综放工作面煤岩性状识别方法研究
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摘要
综放开采在厚煤层开采中约占50%以上。因受诸多因素制约,放顶煤仍由工人通过目测或耳听判断煤岩性状来控制,极易造成“欠放”或“过放”现象。本文探讨了煤岩性状识别的技术瓶颈,开展了煤矿井下综放工作面顶煤放落试验,获得了大量真实工况下的试验数据,对不同工况下不同测点的振动信号进行了时域和小波包分析,得出了液压支架后尾梁处测点为较佳测点,峭度指标对工况最为敏感,顶煤放落和顶板岩石放落时频带能量分布不同;对不同工况下液压支架后尾梁范围内的声音信号进行了时域和小波包分析,发现其时域指标均有变化,且方差变化最为明显,频带能量分布区别明显;研究了顶煤放落和顶板岩石放落时放煤口图像信号的灰度直方图,并提取了灰度均值,发现顶煤放落时灰度均值为66左右,顶板岩石放落时灰度均值为130左右;探讨了基于振动信号、声音信号和图像信号特征的煤岩性状识别方法,丰富了综放工作面煤岩性状识别理论和方法,为放顶煤开采的自动化和智能化提供了理论基础和技术前提。
Over50%in quantity of coal production is exploited via fully mechanized caving mining. Topcoal caving is under manual control by coal workers through the observation of coal and rock traitswith naked eyes or ears, which results in "less caving" or "over caving" phenomenon easily becauseof many restrictions in fully mechanized caving face. The author analyzed the technical bottlenecksof the traits identification of coal and rock. The top coal caving experiments were carried out atfully mechanized faces underground, and the on-spot data in quantity were acquired. The vibrationdata from different measuring points under different conditions were analyzed in time domain andwavelet Packet analysis, found that (1) the measurement point at the rear beam of the sublevelcaving hydraulic support were the better point,(2) the kurtosis index is more sensitive to theworking conditions,(3)the distribution of the frequency band energy is different under theconditions of the caving of top coal and the caving of top rock. The acoustic data at the rear beamof the sublevel caving hydraulic support under different conditions were analyzed in time domainand wavelet Packet analysis, found that (1) time domain indexes are changed under differentworking conditions, and the variance's variation is most obvious,(2) the frequency band energydistribution is different under different working conditions. The gray level histograms of the imagesignal at the coal falling outlet were studied under the conditions of the caving of top coal and thecaving of top rock and the mean values were calculated, found that (1) the gray level of the imagemainly distributes in the range of10-100under the condition of coal falling, while in range of90-220under the condition of rock falling,(2) The mean values of the gray level are different obviously, about66under the condition of coal falling while about130under the condition of rockfalling. At last, the method on coal and rock character recognition were investigated based onvibrating signal, acoustic signal and image signal respectively. This Paper riches the theory andmethod on the traits recognition of coal and rock in fully mechanized caving mining, and providessome theoretical basis and technical premise for the automation and intellegence offull-mechanized caving mining.
引文
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