions for the first time. The product of high quality and yield was obtained by the molecular distillation technology with unesterified fish oil and seal oil as material.
在分析刮膜式分子蒸馏数学模型的基础上,对其传热的微分方程进行了数值求解。并对VKL70型刮膜式分子蒸馏器,以深海鱼油及海狗油为物料进行了模拟计算,初步探讨了蒸馏温度对重相产品中药用组分总含量的影响。模拟结果与实验数据相吻合。为刮膜式分子蒸馏器操作参数的优化提供了依据。通过对一定温度和压力下深海鱼油及海狗油中不饱和脂肪酸的分子平均自由程的计算说明分子蒸馏器中蒸发面和冷凝面之间的距离远大于分子平均自由程,但对产品的分离效果没有很大影响,以此可以指导分子蒸馏器的放大。
本文用德国VTA公司的VKL70型分子蒸馏小试设备和VK200-40型分子蒸馏中试设备对深海鱼油及海狗油中ω3多不饱和脂肪酸药用组分进行了提取研究,分子蒸馏过程中,考察了蒸馏温度、进料速率及刮膜转速等工艺参数对药用组分总含量及产品收率的影响,得出了利用分子蒸馏技术从深海鱼油及海狗油中提取药用组分的最佳工艺条件,并为进一步的工业化生产打下了坚实的基础。大量医学研究表明酯化后的EPA、DHA和DPA与未经酯化的EPA、DHA和DPA的药用价值相比存在较大差异,本文以未经酯化的深海鱼油及海狗油为原料进行了其中药用组分的提取纯化,研究有所创新。实验表明,以未经酯化的深海鱼油及海狗油为原料,利用分子蒸馏工艺可以得到较高的产品质量和收率。
Ω3 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA,EPA、DHA、DPA) was called indispensable fatty acids for people which could not be synthesized by ourselves, and it must be incepted from outside.ω3PUFA was widely contained in fish oil and seal oil. It was significant to optimize the separation technology ofω3PUFA and actualize industrialization.
The differential equations of thermal transfer based on the analysis of wiped film molecular distillation mathematic model were solved by numerical method. Based on the VKL70 wiped film molecular distiller, the effects of Distillation Temperature on total contents of officinal compositions were primarily discussed by numeric simulation with fish oil and seal oil as feed liquid. The simulation result and experimental data inosculated very well. It provided the foundation for optimization of operating parameter of wiped film distiller. The distance between the evaporation surface and condensation surface of molecular distiller was far more than the molecular average free path. It could be proved to be true by the calculation of molecular free path of fatty acids in fish oil and seal oil under different temperature and pressure. The result showed that the separation effect was hardly changed. So the conclusion made it possible to apply experimental distiller to industrial plant.
In this dissertation, the extraction ofω3PUFA from fish oil and seal oil with VKL70 small scale molecular distillation apparatus and VK200-40 molecular distillation pilot plant from VTA, GERMANY was studied. In distillation process, the influence of operating parameters on total contents and yield of officinal compositions was investigated, such as distillation temperature, feed rate and rotor speed. The optimum processing condition wais obtained, and it layed a foundation for the further industrial manufacture.
A lot of medicinal research showed that the officinal value of esterified EPA、DHA、DPA was very different from the unesterified. Thus the unesterified fish oil and seal oil were used as material to extract the officinal compositions for the first time. The product of high quality and yield was obtained by the molecular distillation technology with unesterified fish oil and seal oil as material.
引文
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[3]Sprecher H, Chen Q, Yin F Q,Regulation of the biosynthesis of 22:5n-6 and 22:6n-3:a complex intracellular process[J],Lipids,1999,34:153-S6
[4]王唯玮,海产油脂中心血管活性物质-高度不饱和脂肪酸的提取分离技术,中国海洋药物,1989,8(3):30
[5]Leaf A,Cardiovascular effects of n-3 fatty acids,N Engl J Cardiol,1988,318:549
[6]金庆华,中国淡水鱼油的研究,淡水生物中 n-3 不饱和脂肪酸的含量研究,中国海洋药物杂志,1997,(2)
[7]S.J.Sarrade,et al,Supercritical CO2 extraction coupled with nanofiltration separation applications to natural products,Separation and Purification Technology,1998,14:19-25
[8]金波,龚春晖,高新分离技术在天然多不饱和脂肪酸功能食品开发中的应用,中国食品添加剂,1996,2:10~15
[9]斋藤正三郎,化学と生物(日),1986,24(2):201
[10]Eisenbach W.Ber,Bunsenges Phys.Chem,1984,88:882
[11]Nilsson W B,Ganglitz E J Jr,Hudson J K,Stout V F,Spinelli J. J.Am.Oil Chem.Soc,1988,65(1):7
[12]Higashidate,Sakae. etal. J,Chromatogy,1990,515:295.
[13]Liang Jer-hour,Hwang Jucy-Sun[J],Journal of the American Oil Chemists'Society,2000,77(7):773-777.
[14]张相年.从深海鱼油中制备提纯 EPA 和 DHA 乙酯的研究,[J],广东药学院学报,1999,15(3):171-173.
[15]李兆新,鱼油高度不饱和脂肪酸工业化提取技术的研究[J],中国海洋药物,1999,(4):24-28
[16]Kawala Z,Stephan K,Evaporation Rate and Separation Factor of Molecular Distillation in a Falling Film Apparatus,Chem. Eng. Techno,1989,(12):406-413
[17]殷红,王真,几种新技术在中药研究中的应用,中国药业,2003,12(10):62-63
[18]Kawala Z,Dakiniewicz P,Influence of evaporation space geometry on rate of distillation in high-vacuum evaporator,Separation science and technology,2002,37(8):1877-1895
[19] Luti?an J,Micov M and Cvengro? J,The influence of Entrainment separator on the process of molecular distillation,Separation science and technology,1998,33(1): 83-96
[20]于鸿寿,王世昌,吴锦元,化学工程手册,第 11,13 篇 蒸馏,化学工业出版社,北京,1989(第三卷)
[21]Burrows G,Molecular distillation,Oxford: Oxford University Press,1960,78-86
[22]Erdweg, K J,Molecular and short path distillation,Chem Ind,1983,(9):342-345
[23]Cvengros J,Lutisan J,Micov M,Feed temperature influence on the efficiency of a molecular evaporator,Chemical Engineering Journal,2000,78(1):61-67
[24]Lutisan J,Cvengros J,Micov M,Heat and mass transfer in the evaporating film of a molecular evaporator,Chemical Engineering Journal,2002,85(2-3):225-234
[25]Kawala Z,Dakiniewicz P,Influence of evaporation space geometry on rate of distillation in high-vacuum evaporator,Separation Science and Technology,2002,37(8):1877-1895
[26]Cvengros J,Pollak S,Micov M,Film wiping in the molecular evaporator,Chemical Engineering Journal,2001,81(1-3):9-14
[27]时宏,郭洪,面向 21 世纪的分子蒸馏单甘酯工业,中国油脂,2000,25(4):38-41
[28]赵国志,分子蒸馏技术在油脂精细化工中的应用(一),粮油食品科技,2000,8(4):25-28
[29]马传国,王兴国,张根旺等,分子蒸馏对高酸值花椒籽油脱酸的初步探讨,中国油脂,2001,26(3):50-52
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