北京延庆新城规划区浸没预测研究
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摘要
浸没是一个典型的库区环境地质问题。水库蓄水后地下水位抬高引起周边地区环境和生态问题的经验教训，使浸没问题引起了人们的重视。
延庆新城位于北京市西北边，地处延怀盆地东部，西临官厅水库，妫水河自东北向西南流经县域。受官厅水库蓄水的影响，新城妫水河两岸曾发生浸没灾害，土地出现沼泽化，房屋部分倒塌，给当地人民生活和工农业生产带来不利影响。近些年来，由于气候干旱，官厅水库水位较低，区域地下水位亦呈逐年下降趋势，研究区浸没区范围趋于减小。但考虑到延庆规划新城区高层建设不断增多，并且其地基持力层主要位于地下水位以下，若一旦降雨量增多，水库水位大幅抬升，周边地下水位壅高，必将会对新城规划建设产生一定的危害。因此，本次论文对新城规划区的浸没问题进行系统分析评价，具有重要的理论意义和实用价值，主要技术方法还可推广应用于其它类似的科研工作。
根据研究区的区域地质和气象水文资料，查明官厅水库及延期新城规划区的浸没发展概况，分析了浸没的影响因素，重点研究了库水位变化与浸没灾害的关系。利用地下水动力学法和Modflow数值模拟分析两种方法对研究区地下水位的变化情况进行计算，得出不同库水位条件下的地下水位高程，预测研究区的浸没范围及危险程度。最后根据研究区浸没特点及发展趋势，提出了有效的防治对策。其中，介绍了Modflow计算的基本原理和内部结构，分析了模型边界的设置原则，利用反演法算出了水文地质参数，使得拟合效果较好，模拟预测结果具有一定的参考性。同时，运用地下水动力学法与和Modflow数值分析两种方法共同预测研究，结果基本吻合，具有一定的实用价值。
Immersion is a typical geological problem of reservoir environment.Groundwater level has risen after reservoir was built and starting to impound water,which caused environmental geological problem surround the area. With theexperiment and lessons, the immersion has caused much attention.
Located in the northwest side of Beijing, Yanqing new district is lie in theeastern of Yanhuai basin and closed to Guanting reservoir. The Guishui River flowsthrough the country from northeast to southwest. Affected by the storage of Guantingreservoir, the disaster occurred in the banks of Guishui River, such as land swampingand houses collapsed, which has brought adverse impact to local people's life anddamaged to the industry and agriculture production. In recent years, due to the dryclimate, the Guanting reservoir water has always been in a low level, regionalgroundwater level is also reduced, and the submerged area of the study area trends todecrease. But considering the increasing number of high-risk building in the Yanqingnew district planning area, and the foundation bearing layer is mainly located in theunderground water level. If the rainfall increased, reservoir and surrounding areawater level will both rise up, it may cause certain hazards to the planning andconstruction. Therefore, systematically analyzing the formation mechanism andinfluencing factors of reservoir immersion has the important theoretical meaning anduseful value. The main technical method can also be applied to other similar researchwork.
This article has researched regional geological and meteorological andhydrological data of the study area, found out the immersion situation of Guantingreservoir and Yanqing new district. And then, the factor of immersion has beenanalyzed, the relationship between reservoir water level change and immersion hazardhas been analyzed emphatically. Also, the groundwater dynamics method andModflow numerical simulation has being used to calculate groundwater level underdifferent reservoir water level condition in the study area, and then predict theimmersion range and degree. Finally, according to the immersed characteristic anddevelopment trend, effective countermeasures have been put forward. Among them,the basic principle and internal structure of the Modflow calculation has beenintroduced, the setting principle of model boundary has been analyzed, the inversionmethod has been used to calculate the hydrogeological parameters, the imitative effect is well, the prediction results of simulation has a certain reference. Simultaneously,the results are basically the same, according to the forecast simulation based ongroundwater dynamics method and the Modflow numerical simulation, which hascertain practical value.
延庆新城位于北京市西北边，地处延怀盆地东部，西临官厅水库，妫水河自东北向西南流经县域。受官厅水库蓄水的影响，新城妫水河两岸曾发生浸没灾害，土地出现沼泽化，房屋部分倒塌，给当地人民生活和工农业生产带来不利影响。近些年来，由于气候干旱，官厅水库水位较低，区域地下水位亦呈逐年下降趋势，研究区浸没区范围趋于减小。但考虑到延庆规划新城区高层建设不断增多，并且其地基持力层主要位于地下水位以下，若一旦降雨量增多，水库水位大幅抬升，周边地下水位壅高，必将会对新城规划建设产生一定的危害。因此，本次论文对新城规划区的浸没问题进行系统分析评价，具有重要的理论意义和实用价值，主要技术方法还可推广应用于其它类似的科研工作。
根据研究区的区域地质和气象水文资料，查明官厅水库及延期新城规划区的浸没发展概况，分析了浸没的影响因素，重点研究了库水位变化与浸没灾害的关系。利用地下水动力学法和Modflow数值模拟分析两种方法对研究区地下水位的变化情况进行计算，得出不同库水位条件下的地下水位高程，预测研究区的浸没范围及危险程度。最后根据研究区浸没特点及发展趋势，提出了有效的防治对策。其中，介绍了Modflow计算的基本原理和内部结构，分析了模型边界的设置原则，利用反演法算出了水文地质参数，使得拟合效果较好，模拟预测结果具有一定的参考性。同时，运用地下水动力学法与和Modflow数值分析两种方法共同预测研究，结果基本吻合，具有一定的实用价值。
Immersion is a typical geological problem of reservoir environment.Groundwater level has risen after reservoir was built and starting to impound water,which caused environmental geological problem surround the area. With theexperiment and lessons, the immersion has caused much attention.
Located in the northwest side of Beijing, Yanqing new district is lie in theeastern of Yanhuai basin and closed to Guanting reservoir. The Guishui River flowsthrough the country from northeast to southwest. Affected by the storage of Guantingreservoir, the disaster occurred in the banks of Guishui River, such as land swampingand houses collapsed, which has brought adverse impact to local people's life anddamaged to the industry and agriculture production. In recent years, due to the dryclimate, the Guanting reservoir water has always been in a low level, regionalgroundwater level is also reduced, and the submerged area of the study area trends todecrease. But considering the increasing number of high-risk building in the Yanqingnew district planning area, and the foundation bearing layer is mainly located in theunderground water level. If the rainfall increased, reservoir and surrounding areawater level will both rise up, it may cause certain hazards to the planning andconstruction. Therefore, systematically analyzing the formation mechanism andinfluencing factors of reservoir immersion has the important theoretical meaning anduseful value. The main technical method can also be applied to other similar researchwork.
This article has researched regional geological and meteorological andhydrological data of the study area, found out the immersion situation of Guantingreservoir and Yanqing new district. And then, the factor of immersion has beenanalyzed, the relationship between reservoir water level change and immersion hazardhas been analyzed emphatically. Also, the groundwater dynamics method andModflow numerical simulation has being used to calculate groundwater level underdifferent reservoir water level condition in the study area, and then predict theimmersion range and degree. Finally, according to the immersed characteristic anddevelopment trend, effective countermeasures have been put forward. Among them,the basic principle and internal structure of the Modflow calculation has beenintroduced, the setting principle of model boundary has been analyzed, the inversionmethod has been used to calculate the hydrogeological parameters, the imitative effect is well, the prediction results of simulation has a certain reference. Simultaneously,the results are basically the same, according to the forecast simulation based ongroundwater dynamics method and the Modflow numerical simulation, which hascertain practical value.
引文
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[10]Mukhopadhyay, Amitabha. Spatial estimation of transmissivity using artificalneural network[J]. Ground Water,1999,37(3):458～464
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[12]Qin Yu，Zhang lijie. Evaluation on reservoir immersion in Songbei district ofHarbin[J]. Water Resources Research，10(3):465～478
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[33]涂荣玲.受顶托影响的坝址水位流量关系[J].人民长江，1999，30（3）：32～33
[34]王汇明.平原型水库库区浸没分析与研究：[硕士学位论文].南京：河海大学，2004
[35]王仕琴，邵景力，宋献方，等.地下水模型MODFLOW和GIS在华北平原地下水资源评价中的应用[J].地理研究，2007，26（5）：975～983
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[2] Law J. A statistical approach to the interstitial heterogeneity of sandreservoirs[J]. Trans. AIME,1944,155：202～222
[3] LeakeS.A. Prudie D.E. Doeumentation of a computer program to simulateaquifer-system compaction using the modular finite-difference ground-waterflow model[R]. U.S.Geological Survey Techniques of water-ResourcesInvestigations, book6,1991
[4] M Sneed. M T Pavelko and D L Galloway. Modeling residual aquifer-systemcompaction：constraining the vertical hydraulic diffusivity of thick aquifers[A].Land Subsidence:Proceedings of6th International Symposium on LandSubsidence, Italy[C]. C.N.R,2000:343～355
[5] Marios SoPhocleous. Interactions between groundwater and surface water[J].The state of the science.
[6] McDonald, M.G. and A.W. Harbaugh.1988. A modular three-dimensionalfinite-difference ground-water flow model. Techniques of Water-Resources ofthe U.S.Geol.Surv.Chapter Al, Book6.
[7] Meyer P.D, Valocchi A.J, Ashby S.F, et al. A numerical investigation ofconjugate gradient method as applied to three-dimensional groundwater flowproblems in randomly heterogeneous porous media[J]. Water ResourcesResearch,1989,25(6):1440～1446
[8] Michael G.McDonald，Arlen W.Harbaugh. MODFLOW：模块化三维有限差分地下水流动模型(郭卫星，卢国平译者)[M].1999.6
[9] Molden, Sakthivadivel. Water accounting to assess use and productivity ofwater[J]. International Journal of Water Resources Development,1999,15(1):55～71
[10]Mukhopadhyay, Amitabha. Spatial estimation of transmissivity using artificalneural network[J]. Ground Water,1999,37(3):458～464
[11]O.C.Zienkiewicz and Y.K.Cheung. Finite Element in the Solution of FieldProblems[J], The Engineer, Volume220，No.5710，1965
[12]Qin Yu，Zhang lijie. Evaluation on reservoir immersion in Songbei district ofHarbin[J]. Water Resources Research，10(3):465～478
[13]Raman H and Sunilkumar N. Multivariate modeling of water resources timeseries using artificial neural nerworks[J]. Hydrological SciencesJournal,1995,40(2):145～163
[14]Terzaghi. K.Principles. of Soil Mechanics Ⅳ，Settlement and consolidation ofclay[J]. Engineering News-Record，1925，95：874～878
[15]Tsrxe G.W. Multi-objective Dynamic Programming with Application to aReservoir[J]. Water Resources Research,1979,15(6):1403～1408
[16]鲍立新，佟胤铮.阎王鼻子水库浸没问题的分析与评价[J].东北水利水电，2002，21（3）：37～40
[17]毕跃先，贾文广.官厅水库浸没区井排工程抽水试验分析[J].河北水利水电技术，1994，04
[18]苪孝芳，姜广斌，程海云.考虑回水顶托影响的水位预报研究[J].水科学进展，1998，9（2）：124～129
[19]程全礼，张志敏.库区蓄水浸没预测评价[J].资源环境与工程，2008，22（增刊）：226～229
[20]冯超英.官厅水库淤积浸没影响范围分析[J].水科学与工程技术，2010，3：77～79
[21]傅春，吴久安.我国未来发展蓄水量预测[J].农业系统科学与综合研究，2000，16（4）：251～255
[22]官厅水库（北京地区）库区浸没工程地质勘查报告.北京市水文地质工程地质公司，1985
[23]郭建青.邻井抽水对抽水试验确定弹性释水系数的影响[J].工程勘察，1990，4：45～48
[24]兰艇燕，王树林，王翠屏.册田水库的浸没预测与防治[J].山西水利科技，1999，（增刊）：56～58
[25]李志福.官厅水库浸没补偿与思考[J].河北水利水电，2001，3：20～21
[26]李志毅，杨裕云主编.工程地质学概论[M].中国地质大学出版社，1994
[27]刘猛.傍河水源地地下水数值模拟研究：[硕士学位论文].南京：河海大学，2006
[28]骆祖江，杨林，李占军，等.松原壅水坝工程库区左岸浸没预测三维数值模拟[J].农业工程学报，2012，28（3）：129～134
[29]毛旭熙主编.渗流计算分析与控制[M].中国水利水电出版社，2003
[30]邱枚大，宿青山，赵玉红.含水层释水系数及贮水系数的初步研究[J].长春地质学院学报，1989，19（2）：192～198
[31]史永康，李文华.关于官厅水库浸没区治理的建议[J].工作交流，2007-07-12
[32]唐颍，麻军，高鑫磊.延庆县“十二五“水务发展规划体系研究[J].中国水利，2011
[33]涂荣玲.受顶托影响的坝址水位流量关系[J].人民长江，1999，30（3）：32～33
[34]王汇明.平原型水库库区浸没分析与研究：[硕士学位论文].南京：河海大学，2004
[35]王仕琴，邵景力，宋献方，等.地下水模型MODFLOW和GIS在华北平原地下水资源评价中的应用[J].地理研究，2007，26（5）：975～983
[36]王廷学，李英海，屈志勇，等.官厅水库浸没问题的研究与治理[J].水利水电工程设计，2007，26（3）：47～49
[37]王占旗，等.水库浸没预测的若干环节[J].甘肃电力，1995，22（4）：42～44
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