黄海浅层多道高分辨率地震资料处理
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摘要
我国是一个海洋大国,有着广阔的浅海大陆架区域。近海是人类开发利用海洋活动最早,也是最频繁的地带,有着丰富的资源。近年来,随着沿海城市经济和社会的发展,资源和环境的压力越来越严重,合理开发利用近海资源成为人们关注的焦点。
黄海区域紧邻辽东半岛重工业区和山东半岛经济区,地理位置优越。随着我国经济和社会的快速发展,海上工程建设日益增多,人们迫切需要对此区域进行地质勘查。小排列、小道距的多道高分辨率地震勘探方法能很好的完成地质任务,这对于了解黄海区域的海底地貌、第四纪地质、浅地层断裂构造情况有重要意义。
论文首先根据浅层地质调查的要求,对高分辨率地震勘探仪器跟野外采集参数选取做了简单的分析,然后研究了小排列、小道距的多道高分辨率地震资料处理方法。通过处理实际资料发现小道距、小排列的多道地震资料处理方法,在多次波去除、噪音压制方面相比传统的地震勘探方法有比较明显的优势。通过叠前噪音衰减和预测反褶积压缩地震子波的处理,使得分辨率得到很大提高,各种噪声成分得到针对性的去除、衰减。经过多道地震水平叠加,压制随机干扰以及多次波成分,有效的增强了有效信号,最后经过叠后修饰使地震剖面更加完善,最终形成了一套适合于海洋浅层的高分辨率地震资料处理流程。
论文通过处理黄海实际地震资料,形成了一套海洋浅地层多道高分辨率地震处理流程。从资料效果分析可以看出,采用实验室自主研发的数字采集系统获得了很好的第一手资料,继而通过高分辨率地震处理方法,在一定程度上压制了资料中存在的多次波等噪音干扰,极大改善了实际资料品质,最终获得高信噪比、高分辨率的成果剖面,有利于后续的地震解释。
China is a maritime country, it has a broad shallow continental shelf area. Offshore is the earliest and most frequent area for marine development and utilization, and it has rich resources. With the rapid development of economy and society, the pressure of resources and environmen is more and more serious. The development and utilization of resources has become the focus of attention.
Yellow Sea region are close to Liaodong Peninsula Economic zone and Shandong Peninsula Economic zone, which lies in an advantageous position. With the rapid development of China’s economy and society, marine engineering has been constructed increasingly. Therefore, this region need to be surveyed. And high resolution seismic prospecting with small trace spacing, short arrange can complete geological tasks very well. It is also has great significance for understanding the condition of Submarine geomorphology, Quaternary geology, and shallow ground faults.
Firstly, according to the requirements of the shallow geological survey, seismic exploration instrument and high resolution acquisition parameters are analyzed briefly and then high resolution seismic data processing methods is discussed. By processing the actual data, the author has found that multi-channel shallow seismic prospecting can remove the multiple waves and noise suppression better than the traditional seismic exploration method. Based on the processing methods such as prestack noise attenuation and predictive deconvolution seismic wavelet compression, the resolution is greatly improved and various noise components are removed targetedly. The signal is enhanced effectively through stacking a multi-channel seismic horizon and suppressing random noise and multiple wave components. And finally the stack modification promotes seismic profiles much better, which can also develop a shallow high-resolution marine seismic data processing method.
The thesis develop a shallow high-resolution marine seismic data processing method by processing the Yellow Sea Seismic data. According to the analysis of real data, good first-hand material has got by using digital collection system which was reseached by laboratory independently. Then through the high resolution seismic processing method, multiples and the other major noises are suppressed in some degree , the high-SNR high-resolution sections are ultimately achieved through high-resolution data processing method, it is useful for the subsequent data interpretation.
黄海区域紧邻辽东半岛重工业区和山东半岛经济区,地理位置优越。随着我国经济和社会的快速发展,海上工程建设日益增多,人们迫切需要对此区域进行地质勘查。小排列、小道距的多道高分辨率地震勘探方法能很好的完成地质任务,这对于了解黄海区域的海底地貌、第四纪地质、浅地层断裂构造情况有重要意义。
论文首先根据浅层地质调查的要求,对高分辨率地震勘探仪器跟野外采集参数选取做了简单的分析,然后研究了小排列、小道距的多道高分辨率地震资料处理方法。通过处理实际资料发现小道距、小排列的多道地震资料处理方法,在多次波去除、噪音压制方面相比传统的地震勘探方法有比较明显的优势。通过叠前噪音衰减和预测反褶积压缩地震子波的处理,使得分辨率得到很大提高,各种噪声成分得到针对性的去除、衰减。经过多道地震水平叠加,压制随机干扰以及多次波成分,有效的增强了有效信号,最后经过叠后修饰使地震剖面更加完善,最终形成了一套适合于海洋浅层的高分辨率地震资料处理流程。
论文通过处理黄海实际地震资料,形成了一套海洋浅地层多道高分辨率地震处理流程。从资料效果分析可以看出,采用实验室自主研发的数字采集系统获得了很好的第一手资料,继而通过高分辨率地震处理方法,在一定程度上压制了资料中存在的多次波等噪音干扰,极大改善了实际资料品质,最终获得高信噪比、高分辨率的成果剖面,有利于后续的地震解释。
China is a maritime country, it has a broad shallow continental shelf area. Offshore is the earliest and most frequent area for marine development and utilization, and it has rich resources. With the rapid development of economy and society, the pressure of resources and environmen is more and more serious. The development and utilization of resources has become the focus of attention.
Yellow Sea region are close to Liaodong Peninsula Economic zone and Shandong Peninsula Economic zone, which lies in an advantageous position. With the rapid development of China’s economy and society, marine engineering has been constructed increasingly. Therefore, this region need to be surveyed. And high resolution seismic prospecting with small trace spacing, short arrange can complete geological tasks very well. It is also has great significance for understanding the condition of Submarine geomorphology, Quaternary geology, and shallow ground faults.
Firstly, according to the requirements of the shallow geological survey, seismic exploration instrument and high resolution acquisition parameters are analyzed briefly and then high resolution seismic data processing methods is discussed. By processing the actual data, the author has found that multi-channel shallow seismic prospecting can remove the multiple waves and noise suppression better than the traditional seismic exploration method. Based on the processing methods such as prestack noise attenuation and predictive deconvolution seismic wavelet compression, the resolution is greatly improved and various noise components are removed targetedly. The signal is enhanced effectively through stacking a multi-channel seismic horizon and suppressing random noise and multiple wave components. And finally the stack modification promotes seismic profiles much better, which can also develop a shallow high-resolution marine seismic data processing method.
The thesis develop a shallow high-resolution marine seismic data processing method by processing the Yellow Sea Seismic data. According to the analysis of real data, good first-hand material has got by using digital collection system which was reseached by laboratory independently. Then through the high resolution seismic processing method, multiples and the other major noises are suppressed in some degree , the high-SNR high-resolution sections are ultimately achieved through high-resolution data processing method, it is useful for the subsequent data interpretation.
引文
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[2] Vladimir Shtivelman. Shallow water seismic surveys for site investigation in the Haifa Port Extension area, Israel. Journal of Applied Geophysics,2001,46: 143-158.
[3]郭磊近海浅层高分辨率多道地震采集与处理方法研究. [硕士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010
[4]赵镨欧洲应用地球物理现状[J].中国煤田地质,2005,17(1):44-46
[5] Ray W. Sliter, Peter J. Triezenberg, Patrick E. Hart, Janet T. Watt, Samuel Y. Johnson, Daniel S. Scheirer. High-resolution seismic reflection and marine magnetic data along the Hosgri Fault Zone, central California. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1100, 2009
[6]何良军,张藻,楼颂平.物探在长江水下三角洲勘查淡水资源的重要作用和意义[J].上海地质,97(1):3
[7]张勇,田双凤,周建平.小排列高分辨多道地震系统在岱山岛大桥工程中的应用[J].海洋学研究,26(4):109
[8]田振兴,北黄海盆地断裂特征及其深部构造研究.[硕士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学,2005
[9]陈建文.南黄海盆地油气勘探战略选区.海洋地质动态,2002,18(11):28-29
[10]童思友,南黄海地震资料多次波形成机理及压制技术研究:[硕士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010
[11]李廷栋,莫杰.黄海地质构造与油气资源[J].海洋地质动态,2002,18(11):4-7
[12]宋鹏,肖国林,张维冈,田振兴.北黄海海域的重磁场特征及其地质意义[J] .海洋地质动态,2006,22(8):1-6
[13]王衍棠,王立飞,曾祥辉,金华峰.南黄海盆地和北黄海盆地地震速度分析[J].物探与化探,2008,32(3):241-245
[14]吴志强,许行,童思友等.南黄海前新生代地震采集技术研究[J].海洋地质动态2008,24(8):20-25
[15]冯永强,石平,薛爱民等.南黄海前新生代地震资料处理实践[J].海洋地质动态,2008,24(8):26-32
[16]童思友,徐磊磊,崔树果,刘怀山.南黄海地震资料叠前有源干扰的自动识别与压制[J].海洋地质动态,2008,24(8):14-19
[17]范小林.南黄海盆地海相领域油气勘探战略思考.海相油气地质,2001,6(4):35-40
[18]吴志强.南黄海中部隆起海相地层油气地震勘探关键技术研究:[博士学位论文].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009
[19]李刚,陈建文,肖国林,等.南黄海海域的海相中—古生界油气远景.海洋地质动态, 2003,19(8):12-16
[20]蔡明理,黄海、东海海底地貌及控制因素分析[J].海洋科学,1994,26
[21]邢涛,张训华,张维冈.南黄海区域地质构造研究进展[J].海洋地质动态,2005,21(12):6-9
[22]田震兴,张训华,薛荣俊.北黄海盆地区域地质特征[J].海洋地质动态,2004,20(2): 8-10
[23]戴明刚.黄海地质与地球物理特征研究进展[J].地球物理学进展, 18(4):584-586
[24]刘光鼎.中国海区及领域地球物理场特征[M].北京;科学出版社.1992.
[25]金翔龙,等.黄东海地质〔M].北京:科学出版社,1982.
[26]马文涛,砖文辉,张世晖北黄海盆地地质构造特征及其演化[J].海洋地质动态,2005, 21( 11):21 -27
[27]李乃胜,黄海三大盆地的构造演化[J].海洋与湖沼1995, 26( 4):355- 362
[28]李丕龙,陆相断陷盆地油气地质与勘探[A]和断陷盆地构造演化与构造样式[C].北京:石油工业出版社,地质出版社,2003. 18-73.
[29]姚文坚,夏斌,冯志强,等.南黄海古生代以来构造演化[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(2):125-128
[30]王连进,叶加仁,吴冲龙.南黄海盆地构造及沉积特征[J].天然气勘探与开发,25(1):33
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