南海延伸式张力腿平台设计研究
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摘要
我国的海上油气开发事业正处在由浅海向深海的过渡阶段,对南海深水油气资源的开发已经迫在眉睫。固定式、重力式平台和传统移动式平台已经难以满足对深水油气资源开采要求。张力腿平台作为一种半顺应式半刚性的平台形式得到了广泛的应用和发展,已成为海洋工业深水采油平台的主要形式。针对于我国南海的一般海况,在张力腿平台的多种结构形式中,延伸式张力腿平台占有比较大的整体优势。
首先,本文根据结构形式分析了张力腿平台的三种主要类型,从而得出延伸式张力腿平台的主要特点和其相对于其他类型张力腿平台的优势所在。然后,应用DNV开发的软件SESAM/WADAM水动力模块,以延伸式张力腿平台为载体进行研究,分析了延伸式张力腿平台各关键特征参数对其水动力性能和稳性的影响,并探讨了相关特征参数与结构要求之间的关系;力求平台的稳性、水动力性能和结构强度的要求达到一个相对较优的平衡。然后再在此基础上对延伸式张力腿平台的主体尺寸进行探讨研究,再据此并结合规范对平台主尺度进行了设计;并对该主尺度下的延伸式张力腿平台进行了水动力分析,直到其满足要求。进而在该平台主尺度下进行结构的详细设计,包括板厚、骨材和立柱的设计。随后通过HydroD/Wadam模块进行水动力的频域分析,可以得到作用于立柱和浮筒大尺度结构物上的波浪力,然后再进行有限元分析,通过分析结果对结构尺寸进行调整。最后根据得到的完整的平台结构进行比较全面的水动力分析。
本文的工作为我国南海深水海域油气资源的开发提供了一个比较完整的延伸式张力腿平台方案,进而为我国南海张力腿平台自主研发及结构型式创新提供一定的帮助,其研究设计思路对于深水平台的设计研究工作具有一定的借鉴意义。
The petroleum exploitation of China Sea is just in the transitional phase of the shallow sea to the deep sea. The exploitation of oil and gas resources in South China Sea is imminent. The traditional platforms, including fixed platforms, dead load platforms and mobile platforms, cannot meet the requirements of deep sea. Therefore, as a kind of half compliant and semi-rigid platform, tension Leg Platform (TLP), which has been widely used in the deepwater oil and gas development, has became the main form of deep-water oil platforms. For the sea conditions in the South China Sea, in various forms of the tension leg platform, the Extended Tension Leg Platform takes a dominant position.
First, according to the structural characteristics and the overall classification of tension leg platforms, this paper gives the main characteristics of Extended tension leg platform and its advantages relation to other types tension leg platform. By using the hydrodynamic calculation software WADAM of DNV/SESAM, the paper analyzes the influence of key characteristic parameters on ETLP’s hydrodynamic performance and stability. This paper also explores the relationship between the structural requirements and relevant characteristic parameters. All of researches above will lead to seek the balance of stability, hydrodynamic performance and strength of structure. On this basis, this paper studies the relationship between the main dimensions and motion performance. Then, the ETLP's main dimensions are determined according to the motion performance and the specification. Then this paper makes the detailed design under the main dimensions, including thickness of plate, stiffener size and column design. At last, this paper uses the SASEM procedure system to seek the optimum assembly of stiffener size, motion performance and general structural strength.
In a word, this paper will afford some references for our country to make research independently and structure innovation of ETLP in deep water of South China Sea perfectly. The research mentality of this paper also has certain reference to the design of those platforms in deep water.
首先,本文根据结构形式分析了张力腿平台的三种主要类型,从而得出延伸式张力腿平台的主要特点和其相对于其他类型张力腿平台的优势所在。然后,应用DNV开发的软件SESAM/WADAM水动力模块,以延伸式张力腿平台为载体进行研究,分析了延伸式张力腿平台各关键特征参数对其水动力性能和稳性的影响,并探讨了相关特征参数与结构要求之间的关系;力求平台的稳性、水动力性能和结构强度的要求达到一个相对较优的平衡。然后再在此基础上对延伸式张力腿平台的主体尺寸进行探讨研究,再据此并结合规范对平台主尺度进行了设计;并对该主尺度下的延伸式张力腿平台进行了水动力分析,直到其满足要求。进而在该平台主尺度下进行结构的详细设计,包括板厚、骨材和立柱的设计。随后通过HydroD/Wadam模块进行水动力的频域分析,可以得到作用于立柱和浮筒大尺度结构物上的波浪力,然后再进行有限元分析,通过分析结果对结构尺寸进行调整。最后根据得到的完整的平台结构进行比较全面的水动力分析。
本文的工作为我国南海深水海域油气资源的开发提供了一个比较完整的延伸式张力腿平台方案,进而为我国南海张力腿平台自主研发及结构型式创新提供一定的帮助,其研究设计思路对于深水平台的设计研究工作具有一定的借鉴意义。
The petroleum exploitation of China Sea is just in the transitional phase of the shallow sea to the deep sea. The exploitation of oil and gas resources in South China Sea is imminent. The traditional platforms, including fixed platforms, dead load platforms and mobile platforms, cannot meet the requirements of deep sea. Therefore, as a kind of half compliant and semi-rigid platform, tension Leg Platform (TLP), which has been widely used in the deepwater oil and gas development, has became the main form of deep-water oil platforms. For the sea conditions in the South China Sea, in various forms of the tension leg platform, the Extended Tension Leg Platform takes a dominant position.
First, according to the structural characteristics and the overall classification of tension leg platforms, this paper gives the main characteristics of Extended tension leg platform and its advantages relation to other types tension leg platform. By using the hydrodynamic calculation software WADAM of DNV/SESAM, the paper analyzes the influence of key characteristic parameters on ETLP’s hydrodynamic performance and stability. This paper also explores the relationship between the structural requirements and relevant characteristic parameters. All of researches above will lead to seek the balance of stability, hydrodynamic performance and strength of structure. On this basis, this paper studies the relationship between the main dimensions and motion performance. Then, the ETLP's main dimensions are determined according to the motion performance and the specification. Then this paper makes the detailed design under the main dimensions, including thickness of plate, stiffener size and column design. At last, this paper uses the SASEM procedure system to seek the optimum assembly of stiffener size, motion performance and general structural strength.
In a word, this paper will afford some references for our country to make research independently and structure innovation of ETLP in deep water of South China Sea perfectly. The research mentality of this paper also has certain reference to the design of those platforms in deep water.
引文
[1]谢彬,张爱霞,段梦兰.中国南海深水油气田开发工程模式及平台选型.石油学报,2007,1(1):1～2
[2]李牧.南海张力腿平台优化选型研究,硕士学位论文.天津:天津大学,2009
[3]董艳秋.深海采油平台波浪载荷及响应.天津大学出版社,2005:1～57
[4]鲍莹斌,李润培,顾永宁.张力腿平台研究领域和发展趋势.海洋工程,1998,16(4):22
[5]段梦兰,李秀巧,赵秀菊等.发展张力腿平台迎接深水钻井的挑战.石油机械,2000,28(12):48
[6]O.M.Faltinsen,船舶与海洋工程环境载荷(杨建民,肖龙飞,葛春花译).上海:上海交通大学出版社,2008:2～3
[7]胡志敏,董艳秋,张建民.张力腿平台水动力参数计算.海洋工程,2002,20(3)14～15
[8]潘子辉.深海半潜式钻井平台运动响应预报与分析.船舶,2008,2(1):32～33
[9]胡志敏,董艳秋,张建民.张力腿平台波浪载荷计算.中国海洋平台,2002,17(3):6
[10]B.J.Natvietal, ETeigen. Review of hydrodynamic challenges in TLP Design. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, V01.3, No.4 December 1993
[11]鲍莹斌,舒志,李润培.中等水深张力腿平台型式研究.海洋工程,2001,19(2):7～12
[12]曾晓辉,沈晓鹏,徐本和等.张力腿平台的水动力及结构力学问题.中国造船,2003,44(增):429～433
[13]典型深水平台概念设计研究课题组.张力腿平台水动力响应分析.中国造船,2005,46(增):484～485
[14]Chakrabarti, S.K. Hydrodynamics of offshore structures. Southampton: Computational Mechanics Pub. 1987
[15]于皓,周延东,李欣.张力腿平台的环境载荷及响应.中国造船,2007,48(增):338
[16]刘应中,缪国平.船舶在波浪中的运动理论.上海交通大学出版社,1986
[17]Downie M.J.,Wang J.,Graham J.M.R.The Effectiveness of Porous Damping Devices[A].Proc.10th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conf.[C], Seattle, USA, 2000:418～425
[18]S. K. Ahmada, S. Ahmad. Active control of non-linearly coupled TLP response under wind and wave environments, Computers & Structures, 1999, 72(6):735～747
[19]DNV, SESAM User Manual Wadam Version 8.1, 2005
[20]邱强.船舶随机波浪载荷的理性预报方法.中国造船,2007,6(2):38
[21]白艳彬.深水半潜式钻井平台总体强度分析及疲劳强度评估,硕士学位论文.上海:上海交通大学,2010
[22]李彬彬,欧进萍,滕斌.深吃水多立柱平台稳性与水动力分析.海洋工程,2008,28(2):10～11
[23]SUBRATA K. CHAKRABARTI.Handbook of Offshore Engineering, Offshore Structure Analysis, Inc, 2005:504
[24]任贵永,海洋活动式平台,天津:天津大学出版社,1989:95～98
[25]DNV, OFFSHORE STANDARD DNV-OS-C105,2008
[26]孟祥斌.深水轻型单柱平台研究,硕士学位论文.上海:上海交通大学,2003
[27]API RP 2T. Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing, and Constructing Ten-sion Leg Platforms.1985
[28]DNV, SESAM User Manual Postresp Version 6.2, 2007
[29]DNV, SESAM User Manual HydroD Version 4.2, 2008
[30]任顺利,陈建民,梁艳霞.张力腿刚度对平台运动响应影响分析.石油矿场机械,2008,37(5):28～31
[31]安国亭,卢佩琼.海洋石油开发工艺与设备.天津:天津大学出版社,2001:68～71
[32]赵蕾.Spar平台上体结构设计及强度分析,硕士学位论文.天津:天津大学,2008
[33]竺艳蓉.海洋工程波浪力学.天津:天津大学出版社,1991:192～193
[34]Rules for Building and Classing Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit.ABS, 2008
[35]Column-stabilized Units.DNV,2005
[36]鲍莹斌.中等水深轻型张力腿平台的研究,博士学位论文.上海:上海交通大学,1999
[2]李牧.南海张力腿平台优化选型研究,硕士学位论文.天津:天津大学,2009
[3]董艳秋.深海采油平台波浪载荷及响应.天津大学出版社,2005:1～57
[4]鲍莹斌,李润培,顾永宁.张力腿平台研究领域和发展趋势.海洋工程,1998,16(4):22
[5]段梦兰,李秀巧,赵秀菊等.发展张力腿平台迎接深水钻井的挑战.石油机械,2000,28(12):48
[6]O.M.Faltinsen,船舶与海洋工程环境载荷(杨建民,肖龙飞,葛春花译).上海:上海交通大学出版社,2008:2～3
[7]胡志敏,董艳秋,张建民.张力腿平台水动力参数计算.海洋工程,2002,20(3)14～15
[8]潘子辉.深海半潜式钻井平台运动响应预报与分析.船舶,2008,2(1):32～33
[9]胡志敏,董艳秋,张建民.张力腿平台波浪载荷计算.中国海洋平台,2002,17(3):6
[10]B.J.Natvietal, ETeigen. Review of hydrodynamic challenges in TLP Design. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, V01.3, No.4 December 1993
[11]鲍莹斌,舒志,李润培.中等水深张力腿平台型式研究.海洋工程,2001,19(2):7～12
[12]曾晓辉,沈晓鹏,徐本和等.张力腿平台的水动力及结构力学问题.中国造船,2003,44(增):429～433
[13]典型深水平台概念设计研究课题组.张力腿平台水动力响应分析.中国造船,2005,46(增):484～485
[14]Chakrabarti, S.K. Hydrodynamics of offshore structures. Southampton: Computational Mechanics Pub. 1987
[15]于皓,周延东,李欣.张力腿平台的环境载荷及响应.中国造船,2007,48(增):338
[16]刘应中,缪国平.船舶在波浪中的运动理论.上海交通大学出版社,1986
[17]Downie M.J.,Wang J.,Graham J.M.R.The Effectiveness of Porous Damping Devices[A].Proc.10th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conf.[C], Seattle, USA, 2000:418～425
[18]S. K. Ahmada, S. Ahmad. Active control of non-linearly coupled TLP response under wind and wave environments, Computers & Structures, 1999, 72(6):735～747
[19]DNV, SESAM User Manual Wadam Version 8.1, 2005
[20]邱强.船舶随机波浪载荷的理性预报方法.中国造船,2007,6(2):38
[21]白艳彬.深水半潜式钻井平台总体强度分析及疲劳强度评估,硕士学位论文.上海:上海交通大学,2010
[22]李彬彬,欧进萍,滕斌.深吃水多立柱平台稳性与水动力分析.海洋工程,2008,28(2):10～11
[23]SUBRATA K. CHAKRABARTI.Handbook of Offshore Engineering, Offshore Structure Analysis, Inc, 2005:504
[24]任贵永,海洋活动式平台,天津:天津大学出版社,1989:95～98
[25]DNV, OFFSHORE STANDARD DNV-OS-C105,2008
[26]孟祥斌.深水轻型单柱平台研究,硕士学位论文.上海:上海交通大学,2003
[27]API RP 2T. Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing, and Constructing Ten-sion Leg Platforms.1985
[28]DNV, SESAM User Manual Postresp Version 6.2, 2007
[29]DNV, SESAM User Manual HydroD Version 4.2, 2008
[30]任顺利,陈建民,梁艳霞.张力腿刚度对平台运动响应影响分析.石油矿场机械,2008,37(5):28～31
[31]安国亭,卢佩琼.海洋石油开发工艺与设备.天津:天津大学出版社,2001:68～71
[32]赵蕾.Spar平台上体结构设计及强度分析,硕士学位论文.天津:天津大学,2008
[33]竺艳蓉.海洋工程波浪力学.天津:天津大学出版社,1991:192～193
[34]Rules for Building and Classing Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit.ABS, 2008
[35]Column-stabilized Units.DNV,2005
[36]鲍莹斌.中等水深轻型张力腿平台的研究,博士学位论文.上海:上海交通大学,1999