不同豆油添加量对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响
摘要
选用日龄、平均体重相近、公母各半的三元杂交(杜长大)断奶仔猪72头，断奶日龄为34±2天，采用完全随机单因子设计将其分成4个处理，每个处理设3个重复，对照组按试验猪场原饲养水平饲养，试验1、2、3组，分别按0.6％、4％、5.5％的添加比例添加油脂(豆油)，在此基础上设计对照组、试验1、2、3组蛋能比分别为14.2，12.8，12.6，12.5(g／MJ)。
试验结果表明：
1．在试验期0-2周，各项指标的差异均未达到显著水平。日增重、采食量、饲料转化率随油脂添加量增加而增加，以4％的豆油组最高。因此，断奶后0-2周的日粮添加油脂不影响仔猪生长性能。2-4周，各项指标均随豆油添加量提高而变化，且以4％的豆油添加水平最好(p＜0.05)，饲料转化率也相对较高。综上所述，试验期0-4周日增重、采食量的变化，4％的豆油处理组显著高于其它处理组(p＜0.05)，日增重分别比0％、0.6％、和5.5％豆油处理组分别提高26.2％、20.4％和19.8％。本试验表明，过高比例(5.5％)的油脂添加，生产性能的各项指标均有所下降。
2．试验1组、试验2组腹泻率低于对照组；试验3组仔猪腹泻率高于对照组；其中试验2组(4％豆油)仔猪腹泻率最低。
3．试验结束后，分别从每组每个重复随机抽取一头猪作胰腺脂肪酶和空肠脂肪酶活性测定。结果表明，对照组、试验1、2、3组胰腺脂肪酶活性及空肠脂肪酶活性差异不显著(p＞0.05)。说明，随着日龄的增加，达到断奶后4周末，添加油脂对脂肪酶活性没有显著影响。
本试验，以4％油脂添加组脂肪酶活性最高。
Seventy-two health crossbred weanling pigs(DurocxLandracexLarge Yorshire),with same ages and average initial body weight,and the same amounts of male and female,wlich were weaned on the days of 34? and then were assigned to four dietary treatments according to completely randomly individual factorial design.Each treatment has three repeats.The control group was fed as uaual feeding level.Grease were added at the ratio of 0.6% 4% and5.5% respectively to the trial groups of 1, 2, 3, on the base of which different ratios of 14.2% 12.8%, 12.6% 12.5%g/MJ of protein and energy were designed for control group and the trial groups of 1, 2, 3
The results showed that:
1.Growth performance: During the phase 1(0 to 2 weeks),there was no significant different of each indexAverage daily gain(ADG) Average daily feed intake(ADFI) feed conversion ratio (FCR) were increased with the increasement of grease.The trial group with 4% grease was highest among of them.Therefore,adding grease has no effect on the growth performance of piglets on the 0 to 2 weeks after weaned.During the phase 2(2 to 4 weeks),each index all have changes as second gear curve with the increasement of grease .Among of dl the treatments,the group with 4% grease was best,ADG and ADFI of which were significantly higher than that of the treatments with 0% 0.6% 5.5%of grease(P<0.05),and FCR is higher than them.In conclusion,ADG and ADFI have the secong gear curve changes on the 0 to 4 weeks,and the treatment with 4% of grease was significantly higher than that of other
groups(P<0.05).ADG of the treatment with 4% of grease was improved 26.2% 20.4%and 19.8% than the treatments with 0% 0.6%and 5.5% of grease.So we can have the conclusion:adding too high ratio(5.5%) of grease to the diet,each index of growth performance would be graded.
2. Diarrhea rate: Diarrhea rate of the first treatment and second treatment were lower than control group, but the third group was higher than control group; Diarrhea rate of the second group (4% of grease)was the lowest.
3. One piglet was randomly selected from each repeat to appraise the activity of pancreas fat enzyme and enteron fat enzyme. The results showed that the activity of fat enzyme had no significant difference among the treatments(P>0.05). At implied that soybean oil had no significant influence on the activity of fat enzyme after four weeks. The actioity of fat enzyme of 4% soybean oil treatment was highest.
试验结果表明：
1．在试验期0-2周，各项指标的差异均未达到显著水平。日增重、采食量、饲料转化率随油脂添加量增加而增加，以4％的豆油组最高。因此，断奶后0-2周的日粮添加油脂不影响仔猪生长性能。2-4周，各项指标均随豆油添加量提高而变化，且以4％的豆油添加水平最好(p＜0.05)，饲料转化率也相对较高。综上所述，试验期0-4周日增重、采食量的变化，4％的豆油处理组显著高于其它处理组(p＜0.05)，日增重分别比0％、0.6％、和5.5％豆油处理组分别提高26.2％、20.4％和19.8％。本试验表明，过高比例(5.5％)的油脂添加，生产性能的各项指标均有所下降。
2．试验1组、试验2组腹泻率低于对照组；试验3组仔猪腹泻率高于对照组；其中试验2组(4％豆油)仔猪腹泻率最低。
3．试验结束后，分别从每组每个重复随机抽取一头猪作胰腺脂肪酶和空肠脂肪酶活性测定。结果表明，对照组、试验1、2、3组胰腺脂肪酶活性及空肠脂肪酶活性差异不显著(p＞0.05)。说明，随着日龄的增加，达到断奶后4周末，添加油脂对脂肪酶活性没有显著影响。
本试验，以4％油脂添加组脂肪酶活性最高。
Seventy-two health crossbred weanling pigs(DurocxLandracexLarge Yorshire),with same ages and average initial body weight,and the same amounts of male and female,wlich were weaned on the days of 34? and then were assigned to four dietary treatments according to completely randomly individual factorial design.Each treatment has three repeats.The control group was fed as uaual feeding level.Grease were added at the ratio of 0.6% 4% and5.5% respectively to the trial groups of 1, 2, 3, on the base of which different ratios of 14.2% 12.8%, 12.6% 12.5%g/MJ of protein and energy were designed for control group and the trial groups of 1, 2, 3
The results showed that:
1.Growth performance: During the phase 1(0 to 2 weeks),there was no significant different of each indexAverage daily gain(ADG) Average daily feed intake(ADFI) feed conversion ratio (FCR) were increased with the increasement of grease.The trial group with 4% grease was highest among of them.Therefore,adding grease has no effect on the growth performance of piglets on the 0 to 2 weeks after weaned.During the phase 2(2 to 4 weeks),each index all have changes as second gear curve with the increasement of grease .Among of dl the treatments,the group with 4% grease was best,ADG and ADFI of which were significantly higher than that of the treatments with 0% 0.6% 5.5%of grease(P<0.05),and FCR is higher than them.In conclusion,ADG and ADFI have the secong gear curve changes on the 0 to 4 weeks,and the treatment with 4% of grease was significantly higher than that of other
groups(P<0.05).ADG of the treatment with 4% of grease was improved 26.2% 20.4%and 19.8% than the treatments with 0% 0.6%and 5.5% of grease.So we can have the conclusion:adding too high ratio(5.5%) of grease to the diet,each index of growth performance would be graded.
2. Diarrhea rate: Diarrhea rate of the first treatment and second treatment were lower than control group, but the third group was higher than control group; Diarrhea rate of the second group (4% of grease)was the lowest.
3. One piglet was randomly selected from each repeat to appraise the activity of pancreas fat enzyme and enteron fat enzyme. The results showed that the activity of fat enzyme had no significant difference among the treatments(P>0.05). At implied that soybean oil had no significant influence on the activity of fat enzyme after four weeks. The actioity of fat enzyme of 4% soybean oil treatment was highest.
引文
1. Cera K R, Mahan D C, Reinhart G A. Effect of weaning week postweaning and diet comp composition on pancreatic and small intestinal alminal reaponse in young swine .Anim sci,1990,68:384—391.
2. Mahan D C and AJ Lepine .Effect of pig weaning weight and associated feeding programs on subsequent performance to 105 kilograms body weight [J].Anim Sci, 1991,69:1370-1378.
3．吕景智，早期断奶仔猪腹泻的病因、预防及治疗[J]．畜禽业，2002(3)：2-3．
4．郭小权，断奶仔猪营养性性腹泻及其综合预防措施[J]．江西饲料，2001，(5)：11-12．
5．方俊，蛋氨酸螯含锌替代无机锌对仔猪的影响．饲料研究，2003(2)：9-11．[J]．畜牧兽医学报，1995，26(3)：200-206．
6. Dove C R, Haydon K D. The effect of copper and fat addition to the diets of weanling swine on growth performance and serum fatty acids. J Anim Sci ,1992,70: 805-810.
7. Sarah Mellor. The way to piglet health is through the gut. pig progress, 2000, 16(8):28-29.
8. Wilson R H.J Leibholz. Digestion in the pig between 7 and 35d of age 5.The incorporation of acids absorbed in the small inyestines into the emptybody gain of pigs gven milk or soybean proteins [J].Br J Nutr ,1981,45:359.
9. Lindemann M D. Effect of age ,weaning and dia on digestive enzyme levels in the
piglet[J].Anim Sci, 1986,62:1298-1307.
10. Dove. The effect of copper level on nutrient utilization of wearling pigs, J Anim Sci,1995,73:166-171.
11. Cera K R. Effect of age ,weaning and post-weaning diet on a small intestinal growth andjejunal morphology in young swine [J].J Anim Sci 1988,66:514584
12．陈代文，饲粮蛋白水平和豆饼用量对仔猪断奶后腹泻和生长发育的影响[J]畜牧兽医学报，1995，26(6)：508-514．
13. Catanan R ,Zimmerman D R . Spray Dried Porcine Plasma(SDPP)as a source of protein for weaning pigs. Anim Sci ,1990,68:68-374.
14．陈代文．日粮抗原与早期断奶仔猪腹泻的关系[J]．国外畜牧科技，1994，(1)：37-40．
15．米正文，仔猪饲养研究近况[J]．养猪，1994，(2)：3．
16．凌波，提高断奶仔猪采食量至关重要[J]．国外畜牧科技，1994，(6)：19．
17．吴继芳，仔猪饲料配制及其营养需要特点[J]．中国饲料，1995，(16)：19．
18．陈代文，杨凤，陈可容．补料及开食料中不同种类蛋白质对仔猪过敏反应及腹泻程度的，影响畜牧兽医学报，1995，26(3)：200-206．
19．段俊堂，异源蛋白在治疗仔猪腹泻中的应用[J]．上海畜牧兽医通讯，1999，(5)：22．
20．顾炯，顾建平，膨化大豆部分替代大豆粕对断奶仔猪的影响，养猪，2000(3)：21．
21．王枝阳，陈松明．断奶仔猪日粮中添加复方中草药添加剂的饲喂效果试验，湖南畜牧兽医，2001(5)：12-13．
22．朱贯泉，王重龙，仔猪断奶应激的影响因素及防制措施，安徽农业科学，2000，28(5)：662-664．
23. Chun Zhou . Positive feedback from pre- wean therapy. Pig Progress, 2000, 16(7):18-19.
24．张鹤亮，呙于明．断奶仔猪脂肪营养研究进展．中国饲料，1998，19：15-17．
25. Hampson D J .Attempts to modify changes in the piglet small intestine after weaning [J].Res Vet Sci ,1986,40:313-317.
26. Editors. The way to control the piglet's death. International pig Progress, 2000, 15(7):29.
27．夏中生，许朝芳，潘天彪．断奶仔猪饲粮中添加蔗果低聚糖效果试验，粮食与饲料工业，1999，11：40-41．
28．吴毕元，中成药鞣酸苦参碱对断奶仔猪增重效果的初探，四川畜牧兽医，2001，28(8)：23．
29. Li D F, et al .Transient hypersensitivity to soybean meal in the earlyweaned pig. J Anim sci 68:1790-1799.
30. Friesen K F et al. The effect of pre-and postweaning exposure to soybean meal on growth performance and on the immune response in the earlyweaned pig.J Anim sci, 1993,71:2089-2098.
31．张振斌，蒋宗勇，林映才．超早期断奶应激对仔猪消化酶活性的影响初报．中国畜牧杂志，1999,35(6)：6-7．
32. Miller B G. The importance of dietary antigen in the cause of postweaning diarrhea in pigs [J]Am J Vet Res,1984,45(9):1728-1733.
33. Kelley D J ,J.O Brien and K J, McCracken .Effect of creep feeding on the incidence, duration and severity of postweaning diarrhoea in pigs [J].Res Vet Sci ,1990,49:223-228.
34. Kevin Halpin . Enharcing piglet performance by creating a synergy of simple sugars .Feed Management ,2000,51(5):13-18.
35. Millet B G. Influence of diet on postweaning malabsorption and diarrhea in the pig [J].Res Vet Sci ,1984.36:187-193.
36．陈代文，早期断奶仔猪腹泻的营养性病因初探[J]．四川农业大学学报，1988，
6(3)：237-240．
37．王茂荣，早期断奶仔猪营养的研究状况，饲料工业，2001，22(1)：11-14．
38．管武太，血浆蛋白粉改善断奶仔猪生产性能的机理，北京农业大学学报，1994(10)：451-455
39．陶常义．早期断奶仔猪腹泻的原因分析与营养调控．湖南饲料．2003(2)：18-20．
40．高峰，江芸，周光宏．寡果粮对断奶仔猪生长、代谢和免疫的影响．畜牧与兽医．2001，33(6)：8-9．
41. Hampson D J. Alterations in piglet small instestinal struture at weaning [J].Res Vet Sci ,1986,40:32-40.
42．刘影，早期断奶仔猪的营养调控．饲料研究．2001，(2)：20-22．
43．杨玉芬，乳糖与纤维对于防止仔猪腹泻的重要作用，饲料工业，2001，22(2)：13．
44．张鹤亮，呙于明．天津白猪断奶仔猪日粮油脂添加量及适宜消化能水平的研究．中国畜牧杂志，1999，35(6)：22-24．
45. Somabo. Diet and disease pig International ,2001.31(2):20
46．冯定远，日粮营养与仔猪免疫功能的完善．国外畜牧学：猪禽，2001(3)：48-51．
47．代广军，苗连，张贺军，集约化猪场腹泻的病因及控制措施[J]．养猪，2002，(1)：40-42．
48．黄小红，新型化学益生剂对仔猪腹泻的防制[J]．福建农业大学学报，2000，29(3)：366-370
49．曹国文．蜡质芽孢杆菌悬浮剂治疗断奶仔猪应激性腹泻的试验[J]．现代养猪2001，(6)：35
50．周桂莲，铜对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响，中国饲料，1996，17：23．
2. Mahan D C and AJ Lepine .Effect of pig weaning weight and associated feeding programs on subsequent performance to 105 kilograms body weight [J].Anim Sci, 1991,69:1370-1378.
3．吕景智，早期断奶仔猪腹泻的病因、预防及治疗[J]．畜禽业，2002(3)：2-3．
4．郭小权，断奶仔猪营养性性腹泻及其综合预防措施[J]．江西饲料，2001，(5)：11-12．
5．方俊，蛋氨酸螯含锌替代无机锌对仔猪的影响．饲料研究，2003(2)：9-11．[J]．畜牧兽医学报，1995，26(3)：200-206．
6. Dove C R, Haydon K D. The effect of copper and fat addition to the diets of weanling swine on growth performance and serum fatty acids. J Anim Sci ,1992,70: 805-810.
7. Sarah Mellor. The way to piglet health is through the gut. pig progress, 2000, 16(8):28-29.
8. Wilson R H.J Leibholz. Digestion in the pig between 7 and 35d of age 5.The incorporation of acids absorbed in the small inyestines into the emptybody gain of pigs gven milk or soybean proteins [J].Br J Nutr ,1981,45:359.
9. Lindemann M D. Effect of age ,weaning and dia on digestive enzyme levels in the
piglet[J].Anim Sci, 1986,62:1298-1307.
10. Dove. The effect of copper level on nutrient utilization of wearling pigs, J Anim Sci,1995,73:166-171.
11. Cera K R. Effect of age ,weaning and post-weaning diet on a small intestinal growth andjejunal morphology in young swine [J].J Anim Sci 1988,66:514584
12．陈代文，饲粮蛋白水平和豆饼用量对仔猪断奶后腹泻和生长发育的影响[J]畜牧兽医学报，1995，26(6)：508-514．
13. Catanan R ,Zimmerman D R . Spray Dried Porcine Plasma(SDPP)as a source of protein for weaning pigs. Anim Sci ,1990,68:68-374.
14．陈代文．日粮抗原与早期断奶仔猪腹泻的关系[J]．国外畜牧科技，1994，(1)：37-40．
15．米正文，仔猪饲养研究近况[J]．养猪，1994，(2)：3．
16．凌波，提高断奶仔猪采食量至关重要[J]．国外畜牧科技，1994，(6)：19．
17．吴继芳，仔猪饲料配制及其营养需要特点[J]．中国饲料，1995，(16)：19．
18．陈代文，杨凤，陈可容．补料及开食料中不同种类蛋白质对仔猪过敏反应及腹泻程度的，影响畜牧兽医学报，1995，26(3)：200-206．
19．段俊堂，异源蛋白在治疗仔猪腹泻中的应用[J]．上海畜牧兽医通讯，1999，(5)：22．
20．顾炯，顾建平，膨化大豆部分替代大豆粕对断奶仔猪的影响，养猪，2000(3)：21．
21．王枝阳，陈松明．断奶仔猪日粮中添加复方中草药添加剂的饲喂效果试验，湖南畜牧兽医，2001(5)：12-13．
22．朱贯泉，王重龙，仔猪断奶应激的影响因素及防制措施，安徽农业科学，2000，28(5)：662-664．
23. Chun Zhou . Positive feedback from pre- wean therapy. Pig Progress, 2000, 16(7):18-19.
24．张鹤亮，呙于明．断奶仔猪脂肪营养研究进展．中国饲料，1998，19：15-17．
25. Hampson D J .Attempts to modify changes in the piglet small intestine after weaning [J].Res Vet Sci ,1986,40:313-317.
26. Editors. The way to control the piglet's death. International pig Progress, 2000, 15(7):29.
27．夏中生，许朝芳，潘天彪．断奶仔猪饲粮中添加蔗果低聚糖效果试验，粮食与饲料工业，1999，11：40-41．
28．吴毕元，中成药鞣酸苦参碱对断奶仔猪增重效果的初探，四川畜牧兽医，2001，28(8)：23．
29. Li D F, et al .Transient hypersensitivity to soybean meal in the earlyweaned pig. J Anim sci 68:1790-1799.
30. Friesen K F et al. The effect of pre-and postweaning exposure to soybean meal on growth performance and on the immune response in the earlyweaned pig.J Anim sci, 1993,71:2089-2098.
31．张振斌，蒋宗勇，林映才．超早期断奶应激对仔猪消化酶活性的影响初报．中国畜牧杂志，1999,35(6)：6-7．
32. Miller B G. The importance of dietary antigen in the cause of postweaning diarrhea in pigs [J]Am J Vet Res,1984,45(9):1728-1733.
33. Kelley D J ,J.O Brien and K J, McCracken .Effect of creep feeding on the incidence, duration and severity of postweaning diarrhoea in pigs [J].Res Vet Sci ,1990,49:223-228.
34. Kevin Halpin . Enharcing piglet performance by creating a synergy of simple sugars .Feed Management ,2000,51(5):13-18.
35. Millet B G. Influence of diet on postweaning malabsorption and diarrhea in the pig [J].Res Vet Sci ,1984.36:187-193.
36．陈代文，早期断奶仔猪腹泻的营养性病因初探[J]．四川农业大学学报，1988，
6(3)：237-240．
37．王茂荣，早期断奶仔猪营养的研究状况，饲料工业，2001，22(1)：11-14．
38．管武太，血浆蛋白粉改善断奶仔猪生产性能的机理，北京农业大学学报，1994(10)：451-455
39．陶常义．早期断奶仔猪腹泻的原因分析与营养调控．湖南饲料．2003(2)：18-20．
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