大型公共建筑自然采光设计研究
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摘要
现今国内外的大型公共建筑,由于特别的建筑形式,常规传统的自然采光方式很难提供足够的室内照度,因此很多都采用人工照明的方式进行补充,造成了采光能源较高的现实问题。因此,如何通过合理的设计、适当的技术,利用自然光来满足大型公共建筑的室内照度要求,是目前建筑节能设计的重点,也是未来的发展趋势之一。
本文在总结现有自然采光设计理论、技术与工具的基础上,提出了适用于大型公共建筑的自然采光设计流程以及与之配套的自然采光被动式技术和软件模拟工具。基于提出的设计流程,文章着重分析了自然采光被动式技术的优化应用,包括建筑朝向、中庭、天窗、窗玻璃材料、遮阳等,研究了这些技术在大型公共建筑中运用的重点以及需要注意的问题。同时,文章还通过对国内外流行的热环境与光环境模拟软件进行了分析研究,最终结合大型公共建筑的特点提出DeST与Ecotect最适合用于联立分析大型公共建筑的热环境与光环境,并能指导相关优化设计。
在上述研究的基础上,文章总结、归纳并提出了适合大型公共建筑自然采光设计要点,提出采光与室温之间的平衡方法。这些设计要点,适用于一般的大型公共建筑的自然采光设计,能够在提高室内照度与用户满意度的同时,降低建筑照明能耗,达到建筑可持续发展的目的。
最后,文章运用本文所提出的流程、方法、技术,以广州新火车站自然采光设计为实例,具体分析了如何利用建筑朝向、天窗设计和遮阳布置,以获得良好自然采光效果。并运用DeST和Ecotect软件对改造设计方案进行计算机模拟分析。结果显示,通过这些技术的使用,建筑室内照度达到了令人满意的水平,符合国家标准,也兼顾了建筑室内热环境的优化,节约了大量照明能源,为将来的大型公共建筑自然采光设计提供了数据支持。
Currently, the domestic and foreign large-scale public buildings all have deep depth, so the common traditional nature lighting mode is hard to provide sufficient illumination, therefore, they basically adopt the mode of artificial illumination to supplement, which cause the reality of high cost lighting energy. Therefore, how to utilize nature light to meet the indoor illumination requirements of large-scale public buildings through rational design and appropriate technology, is the focus of building energy-saving design currently, is also the trend of future development.
This article proposes the nature lighting design process of large-scale public buildings based on summarizing current nature lighting design theory and technology. Based on the proposed design process, this article focuses on analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of specific technologies such as building orientation, atrium, skylight, shading, etc., researches the application focuses of these technologies and the disadvantages need to overcome. Meanwhile, the article also through the domestic and international popular hot environment and light environment simulation software were analyzed, finally combining the characteristics of large-scale public buildings DeST and Ecotect proposed most suitable simultaneous analysis of thermal environment construction with light environment, and instruct the related optimization design.
Based on the above studies, this article concluded, summarized and proposed design features which are suitable for the nature lighting of large-scale public buildings, proposed balanced method between lighting and room temperature. These design features can be apply into the nature lighting design of common large-scale public buildings, can increase the indoor illumination and customer satisfaction and also reduce the energy consumption of the building at the same time, to achieve the purpose of sustainable development of the buildings.
Finally, this article applies the process, methods and technologies in the passage, takes the New Guangzhou Railway Station as example, analyzes how to obtain good nature lighting effects by using building orientation, skylight design and shading collocation in detail. And use DeST and Ecotect software to do computer simulation analysis on the rebuilding design plan. The result turns out that, the indoor illumination reached a satisfying lever by using these technologies, accords with national standards, and also pays attention on the optimization of indoor thermal environment, saves abundant lighting energy, and provides data support to the nature lighting design of future large-scale public buildings.
本文在总结现有自然采光设计理论、技术与工具的基础上,提出了适用于大型公共建筑的自然采光设计流程以及与之配套的自然采光被动式技术和软件模拟工具。基于提出的设计流程,文章着重分析了自然采光被动式技术的优化应用,包括建筑朝向、中庭、天窗、窗玻璃材料、遮阳等,研究了这些技术在大型公共建筑中运用的重点以及需要注意的问题。同时,文章还通过对国内外流行的热环境与光环境模拟软件进行了分析研究,最终结合大型公共建筑的特点提出DeST与Ecotect最适合用于联立分析大型公共建筑的热环境与光环境,并能指导相关优化设计。
在上述研究的基础上,文章总结、归纳并提出了适合大型公共建筑自然采光设计要点,提出采光与室温之间的平衡方法。这些设计要点,适用于一般的大型公共建筑的自然采光设计,能够在提高室内照度与用户满意度的同时,降低建筑照明能耗,达到建筑可持续发展的目的。
最后,文章运用本文所提出的流程、方法、技术,以广州新火车站自然采光设计为实例,具体分析了如何利用建筑朝向、天窗设计和遮阳布置,以获得良好自然采光效果。并运用DeST和Ecotect软件对改造设计方案进行计算机模拟分析。结果显示,通过这些技术的使用,建筑室内照度达到了令人满意的水平,符合国家标准,也兼顾了建筑室内热环境的优化,节约了大量照明能源,为将来的大型公共建筑自然采光设计提供了数据支持。
Currently, the domestic and foreign large-scale public buildings all have deep depth, so the common traditional nature lighting mode is hard to provide sufficient illumination, therefore, they basically adopt the mode of artificial illumination to supplement, which cause the reality of high cost lighting energy. Therefore, how to utilize nature light to meet the indoor illumination requirements of large-scale public buildings through rational design and appropriate technology, is the focus of building energy-saving design currently, is also the trend of future development.
This article proposes the nature lighting design process of large-scale public buildings based on summarizing current nature lighting design theory and technology. Based on the proposed design process, this article focuses on analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of specific technologies such as building orientation, atrium, skylight, shading, etc., researches the application focuses of these technologies and the disadvantages need to overcome. Meanwhile, the article also through the domestic and international popular hot environment and light environment simulation software were analyzed, finally combining the characteristics of large-scale public buildings DeST and Ecotect proposed most suitable simultaneous analysis of thermal environment construction with light environment, and instruct the related optimization design.
Based on the above studies, this article concluded, summarized and proposed design features which are suitable for the nature lighting of large-scale public buildings, proposed balanced method between lighting and room temperature. These design features can be apply into the nature lighting design of common large-scale public buildings, can increase the indoor illumination and customer satisfaction and also reduce the energy consumption of the building at the same time, to achieve the purpose of sustainable development of the buildings.
Finally, this article applies the process, methods and technologies in the passage, takes the New Guangzhou Railway Station as example, analyzes how to obtain good nature lighting effects by using building orientation, skylight design and shading collocation in detail. And use DeST and Ecotect software to do computer simulation analysis on the rebuilding design plan. The result turns out that, the indoor illumination reached a satisfying lever by using these technologies, accords with national standards, and also pays attention on the optimization of indoor thermal environment, saves abundant lighting energy, and provides data support to the nature lighting design of future large-scale public buildings.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2007.北京：中国统计出版社.2007
[2]清华大学建筑节能研究中心.中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告2009.北京：中国建筑工业出版社.2009
[3]江亿.我国建筑能耗状况与节能重点.建设科研(建设部).2007(5)：26-29
[4]http://baike.baidu.com/view/3032719.htm
[5]吴东,耿诺.绿色阳光与空间的杰作.北京日报.2007(1)5-6
[6]A. Zain-Ahmed K. Sopian M. Y. H. Othman, A. A. M Sayigh and P. N. Surendran. Daylighting as a passive solar design strategy in tropical buildings. A case study of Malaysia 2007:43
[7]Ying Hua, Anne Oswald and Xiaodi Yang. Effectiveness of daylighting design and occupant visual satisfaction in a LEED Gold laboratory building. New York:Crown pud 2008:54
[8]C. Aghemo, A. Pellegrino, and V.R.M. LoVerso. The approach to daylighting by scale models and sun and sky simulators:A case study for different shading systems2008:20
[9]H. Altan, I. Ward, J. Mohelnikova and F. Vajkay. An internal assessment of the thermal comfort and daylighting conditions of a naturally ventilated building with an active glazed facade in a temperate climate.NewYork:Oxford University.2009(9):12
[10]Francis Miguet, Francis Miguet, Dominique Groleau. A daylight simulation spaces-application to transmitted direct and diffuse light through glazing. Building and Environment.2002:833-843
[11]国家自然科学基金委员会.工程与材料科学部.建筑、环境与土木工程.北京：科学出版社,2006：82-84
[12]孙汉群,傅抱璞.对等辐照方位与建筑朝向的选择,山西建筑2009(9)
[13]徐蕾,王欢.基于能耗控制的采光中庭空间形态构成影响因子研究.浙江大学2008(6)
[14]谢浩.公共建筑天窗的设计策略.广东工业大学
[15]郝鹏,张锐.当代建筑中常见玻璃材料简介.中国建筑东北设计研究院
[16]黄勇.建筑遮阳方式研究.哈尔滨工业大学
[17]庚晋.充分采用自然光—绿色照明的重要通途.光源与照明.2003.(1)：11
[18]杨建中.买用型BIV P光电玻璃幕墙.住宅产业.2006.(5)：70-71
[19][英]理查·萨克森著.戴复东等译.中庭建筑——开发与设计.中国建筑工业出版社1990.(6)
[20]黄勇,崔泽锋.建筑遮阳方式研究.哈尔滨工业大学2008(6)：35-38
[21]http://baike.baidu.com/view/3032719.htm
[22]王崇杰,温超,赵学义.影响建筑中庭热舒适度的几个因素及改善措施.华中建筑,2006,(3)：80-83
[23]王向宁.中庭式商业建筑室内热环境研究.保定：华北电力大学.2005
[24]郎勉华.一种良好的通风采光天窗——横向避风天窗.机械工厂设计.1982.(3)：8
[25]刘加平.建筑物理(第三版).北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2000(5)
[26]沈天行,天然采光的未来.建筑学报.1992.(1)：52-54
[27]郝鹏,张锐.当代建筑中常见玻璃材料简介.中国建筑东北设计研究院
[28]Source.1997 ASHRAE Handbook:Fundamentals.1997
[29]Markku Joker, IEA-BCS AXXLX 30 Bring simulation into application. Subtask 2, Design Process Analysis, Final report.
[30]梁智尧,严钧Ecotect生态建筑技术在建筑设计中的应用实例.建筑设计与技术,2008(7)：36-41
[31]高履泰.现代建筑的天然光环境.华中建筑.1999(2)：53-57
[32]谢浩.周祥.室内环境的天然光效果控制.室内设计.2004(4)：31-35.
[33]李保峰.“双层皮”幕墙类型分析及应用展望.建筑学报.2001(11)：28-31
[34]屈睿.大型商业建筑自然通风与采光设计研究.[武汉理工大学硕士学位论文].2010.5
[35]李晓瑶.自然光与现代建筑设计.郑州大学,2006
[36]姚文丹,张海洋.浅析公共建筑中庭的空间设计.黑龙江科技信息.2009(6)
[37]杨倩苗,高辉.中庭的天然采光设计.建筑学报.2007(9)：68
[38]童英姿,王丽方.天窗设计艺术与技术.中国建筑工业出版社.2008：77-97
[39]黄勇,崔泽锋.建筑遮阳方式研究.哈尔滨工业大学2008(6)：23-25
[40]郝鹏.当代建筑中常见玻璃材料简介.中国建筑东北设计研究院
[2]清华大学建筑节能研究中心.中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告2009.北京：中国建筑工业出版社.2009
[3]江亿.我国建筑能耗状况与节能重点.建设科研(建设部).2007(5)：26-29
[4]http://baike.baidu.com/view/3032719.htm
[5]吴东,耿诺.绿色阳光与空间的杰作.北京日报.2007(1)5-6
[6]A. Zain-Ahmed K. Sopian M. Y. H. Othman, A. A. M Sayigh and P. N. Surendran. Daylighting as a passive solar design strategy in tropical buildings. A case study of Malaysia 2007:43
[7]Ying Hua, Anne Oswald and Xiaodi Yang. Effectiveness of daylighting design and occupant visual satisfaction in a LEED Gold laboratory building. New York:Crown pud 2008:54
[8]C. Aghemo, A. Pellegrino, and V.R.M. LoVerso. The approach to daylighting by scale models and sun and sky simulators:A case study for different shading systems2008:20
[9]H. Altan, I. Ward, J. Mohelnikova and F. Vajkay. An internal assessment of the thermal comfort and daylighting conditions of a naturally ventilated building with an active glazed facade in a temperate climate.NewYork:Oxford University.2009(9):12
[10]Francis Miguet, Francis Miguet, Dominique Groleau. A daylight simulation spaces-application to transmitted direct and diffuse light through glazing. Building and Environment.2002:833-843
[11]国家自然科学基金委员会.工程与材料科学部.建筑、环境与土木工程.北京：科学出版社,2006：82-84
[12]孙汉群,傅抱璞.对等辐照方位与建筑朝向的选择,山西建筑2009(9)
[13]徐蕾,王欢.基于能耗控制的采光中庭空间形态构成影响因子研究.浙江大学2008(6)
[14]谢浩.公共建筑天窗的设计策略.广东工业大学
[15]郝鹏,张锐.当代建筑中常见玻璃材料简介.中国建筑东北设计研究院
[16]黄勇.建筑遮阳方式研究.哈尔滨工业大学
[17]庚晋.充分采用自然光—绿色照明的重要通途.光源与照明.2003.(1)：11
[18]杨建中.买用型BIV P光电玻璃幕墙.住宅产业.2006.(5)：70-71
[19][英]理查·萨克森著.戴复东等译.中庭建筑——开发与设计.中国建筑工业出版社1990.(6)
[20]黄勇,崔泽锋.建筑遮阳方式研究.哈尔滨工业大学2008(6)：35-38
[21]http://baike.baidu.com/view/3032719.htm
[22]王崇杰,温超,赵学义.影响建筑中庭热舒适度的几个因素及改善措施.华中建筑,2006,(3)：80-83
[23]王向宁.中庭式商业建筑室内热环境研究.保定：华北电力大学.2005
[24]郎勉华.一种良好的通风采光天窗——横向避风天窗.机械工厂设计.1982.(3)：8
[25]刘加平.建筑物理(第三版).北京.中国建筑工业出版社,2000(5)
[26]沈天行,天然采光的未来.建筑学报.1992.(1)：52-54
[27]郝鹏,张锐.当代建筑中常见玻璃材料简介.中国建筑东北设计研究院
[28]Source.1997 ASHRAE Handbook:Fundamentals.1997
[29]Markku Joker, IEA-BCS AXXLX 30 Bring simulation into application. Subtask 2, Design Process Analysis, Final report.
[30]梁智尧,严钧Ecotect生态建筑技术在建筑设计中的应用实例.建筑设计与技术,2008(7)：36-41
[31]高履泰.现代建筑的天然光环境.华中建筑.1999(2)：53-57
[32]谢浩.周祥.室内环境的天然光效果控制.室内设计.2004(4)：31-35.
[33]李保峰.“双层皮”幕墙类型分析及应用展望.建筑学报.2001(11)：28-31
[34]屈睿.大型商业建筑自然通风与采光设计研究.[武汉理工大学硕士学位论文].2010.5
[35]李晓瑶.自然光与现代建筑设计.郑州大学,2006
[36]姚文丹,张海洋.浅析公共建筑中庭的空间设计.黑龙江科技信息.2009(6)
[37]杨倩苗,高辉.中庭的天然采光设计.建筑学报.2007(9)：68
[38]童英姿,王丽方.天窗设计艺术与技术.中国建筑工业出版社.2008：77-97
[39]黄勇,崔泽锋.建筑遮阳方式研究.哈尔滨工业大学2008(6)：23-25
[40]郝鹏.当代建筑中常见玻璃材料简介.中国建筑东北设计研究院