不同日粮组成对山羊可吸收氨基酸的影响
摘要
利用4只(35±2.5kg)装有永久性瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠T型瘘管的徐淮白山羊，饲喂给由苜蓿、羊草及配合饲料组成的四种(A、B、C、D)不同日粮结构性碳水化合物(SC)／日粮粗蛋白(CP)(SC／CP分别为3.62、2.95、2.29、1.65)比例的日粮，以二氨基庚二酸(DAPA)和卵磷脂(PC)分别作为瘤胃细菌和纤毛虫的内标物来测定进入到十二指肠的细菌、纤毛虫及过瘤胃饲料蛋白质的各种氨基酸的流量与组成，以研究不同日粮组成对山羊可吸收氨基酸的影响。同时研究了在这四种日粮组成下，瘤胃和十二指肠内环境参数的昼夜动态变化。结果表明：
1．进入小肠内的细菌氨基酸总量以B组的显著高于其它各组为1.57g／d，瘤胃细菌菌体的净可吸收AA以B组的显著高于其它各组为1.54g／d。瘤胃细菌对肠道可吸收AA的贡献率同样是B组显著高为38％。液体结合细菌和固体结合细菌间的17种氨基酸的相对百分含量有很大的差异。除了苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸之间的相对百分含量没有很大的差异外，其它各氨基酸之间存在差异。
2．进入十二指肠内的纤毛虫AA总量以A组的显著高于其它各组为1.25g／d，D组的AA总量显著低于其它各组为0.42g／d。不同日粮组成对纤毛虫体中的谷氨酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸有显著影响，其它均差异不显著。
3．进入十二指肠内的总AA以B组的显著高于其它各组，而过瘤胃日粮AA的总量以C组显著高于其它各组为2.03g／d。但是就各组的贡献率而言，却是B组最低，仅为42％，C组的贡献率最高为62％。进入十二指肠内的各种氨基酸基本上都是在采食后6小时达到最高峰。进入十二指肠内的17种氨基酸中有11种在各组之间有显著的差异性
4．瘤胃pH值随日粮中SC／CP的降低而降低。pH平均值由A组的6.37降至D组的5.86，其中A组极显著高于B、C和D组(P＜0.01)，B、C和D组组间差异不显著(P＞0.05)。A、B、C、D四组十二指肠内pH平均值分别为3.40、3.52、3.23
和3.58，C组显著低于D组(P<0.05)。
5.瘤胃氨态氮平均浓度随日粮SC/CP降低而升高。氨氮浓度的平均值分别由A
组的8.37 mg 10onil一，升至D组的13.7lmg·l。叼一，，其中A组极显著低于B、c
和D组(P<0.01)，B、C和D组组间差异不显著(P>.05)。B组显著低于其他各
组，A、C、D组差异不显著。十二指肠中B组NH3一的浓度显著低于其它各组.
Four xuhuai white goats fitted with permanently rumen fistulae and proximal duodenum fistulae were used in a 4 X 4 latin square design to determine the effects of different diets composition to the absorbable amino acids of goat with different SC (structure carbohydrate) /CP(crude protein)(SC/CP were 3.62, 2.95, 2.29 and 1.65 respectively), and use DAPA and PC respectively as internal marker of rumen bacteria and protozoa to measure the production of bacteria and protozoa of entering the duodenum and flux and composition of all kinds of amino acids of digested diet bypass-protein-N from rumen. And at the same time, the dynamic changing rules of ruminal and duodenum internal enviroment parameters were sturdied. The results showed that:
1. The hightest output of total bacteria amino acid observed in the B group was 1.57g/d. The net absorbable amino acid of bacteria was 1.54g/d in B group, much higher than in the others. And the contribution proportion of bacteria amino acid to the total absorbable amino acid in duodenum in B group was higher than in the others significantly. There have no significant differentce among 17 amino acids between LAB and PAB except Thr, Met, Leu and Lys.
2. The protozoa amino acid to duodenum in A group was 1.25g/d, much higher than in the others. And the output of protozoa amino acid in D group much lower than in the others. Different diet structure showed significant effect on Glu, Arg, Tyr, Pro and Ala of rumen protozoa.
3. The total amino acid in B group was much higher than in the others. The by-passed rumen diet amino acid in C group was 2.03g/d, much higher in than others. As contribution proportion is concerned, the proportion of B group was 42%, lower than
in the others. The proportion of C group was 62%, much higher than the others. Almost of all AA output increases to the highest point after eating 6 hours. There were significant difference among 11 amino acid out of 17 amino acid.
4.With the SC/CP decreasing, nominal pH decreased significantly. pH decreased from 6.37 in A group to 5.86 in D group. pH in A group was higher than in the B, C, D group significantly(P<0.01). pH in duodenum were 3.40,3.52,3.23 and 3.58 in A, B, C, D group respectively. pH in C group was lower than in D group significantly.
5. Lower SC/CP increased ammonia-N (NHs-N) concentration increased from 8.37 in A group to 13.71 mg/100ml in D group. B, C, D groups increased NH3-N concentration to a large extent compared with A group(P<0.01). NHa-N concentration in B group was lower than in the others significantly in duodenum.
1．进入小肠内的细菌氨基酸总量以B组的显著高于其它各组为1.57g／d，瘤胃细菌菌体的净可吸收AA以B组的显著高于其它各组为1.54g／d。瘤胃细菌对肠道可吸收AA的贡献率同样是B组显著高为38％。液体结合细菌和固体结合细菌间的17种氨基酸的相对百分含量有很大的差异。除了苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸之间的相对百分含量没有很大的差异外，其它各氨基酸之间存在差异。
2．进入十二指肠内的纤毛虫AA总量以A组的显著高于其它各组为1.25g／d，D组的AA总量显著低于其它各组为0.42g／d。不同日粮组成对纤毛虫体中的谷氨酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸有显著影响，其它均差异不显著。
3．进入十二指肠内的总AA以B组的显著高于其它各组，而过瘤胃日粮AA的总量以C组显著高于其它各组为2.03g／d。但是就各组的贡献率而言，却是B组最低，仅为42％，C组的贡献率最高为62％。进入十二指肠内的各种氨基酸基本上都是在采食后6小时达到最高峰。进入十二指肠内的17种氨基酸中有11种在各组之间有显著的差异性
4．瘤胃pH值随日粮中SC／CP的降低而降低。pH平均值由A组的6.37降至D组的5.86，其中A组极显著高于B、C和D组(P＜0.01)，B、C和D组组间差异不显著(P＞0.05)。A、B、C、D四组十二指肠内pH平均值分别为3.40、3.52、3.23
和3.58，C组显著低于D组(P<0.05)。
5.瘤胃氨态氮平均浓度随日粮SC/CP降低而升高。氨氮浓度的平均值分别由A
组的8.37 mg 10onil一，升至D组的13.7lmg·l。叼一，，其中A组极显著低于B、c
和D组(P<0.01)，B、C和D组组间差异不显著(P>.05)。B组显著低于其他各
组，A、C、D组差异不显著。十二指肠中B组NH3一的浓度显著低于其它各组.
Four xuhuai white goats fitted with permanently rumen fistulae and proximal duodenum fistulae were used in a 4 X 4 latin square design to determine the effects of different diets composition to the absorbable amino acids of goat with different SC (structure carbohydrate) /CP(crude protein)(SC/CP were 3.62, 2.95, 2.29 and 1.65 respectively), and use DAPA and PC respectively as internal marker of rumen bacteria and protozoa to measure the production of bacteria and protozoa of entering the duodenum and flux and composition of all kinds of amino acids of digested diet bypass-protein-N from rumen. And at the same time, the dynamic changing rules of ruminal and duodenum internal enviroment parameters were sturdied. The results showed that:
1. The hightest output of total bacteria amino acid observed in the B group was 1.57g/d. The net absorbable amino acid of bacteria was 1.54g/d in B group, much higher than in the others. And the contribution proportion of bacteria amino acid to the total absorbable amino acid in duodenum in B group was higher than in the others significantly. There have no significant differentce among 17 amino acids between LAB and PAB except Thr, Met, Leu and Lys.
2. The protozoa amino acid to duodenum in A group was 1.25g/d, much higher than in the others. And the output of protozoa amino acid in D group much lower than in the others. Different diet structure showed significant effect on Glu, Arg, Tyr, Pro and Ala of rumen protozoa.
3. The total amino acid in B group was much higher than in the others. The by-passed rumen diet amino acid in C group was 2.03g/d, much higher in than others. As contribution proportion is concerned, the proportion of B group was 42%, lower than
in the others. The proportion of C group was 62%, much higher than the others. Almost of all AA output increases to the highest point after eating 6 hours. There were significant difference among 11 amino acid out of 17 amino acid.
4.With the SC/CP decreasing, nominal pH decreased significantly. pH decreased from 6.37 in A group to 5.86 in D group. pH in A group was higher than in the B, C, D group significantly(P<0.01). pH in duodenum were 3.40,3.52,3.23 and 3.58 in A, B, C, D group respectively. pH in C group was lower than in D group significantly.
5. Lower SC/CP increased ammonia-N (NHs-N) concentration increased from 8.37 in A group to 13.71 mg/100ml in D group. B, C, D groups increased NH3-N concentration to a large extent compared with A group(P<0.01). NHa-N concentration in B group was lower than in the others significantly in duodenum.
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