单内廊式建筑内廊自然采光优化策略研究
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摘要
城市环境的恶化与能源的短缺导致了对天然可再生资源利用的追求,建筑节能成为低碳社会发展的主题。目前,由于建筑大量使用人工照明,建筑照明就成为了能源浪费的一个重要方面,所以为实现节能减排,呼吁建筑自然采光越来越成为当今的一大热点话题。
建筑的自然采光不仅会影响到建筑的能耗,还不同程度的影响到使用者的使用舒适度。本文以单内廊式建筑内廊为研究对象,采用现场实测与数值模拟相结合的研究方法,全面了解和评价建筑内走廊的采光特征。获得内走廊自然采光的照度与采光系数的数值,进行分析并提出具体改善措施。
本文重点研究了以下内容:在比较前人对建筑自然采光的研究方法和研究模型之后,分析建筑内走廊自然采光的特点,并对内走廊采光的各种影响因素及采光标准进行分析与总结。然后选取河北工程大学内的部分建筑的内走廊进行了全面的测试,得到了建筑内走廊采光的照度数据值,并分析其变化规律,总结其影响因素。并着重对比建筑形式对建筑内走廊自然采光的影响。另外,提出了采用Ecotect和Radiance进行计算机模拟,将实测数据与实际模拟情况进行对比,对软件使用的可行性进行验证。通过资料查询,在调查分析的基础上,理论上提出可行的方案与措施。最后通过三种优化方案进行模拟,并将模拟的结果与实际的模拟结果进行比较,分析内走廊自然采光的各种因素对其影响的大小,并提出改善的具体建议。
The destroy of the environment and the lack of resources result in the pursue of making fuller use of the environment. Therefore low carbon living became the theme of the society development. And building energy conservation is the basis. As too much architectual lighting result in huge resources waste, natural lighting is becoming a hot topic.
Not only does natural lighting of the architecture affect the the energy consumption problem of the building, it also affects the comfort level. A comprehensive measurement combined with numerical simulation was carried out in the researchhas, the light environment characteristics of this district were obtained and evaluated,and the distribution of the thermal parameters in this space was predict through simulation,then the improvement measures were proposed.
the Several issues were studied in this paper:First of all is the analysis of the features of the natural lighting of the corridors within the building based on the study of the research methods and models of the former researchers, and also the analysis and summary of the factors which affect natural lighting of the architecture. Secondly is the checkout of the corridors in some buildings of Hebei University of Engineering, thus knowing the data value of the natural lignting of the corridors within the buildings. And then analyse the law, summarize the affectable factors. Paying more attention to the effect which the form of the architecture does on natural lighting. Besides, putting for ward the using of Ecotect and Radianceto do computer imitation so as to make a contrast of the data.Thirdly, compare the real data with the result of the computer imitation, then put forward the feasible solutions.Lastly is the imitation and the contrast, and some suggestions for improvement.
建筑的自然采光不仅会影响到建筑的能耗,还不同程度的影响到使用者的使用舒适度。本文以单内廊式建筑内廊为研究对象,采用现场实测与数值模拟相结合的研究方法,全面了解和评价建筑内走廊的采光特征。获得内走廊自然采光的照度与采光系数的数值,进行分析并提出具体改善措施。
本文重点研究了以下内容:在比较前人对建筑自然采光的研究方法和研究模型之后,分析建筑内走廊自然采光的特点,并对内走廊采光的各种影响因素及采光标准进行分析与总结。然后选取河北工程大学内的部分建筑的内走廊进行了全面的测试,得到了建筑内走廊采光的照度数据值,并分析其变化规律,总结其影响因素。并着重对比建筑形式对建筑内走廊自然采光的影响。另外,提出了采用Ecotect和Radiance进行计算机模拟,将实测数据与实际模拟情况进行对比,对软件使用的可行性进行验证。通过资料查询,在调查分析的基础上,理论上提出可行的方案与措施。最后通过三种优化方案进行模拟,并将模拟的结果与实际的模拟结果进行比较,分析内走廊自然采光的各种因素对其影响的大小,并提出改善的具体建议。
The destroy of the environment and the lack of resources result in the pursue of making fuller use of the environment. Therefore low carbon living became the theme of the society development. And building energy conservation is the basis. As too much architectual lighting result in huge resources waste, natural lighting is becoming a hot topic.
Not only does natural lighting of the architecture affect the the energy consumption problem of the building, it also affects the comfort level. A comprehensive measurement combined with numerical simulation was carried out in the researchhas, the light environment characteristics of this district were obtained and evaluated,and the distribution of the thermal parameters in this space was predict through simulation,then the improvement measures were proposed.
the Several issues were studied in this paper:First of all is the analysis of the features of the natural lighting of the corridors within the building based on the study of the research methods and models of the former researchers, and also the analysis and summary of the factors which affect natural lighting of the architecture. Secondly is the checkout of the corridors in some buildings of Hebei University of Engineering, thus knowing the data value of the natural lignting of the corridors within the buildings. And then analyse the law, summarize the affectable factors. Paying more attention to the effect which the form of the architecture does on natural lighting. Besides, putting for ward the using of Ecotect and Radianceto do computer imitation so as to make a contrast of the data.Thirdly, compare the real data with the result of the computer imitation, then put forward the feasible solutions.Lastly is the imitation and the contrast, and some suggestions for improvement.
引文
[1]刘雅凝.办公建筑的天然采光与能耗研究[D].天津大学建筑学院,2008
[2]沈天行.天然光的未来[J].建筑学报,1992,7:52-54
[3]陈仲林.平均天空光计算[J].重庆建筑工程学院院报,1990,12(2):17~22
[4]马晔.公共建筑单侧窗采光与能耗研究[D].天津大学建筑学院,2007
[5]陈红兵,办公建筑的天然采光与能耗分析[D].天津大学,2004
[6]张慧青.对自然光之于建筑空间的解读[D].山东大学建筑学院,2009
[7]Guwwski M.Daylighting for Sustainable Design[M] .
[8]寇向光.自然光在公共建筑内环境设计中的应用[D].太原理工大学,2008
[9][日]安藤忠雄.光·材料·空间[J].世界建筑,2001(2):31~35
[10]徐璐璐,苏继会.安藤忠雄与他的诗意建筑[J]建筑与规划理论,2006,3:11~12
[11] Whitehead L, Koytlicki A,Mackay D,Schultz J,E.J.Lee 2004,CIE Lighting Conference Report“Experience and perspective of HLG systems development and Application”
[12] Guy R. Newsham,Roger Luminances in Offices,by Evolution March and anti 7ennifer A. Veitch. Preferred Surface TOTTRNAT,OF TES Winter 2004:14~29
[13]A. K. Athienitis, A. Tzempelikos. A methodology for simulation of daylight room illuminance distribution and light dimming for a room with a controlled shading device. [J].Solar Energy.2002(72):271~281
[14]Francis Miguet., Dominique Groleau.A daylight simulation tool for urban and architectural to transmitted direct and diffuse light through glazing. [J].Building and Environment.2002,(37):833~843
[15]JenningsJD, Rubinstein FM,DiBartlomeo D,BlancSL.Comparison of control options in and advanced lighting controls testbed. [J].Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Socienty 2000 (2):39~60
[16][德]赫尔穆特·考斯特著,王宏伟译.动态自然采光建筑原理与应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[17] http://bbs.topenergy.org/thread-21864-1-1.html
[18]陈淑雯.展览建筑中过渡空间的光环境研究[D].中央美术学院,2010
[19]彭一刚.建筑空间组合论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004
[20]弗兰克·盖里[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2002
[21]W·王.H·库索利茨.20世纪精品建筑集锦[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[22]罗小未.外国近现代建筑史[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[23]张文忠.公共建筑设计原理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004
[24]李峥嵘、郁盛、李浩.村镇办公建筑自然采光口设计对建筑节能的影响研究[J].建筑节能,2010,1(227):25~28
[25]彭鹏,郑洁,周玉礼.顶部采光的节能分析[J]照明工程学报2008,18(1):9~12
[26]刘加平.建筑物理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[27]肖辉乾等译.日光与建筑[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1988
[28]陈世训.中国的气候[M].北京:新知识出版社,1957
[29]Robbins.Claud L..Dlighting[M].Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.1986
[30]詹庆旋.建筑光环境[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988
[31] http://baike.baidu.com/view/213666.htm
[32] GB/T50033-2001,《建筑采光设计标准》[S]
[33]杨公侠.视觉与环境[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1985
[34]曹蒙.天津市居住区夜间光污染评价体系研究[D].天津大学建筑学院,2008
[35]赵炎.住宅小区室外热环境实测与模拟[D].重庆大学建筑与环境工程学院,2008
[36]李卓.雍和宫法轮殿天然光环境研究[D].天津大学建筑学院,2007
[37]GB5699-1985采光测量方法[S]
[38] IGIliadis,The Natural Lighting in the Dome of the Rotunda at Lighting Res[J].Technol,2005(3):183~198
[39] Edward Ng,Khee-PohLam,WeiWu,The Application of Computer Simulation Techniques to the Design and Preservation of a National Momument
[40]尤伟、吴蔚.浅析运用Radiance模拟天然采光[J].照明工程学报,2008,19(1):25~32
[41] DHWLi,Lau BEng AMIMechE,JC Lam“Predicting daylight illuminance by computer simulation techniques”Lighting[J] .Technol. 2004,36(2):113~129
[42]Marie-Claude Dubois.“Shading devices and daylight quality: an evaluation based on simple performance indicators”Lighting Res[J].Technol. 2003,35(1):61~76
[43]云鹏.ecotect建筑环境设计教程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[44] Grey Ward Larson,Rob A.Shakespear. Rendering with radiance.[M]. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,1998
[45]http://ecotecct.com/home
[46]http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance
[47]万澧.上海高校校园建筑热环境性能化评价与建筑设计策略初探—以同济大学C楼为例[D].同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,2008
[48][美]玛丽·古佐夫斯基.可持续建筑自然光的运用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[49]Roger H.dark and Micjael Pause.Precedents in Architeture[M].New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold,1985,196
[50]Frank Lloyd Wroght.The Natural House[M].New York:Horizon Press,1954,187
[51]H·E·Beckett and J·A·Godfrey.Windows and David Button and Brian Pye,eds.Glass in Building[M].Oxford :Butter-worth Architecture.1993.
[52]郭保振.自然采光控制策略研究与节能分析[D].山东大学,2008
[53] Evans B. Daylight in architecture[M].New York:Ncgraw-Hill,1981
[54] Capeluto I G The influence of the urban environment on the availability of the daylighting in office buildings in Israel[J].Building and Environment,2003 (6):752~754
[55]王欢.基于能耗控制的采光中庭空间形态构成影响因子研究[D].浙江大学,2008
[56] Mostaedi Arian,Reborn buildings[M].Carles Brotoi Comerma,1990
[57] Cristina Montes New offices.Loft Publication S. L. and Harper Design International,2003
[58]张九红,李辉,冯军.既有建筑天然光环境的改造[J] .沈阳建筑大学学报,2010,26(2):369~374
[59]Ayers M J,Carter D J. Remote-source electric lighting system[J].LightingResearch &Technology,2004,27(1):65-69
[60]Davidson N,Linnaea T.Daylight and productivity-is there a causal link[M ] .Tampere:Finland Building Press,1997
[61]Ross Mc,Paul J.Homeowners guide to choose the best residential window options for the Florida cli-mate[M ].Florida:Florida Solar Energy Center,2002
[2]沈天行.天然光的未来[J].建筑学报,1992,7:52-54
[3]陈仲林.平均天空光计算[J].重庆建筑工程学院院报,1990,12(2):17~22
[4]马晔.公共建筑单侧窗采光与能耗研究[D].天津大学建筑学院,2007
[5]陈红兵,办公建筑的天然采光与能耗分析[D].天津大学,2004
[6]张慧青.对自然光之于建筑空间的解读[D].山东大学建筑学院,2009
[7]Guwwski M.Daylighting for Sustainable Design[M] .
[8]寇向光.自然光在公共建筑内环境设计中的应用[D].太原理工大学,2008
[9][日]安藤忠雄.光·材料·空间[J].世界建筑,2001(2):31~35
[10]徐璐璐,苏继会.安藤忠雄与他的诗意建筑[J]建筑与规划理论,2006,3:11~12
[11] Whitehead L, Koytlicki A,Mackay D,Schultz J,E.J.Lee 2004,CIE Lighting Conference Report“Experience and perspective of HLG systems development and Application”
[12] Guy R. Newsham,Roger Luminances in Offices,by Evolution March and anti 7ennifer A. Veitch. Preferred Surface TOTTRNAT,OF TES Winter 2004:14~29
[13]A. K. Athienitis, A. Tzempelikos. A methodology for simulation of daylight room illuminance distribution and light dimming for a room with a controlled shading device. [J].Solar Energy.2002(72):271~281
[14]Francis Miguet., Dominique Groleau.A daylight simulation tool for urban and architectural to transmitted direct and diffuse light through glazing. [J].Building and Environment.2002,(37):833~843
[15]JenningsJD, Rubinstein FM,DiBartlomeo D,BlancSL.Comparison of control options in and advanced lighting controls testbed. [J].Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Socienty 2000 (2):39~60
[16][德]赫尔穆特·考斯特著,王宏伟译.动态自然采光建筑原理与应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[17] http://bbs.topenergy.org/thread-21864-1-1.html
[18]陈淑雯.展览建筑中过渡空间的光环境研究[D].中央美术学院,2010
[19]彭一刚.建筑空间组合论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004
[20]弗兰克·盖里[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2002
[21]W·王.H·库索利茨.20世纪精品建筑集锦[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[22]罗小未.外国近现代建筑史[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[23]张文忠.公共建筑设计原理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004
[24]李峥嵘、郁盛、李浩.村镇办公建筑自然采光口设计对建筑节能的影响研究[J].建筑节能,2010,1(227):25~28
[25]彭鹏,郑洁,周玉礼.顶部采光的节能分析[J]照明工程学报2008,18(1):9~12
[26]刘加平.建筑物理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[27]肖辉乾等译.日光与建筑[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1988
[28]陈世训.中国的气候[M].北京:新知识出版社,1957
[29]Robbins.Claud L..Dlighting[M].Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.1986
[30]詹庆旋.建筑光环境[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988
[31] http://baike.baidu.com/view/213666.htm
[32] GB/T50033-2001,《建筑采光设计标准》[S]
[33]杨公侠.视觉与环境[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1985
[34]曹蒙.天津市居住区夜间光污染评价体系研究[D].天津大学建筑学院,2008
[35]赵炎.住宅小区室外热环境实测与模拟[D].重庆大学建筑与环境工程学院,2008
[36]李卓.雍和宫法轮殿天然光环境研究[D].天津大学建筑学院,2007
[37]GB5699-1985采光测量方法[S]
[38] IGIliadis,The Natural Lighting in the Dome of the Rotunda at Lighting Res[J].Technol,2005(3):183~198
[39] Edward Ng,Khee-PohLam,WeiWu,The Application of Computer Simulation Techniques to the Design and Preservation of a National Momument
[40]尤伟、吴蔚.浅析运用Radiance模拟天然采光[J].照明工程学报,2008,19(1):25~32
[41] DHWLi,Lau BEng AMIMechE,JC Lam“Predicting daylight illuminance by computer simulation techniques”Lighting[J] .Technol. 2004,36(2):113~129
[42]Marie-Claude Dubois.“Shading devices and daylight quality: an evaluation based on simple performance indicators”Lighting Res[J].Technol. 2003,35(1):61~76
[43]云鹏.ecotect建筑环境设计教程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[44] Grey Ward Larson,Rob A.Shakespear. Rendering with radiance.[M]. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,1998
[45]http://ecotecct.com/home
[46]http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance
[47]万澧.上海高校校园建筑热环境性能化评价与建筑设计策略初探—以同济大学C楼为例[D].同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,2008
[48][美]玛丽·古佐夫斯基.可持续建筑自然光的运用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[49]Roger H.dark and Micjael Pause.Precedents in Architeture[M].New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold,1985,196
[50]Frank Lloyd Wroght.The Natural House[M].New York:Horizon Press,1954,187
[51]H·E·Beckett and J·A·Godfrey.Windows and David Button and Brian Pye,eds.Glass in Building[M].Oxford :Butter-worth Architecture.1993.
[52]郭保振.自然采光控制策略研究与节能分析[D].山东大学,2008
[53] Evans B. Daylight in architecture[M].New York:Ncgraw-Hill,1981
[54] Capeluto I G The influence of the urban environment on the availability of the daylighting in office buildings in Israel[J].Building and Environment,2003 (6):752~754
[55]王欢.基于能耗控制的采光中庭空间形态构成影响因子研究[D].浙江大学,2008
[56] Mostaedi Arian,Reborn buildings[M].Carles Brotoi Comerma,1990
[57] Cristina Montes New offices.Loft Publication S. L. and Harper Design International,2003
[58]张九红,李辉,冯军.既有建筑天然光环境的改造[J] .沈阳建筑大学学报,2010,26(2):369~374
[59]Ayers M J,Carter D J. Remote-source electric lighting system[J].LightingResearch &Technology,2004,27(1):65-69
[60]Davidson N,Linnaea T.Daylight and productivity-is there a causal link[M ] .Tampere:Finland Building Press,1997
[61]Ross Mc,Paul J.Homeowners guide to choose the best residential window options for the Florida cli-mate[M ].Florida:Florida Solar Energy Center,2002