吉林省白石山林业局阔叶树种子园总体设计
摘要
吉林省是我国的重点木材产地，多年来为我国经济建设做出重大贡献。随着天然林保护工程的实施，木材产量大幅度下降，所产木材远不能适应经济发展的需要。为解决这一矛盾，应从营造人工林出发，营造生长速度快、遗传增益高、木材质量优、性能表现稳的人工林是首要任务。要实现这个目标，最便捷、可靠的途径是生产与其相适应的林木良种，营建林木种子园是生产良种的最佳途径。
吉林省林区虽然营建了部分林木种子园，由于在优树选择时只注重生长性状，忽视了结实性状，因而所建种子园的结实量低。目前吉林省大部分造林用种遗传质量低，很少具备速生、丰产、优质的性状。另外，过去吉林省种子园建设的树种选择只注重针叶树，缺少阔叶树，造成良种品种单一等问题。本设计利用现代林木遗传育种理论，对白石山林业局阔叶树种子园进行总体设计。提出了经营方案，确定了生产任务，制定了优树选择方案、优树数量和建园技术。对基地工程、机构设置、投资概算等进行了全面规划设计。
本设计是对现代林木遗传育种理论与方法的实践和应用。该项目建成后，除可获得巨大的经济效益外，还可获得无法估量的生态效益和社会效益，将有力推动林业与生态建设事业的发展。
Jilin Province is the key place of origin of timber in China and has made significant dedication for economic construction in China for many years. Along with the performance of the natural forest protection project, the output of timber goes down to great extent, so the timber produced can't meet the demand of economic development. In order to resolve the contradiction, we should start with building the artificial forest, then, our primary assignment is to build the artificial forest with rapid speed of development, high augment of heredity, perfect quality of timber and steady expression of character. The most convenient and reliable channel is produce the suitable fine breed of timber to realize that target, while the best way to produce the fine breed is to build the seed garden of timber.
Though the forest areas of Jilin Province have built part seed gardens of timber, the durability is weak because of only paying attention to the character of development and omitting the character of durability when choosing excellent seeds of tree. At present, most of the seeds of forestations in Jilin Province possess low quality of heredity and less character of rapid development, abundant production and perfect quality. Moreover, we only paid attention to conifer and omitted the broadleaf forest when choosing the seeds of tree for the seed gardens in the past of Jilin Province, and caused the problem of unitary variety. This paper gives the seed orchard design for broadleaf species of Baishishan forest bureau by means of modern forestry genetics breeding theory, puts out management scheme and productive task, and makes out the scheme of plus tree selection and techniques of established seed orchard, and takes the plan and design for base engineering, office setting and investment plan etc.
The project is the application and practice of the hereditary breed theory and method of modern timber. After succeeding in performing the project, we will obtain unappreciable ecological and social benefit besides great economic benefit, and strongly push forward the development of forest industry and ecological construction affairs.
吉林省林区虽然营建了部分林木种子园，由于在优树选择时只注重生长性状，忽视了结实性状，因而所建种子园的结实量低。目前吉林省大部分造林用种遗传质量低，很少具备速生、丰产、优质的性状。另外，过去吉林省种子园建设的树种选择只注重针叶树，缺少阔叶树，造成良种品种单一等问题。本设计利用现代林木遗传育种理论，对白石山林业局阔叶树种子园进行总体设计。提出了经营方案，确定了生产任务，制定了优树选择方案、优树数量和建园技术。对基地工程、机构设置、投资概算等进行了全面规划设计。
本设计是对现代林木遗传育种理论与方法的实践和应用。该项目建成后，除可获得巨大的经济效益外，还可获得无法估量的生态效益和社会效益，将有力推动林业与生态建设事业的发展。
Jilin Province is the key place of origin of timber in China and has made significant dedication for economic construction in China for many years. Along with the performance of the natural forest protection project, the output of timber goes down to great extent, so the timber produced can't meet the demand of economic development. In order to resolve the contradiction, we should start with building the artificial forest, then, our primary assignment is to build the artificial forest with rapid speed of development, high augment of heredity, perfect quality of timber and steady expression of character. The most convenient and reliable channel is produce the suitable fine breed of timber to realize that target, while the best way to produce the fine breed is to build the seed garden of timber.
Though the forest areas of Jilin Province have built part seed gardens of timber, the durability is weak because of only paying attention to the character of development and omitting the character of durability when choosing excellent seeds of tree. At present, most of the seeds of forestations in Jilin Province possess low quality of heredity and less character of rapid development, abundant production and perfect quality. Moreover, we only paid attention to conifer and omitted the broadleaf forest when choosing the seeds of tree for the seed gardens in the past of Jilin Province, and caused the problem of unitary variety. This paper gives the seed orchard design for broadleaf species of Baishishan forest bureau by means of modern forestry genetics breeding theory, puts out management scheme and productive task, and makes out the scheme of plus tree selection and techniques of established seed orchard, and takes the plan and design for base engineering, office setting and investment plan etc.
The project is the application and practice of the hereditary breed theory and method of modern timber. After succeeding in performing the project, we will obtain unappreciable ecological and social benefit besides great economic benefit, and strongly push forward the development of forest industry and ecological construction affairs.
引文
1．吉林省林业勘察设计院．《吉林省白石山林业局经营方案》1992．
2．王明庥．林木遗传育种学．北京：中国林业出版社．2001．
3．南京林产工业学院主编．林木遗传育种学．北京：科学出版社．1980．
4．《林木育种学》编写组编．林木遗传育种学．北京：中国林业出版社．1993．
5．南京林学院树木育种研究室编著．林木良种选育方法．北京：中国林业出版社．1984．
6．王明庥．林木育种学概论．北京：中国林业出版社．1989．92～143．
7．E．K．Morgeristen．《优树选择：评论与展望》．1974．
8．陈岳武．《林木选择育种的理论和方法》．1982．
9．王晓茹．沈熙环．油松种子园花粉飞散规律的研究．辽宁林业科技．1996．(6)：1～5．
10．J．P．Miksche编．张培果等译．森林遗传学实验新技术．中国林业出版社．1981．
11．南京林产工业学院主编．树木遗传育种学．北京：科技出版社 1982．
12．刘录．等．樟子松种子园种子播种品质研究．吉林林业科技．1996(6)：1～5．
13．齐鸿儒．红松人工林．北京：中国林业出版社．1991．69～118．
14．周国模．目标规划在同龄林木收获调整中的应用．北京林业大学学报．1989．16：89～94．
15．沈熙环主编．种子园优质高产技术[M]．北京：中国林业出版社．1994．
16．沈熙环主编．种子园技术．北京：中国林业出版社．1990．
17．叶镜中．森林经营学．北京：中国林业出版社．1989．
18．吕相军．韩国新等．树木种子园经营管理技术．辽宁林业科技．1999．
19．方添源．滨海砂地二代更新树种选择实验．福建林业科技．1992．19(1)：39～40．
20. Logan, A.F. Australian Acacia for pupwood, ACIAR proceedings[J], 1986. 16:89～94.
21. Shelboune C.J.A. Genetic gains from different kinds of breeding population and seed or plant production poprlation. South Afrcan Forestry Journal. 1992, 150. March 49～60.
22. Buchert,G.P.O.P.Rajora,J.VHood & B.P.Dancik.1997.Effectof harvesting on genetic diversity in old-growth eastem white pinein Ontario,Cananda Conservation Biology,11:747～758.
23. Burczyk,J,W,T, Adams &J.Y.Shimizu.1997.Mating system andgenetic diversity in natural populations of knbcone pine(Pinusattenuata),Forest Genetics,4.223～226.
24. Hamrick,JL,1991.Allozyme drversity of natural stands bersus seed orchard oblolly pine In:Magnussen,S,J.Lavereau &T,J,Boyleeds.Maintaining biodiversity:should we bi concemed?Proceed-ings of the twenty-third meeting of Canadian tree improvementassociation.Ottawa:Forestry Canada.19～23.
25. Lindgren.D &Y.A.E1-Kassaky.1989Genetic consequences of combining selective cone haervesting and percentfilled seeds.Canadian orchard.Silvae Genetica,38(2):65～70.
26. MKINLEY, c.r.&M.W.Cunningham.1983.Theoretical effects of seed orchard rouging on selling and percentfilled seeds.Canadian Journal of Forestry Research,1 (13):187～190.
27. Murawski.D.A.I.A.U.N.Gunattilleke &K.B.Bawa.1994.The effects of selective loging on inbreeding in Shorea megistophylla.(Dipterocarpaceae)from Sri.Lanka.Conservation Biology,8:997～1002.
28. Zheng, T. Q. &R. Ennos. 1997. Changes in the mating systems of popu-lations of Pinus caribaea Morelet var.caribaea underdo-mestication.Forest Genetics, 4:209～215.27ref.
2．王明庥．林木遗传育种学．北京：中国林业出版社．2001．
3．南京林产工业学院主编．林木遗传育种学．北京：科学出版社．1980．
4．《林木育种学》编写组编．林木遗传育种学．北京：中国林业出版社．1993．
5．南京林学院树木育种研究室编著．林木良种选育方法．北京：中国林业出版社．1984．
6．王明庥．林木育种学概论．北京：中国林业出版社．1989．92～143．
7．E．K．Morgeristen．《优树选择：评论与展望》．1974．
8．陈岳武．《林木选择育种的理论和方法》．1982．
9．王晓茹．沈熙环．油松种子园花粉飞散规律的研究．辽宁林业科技．1996．(6)：1～5．
10．J．P．Miksche编．张培果等译．森林遗传学实验新技术．中国林业出版社．1981．
11．南京林产工业学院主编．树木遗传育种学．北京：科技出版社 1982．
12．刘录．等．樟子松种子园种子播种品质研究．吉林林业科技．1996(6)：1～5．
13．齐鸿儒．红松人工林．北京：中国林业出版社．1991．69～118．
14．周国模．目标规划在同龄林木收获调整中的应用．北京林业大学学报．1989．16：89～94．
15．沈熙环主编．种子园优质高产技术[M]．北京：中国林业出版社．1994．
16．沈熙环主编．种子园技术．北京：中国林业出版社．1990．
17．叶镜中．森林经营学．北京：中国林业出版社．1989．
18．吕相军．韩国新等．树木种子园经营管理技术．辽宁林业科技．1999．
19．方添源．滨海砂地二代更新树种选择实验．福建林业科技．1992．19(1)：39～40．
20. Logan, A.F. Australian Acacia for pupwood, ACIAR proceedings[J], 1986. 16:89～94.
21. Shelboune C.J.A. Genetic gains from different kinds of breeding population and seed or plant production poprlation. South Afrcan Forestry Journal. 1992, 150. March 49～60.
22. Buchert,G.P.O.P.Rajora,J.VHood & B.P.Dancik.1997.Effectof harvesting on genetic diversity in old-growth eastem white pinein Ontario,Cananda Conservation Biology,11:747～758.
23. Burczyk,J,W,T, Adams &J.Y.Shimizu.1997.Mating system andgenetic diversity in natural populations of knbcone pine(Pinusattenuata),Forest Genetics,4.223～226.
24. Hamrick,JL,1991.Allozyme drversity of natural stands bersus seed orchard oblolly pine In:Magnussen,S,J.Lavereau &T,J,Boyleeds.Maintaining biodiversity:should we bi concemed?Proceed-ings of the twenty-third meeting of Canadian tree improvementassociation.Ottawa:Forestry Canada.19～23.
25. Lindgren.D &Y.A.E1-Kassaky.1989Genetic consequences of combining selective cone haervesting and percentfilled seeds.Canadian orchard.Silvae Genetica,38(2):65～70.
26. MKINLEY, c.r.&M.W.Cunningham.1983.Theoretical effects of seed orchard rouging on selling and percentfilled seeds.Canadian Journal of Forestry Research,1 (13):187～190.
27. Murawski.D.A.I.A.U.N.Gunattilleke &K.B.Bawa.1994.The effects of selective loging on inbreeding in Shorea megistophylla.(Dipterocarpaceae)from Sri.Lanka.Conservation Biology,8:997～1002.
28. Zheng, T. Q. &R. Ennos. 1997. Changes in the mating systems of popu-lations of Pinus caribaea Morelet var.caribaea underdo-mestication.Forest Genetics, 4:209～215.27ref.