壳聚糖超滤膜的制备及性能研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本论文共包括五章。第一章是综述,对各种现行的化学法、物理化学法处理重金属废水技术的基本原理和特点进行了综述。同时指出在多数方法的处理过程中由于不同程度的加入了某些化学试剂,所以在选用处理方法时应考虑有可能对环境造成的二次污染。
     第二章以壳聚糖为原料,2%乙酸为溶剂,研究了铸膜液组成和若干因素对膜性能的影响。选择适当的膜液组成和制备条件,可以制得截留分子量为67000的超滤膜。该膜对0.1%牛血清蛋白的截留率可达90%以上。
     第三章报道了壳聚糖超滤膜的制备及主要性能,确定了壳聚糖溶液成膜的最佳条件,制备的超滤膜透水速度为3—4mL/cm~2·h,对0.1%牛血清蛋白溶液的截留率可达90%。用此膜对低含量重金属废水进行处理,结果表明:通过调节溶液的pH值,使重金属离子在水溶液中形成胶体,用壳聚糖超滤膜可有效地去除水中pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)等金属离子的氢氧化物。
     第四章采用超滤分离法对中草药茯苓中生命元素Mn、Mg、K进行了初级形态的研究。用0.45μm滤膜将茯苓水煎液分成可溶态和悬浮态。对于可溶态,再用0.22μm、0.15μm、以及分子量分别为5万、1万的超滤膜进行逐级分离。用火焰原子吸收法测定各级滤液中元素含量。结果表明:茯苓水煎液中,Mg、K结合的络和物粒径主要在大于0.22μm和小于3.8nm范围,Mn的络和物粒径分布在不同范围。
     第五章对鹌鹑、鸡、鸭、鹅四种食品蛋中八种生命元素进行了测定,比较了元素在蛋黄和蛋白中的含量,经过与人体血液中相应元素含量对比,发现四种蛋类中八种生命元素的含量与人体血液中相应元素含有相似的分布规律。并且铜、锌、铁、钙、镁、锰六种元素主要存在于蛋黄中,碱金属钾、钠在蛋白中含量略高,显示蛋中金属元素主要以有机态形式存在,是人体金属元素合适比例的补给源。
This paper consists of five chapters. In the first chapter, the fundamentals and features of various methods oftreatment of wastewater containing heavy mentals are reviewed. The problems of re-pollution are raised in the course of wastewater-treatment. The evaluation of various methods of treatment technology are discussed.
    In the second chapter, chitosan and 2% acetic acid were selected to cast membrane. The effects of casting solution composition and several- factors on membrane performance were studied. The UF membrane with molecular weight cut off 67000 can be made by selecting proper composition of casting solution and preparation condition. The rejection was more than 90% in separation of 0.1% Bovine Serum albumin.
    In the third chapter, Preparation and properties of chitosan film were studied . Optimal process conditions of chitosan solution filming were defined. The UF film of water rate is 2-3 mL/ cm2h and the rejection of 0.1% Bovine Serum albumin is more than 90% can be made. The possibilities of removing heavy mental from waste-water with UF film were studied. The experimental results indicated that selecting CS film may be able to remove colloidal heavy mental ions effectively such as Pb2+ Cd2+. Zn2+. Cu2+ hydroxides through changing pH values.
    In the fourth chapter, A method for the primary speciation analysis of Mn, Mg and K in Chinese herbals Poria cocos (schw.) wolf separated by ultrafiltration. The decoction of sample was divided two species including soluble and suspended solid by 0.45祄 filter membrane. All kinds of speciation of mentals were separated furtherly by ultrafiltration membrane of 0.22祄, 0.1 5祄, 6.6nm and 3.8nm. All above mental species were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that the size of compounds of Mg, K is bigger than Q.22[im. Some of them is smaller than 3.8nm. The size of compounds of Mn is distributed in a range of 3.8nm~0.45祄. Others is smaller than 3.8nm.
    
    
    In the fifth chapter, The amounts of eight elements CUN Zn. Mg. Ca. Fe. K and Na in the hen's egg. duck's egg. quail's egg. goose's egg as well as human blood were investigated, respectively. The studied result shows that the distribution of amount of eight elements in the eggs is similar to that of in human blood, and the amount of six elements Qu Zn. 1V. Ca. Fe and Mn in egg whit is much less than that in yolk.
引文
[1] MIMA S., MIYA M., IWAMOTO R. et al. Highly deacetylated chitosan and itsproperties[J]. J Applied Polymer Science, 1983,28(6): 1909~1917
    [2] 张廷安,张亮,王娟等.壳聚糖-戊二醛树脂对金(Ⅲ)的吸附性能及动力学研究[J].有色金属,1999,(2):27
    [3] 张廷安,张亮,王娟等.壳聚糖-戊二醛树脂对铂(Ⅱ)的吸附性能[J].有色金属,1997,(4):35
    [4] OHGA K., KURAUCHI Y., YANASE H. Absorption of Cu~(2+) or Hg~(2+) ion on resin prepared by crosslinking metalcomplexed chitosans[J]. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1987,60(1): 444
    [5] MUZZARELLI R.A.A., Removal of uranium from solution and brines by a derivative of chitosan and ascorbic acid[J]. Carbohydrate Polymer, 1985,5(2):85~89
    [6] MUZZARELLI R. A. A., Tanfani F., N-(O-Carboxybenzyl) chitosan, N-Carboxymethyl chitosan and dithiocarbamate chitosan: new chelating derivertives of chitosan [J]. Pure & Applied Chem., 1982, 54(11): 2141
    [7] 杨智宽,单崇新,苏帕拉.羧甲基壳聚糖对水中Cd~(2+)的絮凝处理研究[J].环境科学与技术.2000,88(1):10~12
    [8] 张廷安,杨欢,赵乃仁,张国悦.用壳聚糖絮凝剂处理含镉(Ⅱ)废水.东北大学学报(自然科学版),2001,22(5):547
    [9] 刘俊良,杨全利,刘明德.含铬废水处理技术综述.河北科技图苑.1997,37(3):13~15
    [10] 牛晓霞.含铬废水的处理方法综述.洛阳大学学报.1999,14(4):39~43.
    
    
    [11] ANN N CLARE, D J Wilson, Separation and Purification Methods,1978, 7(1):55
    [12] 陈小兵.酸性染料生产废水处理工艺的选择.洛阳大学学报.2001,16(4):49~52
    [13] 于欣伟,乐秀毓.用异羟基酸浮选去处Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cr~(3+)的研究.环境科学,1987,8(2):45
    [14] A J RUBBIN, W L Lapp,Separat Sci,1971, 6:357
    [15] G IZUMI, et al, Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 1976, 49(7): 1727
    [16] 余守慧,梁琥琪.用十六烷基三甲基卤化铵处理含铬废水.水处理技术.1982,(3):47
    [17] 孙晓霞,宋秀贤,张波等.粘土—MMH体系对赤潮生物的絮凝作用机制研究.海洋科学.1999,(2):46~49
    [18] 任景玲,张经.表面活性剂在荧光分析测水体内痕量铝中的应用.理化检验.1998,34(4):182~184
    [19] 毛银海,郭泽林.氧化钙二段中和沉淀法处理铜矿酸性废水的应用与改造.给水排水.2003,29(5):46~50
    [20] 陈仕安.铀水治厂废水治理的主要技术、措施与展望.铀矿冶.1998,17(4):263~266
    [21] TIEN-YUNG J CHU, et al, J WPCF,1978, 50(9):2234
    [22] DU PONTANDRE, Pollut Eng, 1987, 19(4):84
    [23] 王军,吴文远.荧光级氧化铕中杂质的控制.包头钢铁学院学报.2002,21(4):329~331
    [24] 傅贤书,黄琼玉.重金属废水的转化法处理.环境化学,1984,(6):10
    [25] 黄琼玉.第二届污染治理学术讨论会文集.中国环境科学学会环境化学专辑委员会.中国科学院环境化学研究所.1985,北京
    [26] 张希衡主编,废水治理工程,冶金工业出版社,1984,北京
    [27] 欧阳纶,高念平.用酸洗废液合成铁氧化净化电镀废水研究.环境化学,1984,3(6):59
    [28] 李军.铁氧体沉淀法处理重金属废水.电镀与环保.1999,19(1):30~31
    
    
    [29] 蔡起华.铁氧体处理含铬、锌、镍、钴、铜废水.环境科学.1979,(1):39
    [30] R E WING, et al, J WPCF,1974, 46(8):2043
    [31] REWING, etal, J Appl polym Sci, 1975, 19(3): 847
    [32] U S Patent, 4 051 316
    [33] U S Patent, 4 083 783
    [34] 邓再辉.不溶性淀粉黄原酸酯在处理含铜废水中的应用.2003,23(3):44~46
    [35] 杨辉荣,黎碧娜,李红缨等.淀粉黄原酸酯的合成及其吸附性能的研究.广州化工.1995,23(2):17~22
    [36] DBHATTACHARYYA, etal, Environ Progr 1987, 6(2): 110
    [37] 王宝庆,陈亚雄,宁平.活性炭水处理技术应用.云南环境科学.2000,19(3):46~50
    [38] 李贞.第二届全国环境科学研究生学术讨论会论文摘要.1988,2:91
    [39] 樊帮堂、包亦毅.第二届污染源治理学术讨论会文集.1985,北京
    [40] 雷国园.重金属离子吸附剂的研究进展.国外金属矿选矿.2000,10:2~6
    [41] 明绍福,席梅兰,李修田.风化煤腐植酸吸附镉离子的研究.哈尔滨科学技术大学学报.1995,19(3):99~103
    [42] 梁仁杰,王楠,姚树森等.风化煤粒状净水剂在印染废水处理中的应用.重庆大学学报(自然科学版).1997,20(4):10~14
    [43] 李虎杰,田煦,易发成.活化沸石对pb~(2+)吸附性能研究.非金属矿.2001,24(2):49~51
    [44] FUSHIMI HIROMU, Waseda Daigaku Rik0-gaku kenkyusho Hokoku, 1980,(89): 88
    [45] U S Patent, 4 067 8945
    [46] 王军民.含重金属废水的处理技术进展.1996,(1):14~15
    [47] 车荣睿.离子交换法治理含铬废水进展.水处理技术.1987,13(6):324
    [48] 周定,杨硕林.新型螯合树脂—木屑柠檬酸酯的合成及其应用.环境化学,1984:(6):30
    [49] 罗道成,易平贵,陈安国等.腐植酸树脂对电镀废水中重金属离子的吸附.
    
    材料保护.2002,35(4):54~56
    [50] 姚美莲,王金良.TBP萃取处理含铬废水的研究.环境科学.1980,(2):55
    [51] GKYUCHOUKOV, et al, Chem Eng Commun.1982, 17:219
    [52] 李书申,吴开芬.大孔径聚砜超滤膜的研究.环境化学.1993,12(6):463
    [53] 吴开芬,李书申.聚醚砜超滤膜的研究.环境化学.1993,12(6):449~453
    [54] 吴玲玲,刘淑秀.聚砜酰胺超滤膜及其应用.水处理技术,1983,9(1):22

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700