高速铁路采空区路基变形数值模拟分析
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摘要
桩板结构是随着铁路的建设而出现的一种新型轨下基础结构形式,桩板结构在郑西客专湿陷性黄土路基、武广客专软土路基处理中有着很好的效果,但把桩板结构应用于高速铁路采空区的路基处理尚属较新颖的研究课题,对于这种处理方法,尚无规范可循而且关于这方面的文献也十分少。对于此类工程,目前通常只是依靠经验来指导施工。
本文基于合福铁路五府山车站试验段断面一DK499+920、断面二DK499+940,通过岩土有限差分软件FLAC3D进行三维数值建模,分析研究了,断面一、断面二在路堤填筑荷载作用下的沉降变形规律；桩板结构的荷载传递机理等。主要研究内容和成果如下：
(1)对开采沉陷理论、采空区路(地)基变形、采空区稳定性及采空区治理技术的国内外研究现状进行了系统的总结,同时分析总结了采空区变形及稳定性的数值模拟方法。
(2)对断面一、断面二实际工况的数值分析表明,桩板结构可以有效地将上部荷载传递到桩周土层中去,减小了桩间土体所承担的荷载,也就有效地减小了地层的压缩量以及地基的总沉降量,同时有效减小了采空区的变形,证明桩板结构对于采空区路基具有良好的加固效果。
(3)对断面一、断面二沉降变形规律进行研究,分析发现：在相同填筑荷载作用下,桩身长的沉降量要小于桩身短的沉降量；穿过采空巷道的桩和没有穿过采空巷道的桩两者沉降量相差不大；四桩中心与两桩中心桩间土的沉降量在相同填筑荷载作用下基本相同；路肩处桩顶的沉降量要小于路基中心处桩顶的沉降量；桩土相对位移随着路堤填土高度的增加而增大。
(4)对断面一、断面二荷载传递机理进行研究,分析表明：在路堤填筑荷载作用下,轴力沿桩身总体呈上大下小,在采空巷道范围内,轴力保持不变；桩身侧摩阻力沿桩身分布总体呈先增大后减小,在采空巷道处侧摩阻力为0；桩土应力比以及桩土荷载分担比都随着路堤填筑高度的增加而逐渐增大并最终趋于一稳定值。
Pile-plank structure is a kind of new-type form of basic structure under the rail with the appearance of the construction of railway, the pile-plank structure has a good effect on dealing with the collapsible loess subgrade of Zhengzhou-Xian passenger dedicated line and the soft soil subgrade of Wuhan-Guangzhou passenger dedicated lines, but it is a new research topic that the pile-plank structure is applied to the treatment of subgrade above mined-out area in high-speed railway. For this kind of processing method, there are no norms to be followed and the literature in this area is also very little. For this kind of project, usually just rely on the experience to guide the construction at present,
In this dissertation, based on the embankment section of DK499+920and DK499+940in Wufushan railway station, the three-dimensional numerical modeling is built by geotechnical finite difference software FLAC3D, it is analyzed and studied that the settlement and deformation rules of section one and section two under the embankment load and the load transfer mechanism of the pile-plank structure and so on. The main contents and results are as follows:
(1) Summarize systematically the present situation of the research on the theory of mining subsidence, the deformation of subgrade above mined-out area, the stability of mined-out area, the disposal technology for mined-out area at home and abroad. At the same time, the numerical simulation methods for subgrade deformation and stability above mined-out area are analyzed.
(2) Analyze the numerical value of the two sections, which shows that the pile-plank structure can transmit effectively the upper load to the soil around piles, reduces significantly the pressure on the soil among piles, reduces effectively the amount of compression of the stratum and the total settlement of the ground, and reduces effectively the deformation of subgrade above mined-out area. All above prove that pile-plank structure has good reinforcement effect on subgrade above mined-out area.
(3) Study on the settlement and deformation rules of the embankment of the two embankment sections which suggest that settlement of the long pile should be less than the settlement of the short pile in the same embankment load; the settlement of piles through the mined-out area and the other piles which are not through the mined-out area has little difference; the central soil settlement of four piles and two piles is essentially the same under the same embankment load; the settlement of pile top on the shoulder is smaller than that in the centre of the subgrade; the relative displacement between the pile and the soil increase with the increment of the height of embankment fill.
(4) Study on the load transfer mechanism of the embankment of the two embankment sections which suggests that the axial force along the pile body is large small distribution under the embankment load, the axial force remains constant in the mined-out area; the distribution of the skin frictional resistance of the pile increases first and then decreases along the pile, the skin frictional resistance of the pile is zero in the mined-out area; both the Pile-soil stress ratio and the pile-soil load share ratio increase gradually with the increment of the height of the embankment fill, and eventually tend to a stable value.
本文基于合福铁路五府山车站试验段断面一DK499+920、断面二DK499+940,通过岩土有限差分软件FLAC3D进行三维数值建模,分析研究了,断面一、断面二在路堤填筑荷载作用下的沉降变形规律；桩板结构的荷载传递机理等。主要研究内容和成果如下：
(1)对开采沉陷理论、采空区路(地)基变形、采空区稳定性及采空区治理技术的国内外研究现状进行了系统的总结,同时分析总结了采空区变形及稳定性的数值模拟方法。
(2)对断面一、断面二实际工况的数值分析表明,桩板结构可以有效地将上部荷载传递到桩周土层中去,减小了桩间土体所承担的荷载,也就有效地减小了地层的压缩量以及地基的总沉降量,同时有效减小了采空区的变形,证明桩板结构对于采空区路基具有良好的加固效果。
(3)对断面一、断面二沉降变形规律进行研究,分析发现：在相同填筑荷载作用下,桩身长的沉降量要小于桩身短的沉降量；穿过采空巷道的桩和没有穿过采空巷道的桩两者沉降量相差不大；四桩中心与两桩中心桩间土的沉降量在相同填筑荷载作用下基本相同；路肩处桩顶的沉降量要小于路基中心处桩顶的沉降量；桩土相对位移随着路堤填土高度的增加而增大。
(4)对断面一、断面二荷载传递机理进行研究,分析表明：在路堤填筑荷载作用下,轴力沿桩身总体呈上大下小,在采空巷道范围内,轴力保持不变；桩身侧摩阻力沿桩身分布总体呈先增大后减小,在采空巷道处侧摩阻力为0；桩土应力比以及桩土荷载分担比都随着路堤填筑高度的增加而逐渐增大并最终趋于一稳定值。
Pile-plank structure is a kind of new-type form of basic structure under the rail with the appearance of the construction of railway, the pile-plank structure has a good effect on dealing with the collapsible loess subgrade of Zhengzhou-Xian passenger dedicated line and the soft soil subgrade of Wuhan-Guangzhou passenger dedicated lines, but it is a new research topic that the pile-plank structure is applied to the treatment of subgrade above mined-out area in high-speed railway. For this kind of processing method, there are no norms to be followed and the literature in this area is also very little. For this kind of project, usually just rely on the experience to guide the construction at present,
In this dissertation, based on the embankment section of DK499+920and DK499+940in Wufushan railway station, the three-dimensional numerical modeling is built by geotechnical finite difference software FLAC3D, it is analyzed and studied that the settlement and deformation rules of section one and section two under the embankment load and the load transfer mechanism of the pile-plank structure and so on. The main contents and results are as follows:
(1) Summarize systematically the present situation of the research on the theory of mining subsidence, the deformation of subgrade above mined-out area, the stability of mined-out area, the disposal technology for mined-out area at home and abroad. At the same time, the numerical simulation methods for subgrade deformation and stability above mined-out area are analyzed.
(2) Analyze the numerical value of the two sections, which shows that the pile-plank structure can transmit effectively the upper load to the soil around piles, reduces significantly the pressure on the soil among piles, reduces effectively the amount of compression of the stratum and the total settlement of the ground, and reduces effectively the deformation of subgrade above mined-out area. All above prove that pile-plank structure has good reinforcement effect on subgrade above mined-out area.
(3) Study on the settlement and deformation rules of the embankment of the two embankment sections which suggest that settlement of the long pile should be less than the settlement of the short pile in the same embankment load; the settlement of piles through the mined-out area and the other piles which are not through the mined-out area has little difference; the central soil settlement of four piles and two piles is essentially the same under the same embankment load; the settlement of pile top on the shoulder is smaller than that in the centre of the subgrade; the relative displacement between the pile and the soil increase with the increment of the height of embankment fill.
(4) Study on the load transfer mechanism of the embankment of the two embankment sections which suggests that the axial force along the pile body is large small distribution under the embankment load, the axial force remains constant in the mined-out area; the distribution of the skin frictional resistance of the pile increases first and then decreases along the pile, the skin frictional resistance of the pile is zero in the mined-out area; both the Pile-soil stress ratio and the pile-soil load share ratio increase gradually with the increment of the height of the embankment fill, and eventually tend to a stable value.
引文
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[3]陈晓斌,张家生,安关峰等.高速公路采空区地面变形计算方法[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(2)：191—197
[4]张向东,张淑坤、高速公路与下伏采空区相互作用分析[J].科学技术与工程,2008,8(2)：436-440
[5]时环生.田德铁路小龙煤矿采空区的地质选线[J].铁道工程学报,2007,(9)：14-17
[6]刘玉祥,张群喜.玲珑金况巷道塌陷治理[J].有色金属,2006,58(4)：86-88
[7]C. P. Liao. Fuzzy influence function method for calculating mine subsidence in a horizontal seam [J]. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,1993(4):235-270
[8]O'connor K.M,Mtlrphy E.W.TDR Monitoring as a component of subsidence risk assessment [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, v34, n 3-4, Apr-Jun,1997,619-630
[9]Kewal K.Kohli. Investigation of subsidence event over multiple seam mining area, Proceedings of the llth International Conference on Ground Control in Mining,Jul 7-10,1992, Wollongong,462-465
[10]Sheorey PR, Singh KB. Ground subsidence observations and a modified influence function method for complete subsidence prediction [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2000(5):801-818
[11]Palchik,V. Prediction of hollows in abandoned underground workings at shallow depth [J]. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, v18, n 1,2000,39-51
[12]刘宝琛,廖国华.煤矿地表移动的基本规律[M].北京,中国工业出版,1965,45-86
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