MAP保鲜特色果蔬的研究
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摘要
本论文针对宁波市特色果蔬如雷竹笋、杨梅和水蜜桃的保鲜问题,研究了MAP对鲜切雷竹笋的保鲜机理以及MAP对杨梅和水蜜桃的保鲜效果,为MAP在果蔬保鲜方面实现产业化开发应用提供理论和实践的依据。
     通过简单的模型估算和正交试验,确定了MAP保鲜鲜切雷竹笋的最佳条件为0.04mmPE袋、2%O_2、5%CO_2。在10℃条件下贮藏,MAP抑制了雷竹笋的褐变,延缓了总糖、还原糖和蛋白质的降解,维持了雷竹笋的原有品质,使雷竹笋的货架期延长6d以上。MAP抑制了雷竹笋MDA含量和POD、PAL活性的上升,但未能抑制多酚含量和PPO活性的上升。另外,MAP还延缓了PG、纤维素酶活性的降低,从而维持了果胶的分解;抑制了纤维素和木质素的生成,从而抑制了雷竹笋的木质化。
     通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定了MAP保鲜杨梅的较佳条件为0.04mmPE袋、10%O_2、10%℃O_2。MAP尽管不能有效地抑制杨梅霉菌的生长,却降低了杨梅的腐烂率,使杨梅在2℃下的货架期达20d。另外,MAP还延缓其总糖、总酸、Vc和花色苷的降解,维持了杨梅的品质。
     室温下MAP能显著抑制水蜜桃的失重,延缓桃的软化和褐变,使水蜜桃有较好的品质,5%O_2+5%CO_2的效果优于自发气调。1℃条件下的贮藏中,针对不同气体成分和不同包装薄膜厚度的保鲜研究表明,5%O_2+5%CO_2的保鲜效果优于1%O_2+10%CO_2和5%O_2+10%CO_2;采用0.03mm厚的PE袋包装保鲜优于0.04mm和0.05mm厚的PE袋。
According to the analysis of and research of MAP on fruits and vegetables, we studied the preservation mechanism of the fresh-cut bamboo shoots and effects of Chinese Bayberry and peach using modified atmosphere packaging, which would supply the theoretical and practical gist for the industrialization of MAP on fruits and vegetables.
    The best conditions to preserve the fresh-cut bamboo shoots were founded as 0.04mmPE films, 2% O2, 5% CO2 when simple model estimate and orthogonal tests were used. MAP could inhibit the browning and retard the decomposition of total sugar, reducing sugar, and protein, which maintained the fresh-cut bamboo shoots' quality and prolonged their shelf-life at least 6 days. MAP also inhibited the MDA contents and POD, PAL activities, however it had no effect on polyphenol contents and PPO activity. MAP also maintained PG, cellulase activity and pectin contents, and retarded composition of cellulose and lignin which promoting lignification of bamboo shoots.
    The best conditions to preserve the Chinese Bayberry were founded as 0.04mmPE films, 10% O2, 10% CO2 when one factor and orthogonal tests were used. Though MAP could not inhibit the growth of moulds, it could reduce the rot loss of Chinese Bayberry. It retarded decomposing of total sugar, total acid, Vc and anthocyanin, and extended the shelf life to 20 days.
    MAP could significantly inhibit weight loss, and retard browning and softening of peach. The effect of 5% O2+5% C02 was better than spontaneity MAP. The results also showed that the effect of 5% O2+5% CO2 was better than 1% O2+ 10%CO2, and the effect of 0.03mm PE films was better than 0.04mm and 0.05m PE films.
引文
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