湖南古丈县生态公益林补偿制度研究
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摘要
生态公益林是国家林业建设的一个重要部分,同时也是确保生态安全和经济社会可持续发展的基础。目前,由于我国生态公益林效益补偿制度尚未完善,不仅堵塞了社会资金向生态公益林事业输送,而且削弱了农民对生态公益林建设的积极性、增添了政府部门工作难度,进而严重制约生态公益林整体发展和可持续经营。
生态公益林的补偿问题是一个生态建设、经济发展、法律保护三者相结合的复合问题,具有复杂性和深层次性。本文在对生态公益林基础理论和研究进展进行较系统的概述基础上,以湖南古丈县为例,就生态公益林的补偿现状、生态公益林的补偿法规集成及生态公益林补偿制度设计等进行了研究,并根据研究结果,提出了生态公益林补偿对策。主要结论如下：
1、国外生态公益林生态补偿的理论与实践虽然对我国具有借鉴意义,但由于国内外存在历史、文化、社会、经济等方面的差异,我国必须根据我国国情,探索符合我国特点的生态公益林补偿道路。
2、古丈县生态公益林总体建设面积较大,生物多样性程度高,具有丰富的生态价值和社会价值。然而,古丈县尽管按照国家法律法规要求基本上完成了生态公益林补偿工作,但是还存在补偿资金发放不及时、相关政策宣传不到位、补偿标准单一、采伐更新指标控制过于严格和缺乏生态公益林退出机制等问题。
3、通过对生态公益林基础理论研究、古丈县生态公益林的实地调查,并总结古丈县生态公益林补偿的现行法律、法规制度,笔者最后认为在古丈县生态公益林补偿的制度优化上,古丈县政府可做到：第一,对古丈县生态公益林补偿办法进行重构；特别是在符合国家规定的前提下提高本县的生态补偿标准；第二,设置重构生态公益林补偿办法的特别条款,如协调采伐指标限制的矛盾、制定退出机制、采用差异性补偿标准、设置多元化保护、配备乡镇级专职管理员等。
4、在古丈县生态公益林补偿对策的设计上,笔者认为一方面应在通过发展生态旅游和绿色碳基金来拓宽生态公益林补偿资金来源；另一方面应完善生态公益林的管理制度,加强生态公益林补偿制度实施状况的监督,通过内部监督和外部监督共同作用,促进生态补偿制度的合理、合法的实施。
Ecological forest is not only the important part of the National forestry construction, but also the basic of the ecological security and sustainable development of economy and society. At present, because the system of ecological forest compensation mechanism of our country is not perfect. This not only blocked the social capital conveying to ecological forest career, but also weakened the farmers' enthusiasm about construction of ecological forest, added government department's difficulty. These severely restrict overall development and sustainable management of ecological forest.
Compensation for ecological forests which is a complex problem combining with the ecological building, economic development and legal protection is complexity and depth. Based on basic theory and research development of ecological forest and taking Guzhang Hunan for example, this paper researches current situation of ecological forest compensation, ecological forest compensation regulations integration, the design of ecological forest compensation and so on. According to the results, this paper puts forward countermeasures ecological forest compensation. The main conclusions are as follows:
First, because of the differences between the domestic and foreign in history, culture, society and economy, we must base on China's national conditions explore ecological forest compensation road according with Chinese characteristics.
Second, in Guzhang ecological forest's total construction area is larger, has a high degree of biological diversity and has the rich ecological value and social value. However, Guzhang basically completed work ecological forest compensation according to state law regulations. But there are problems, such as compensation funds granted not timely, relevant policy propaganda not reaching the designated position, compensation standard single, cutting updated index controlled too strict and lack of ecological forest exit mechanism exit mechanism.
Through the basic theoretical research of ecological forest and on-the-spot investigation of Guzhang's ecological forest, then summarizing the existing laws and regulations system of ecological forest compensation in Guzhang, the author finally thought on the system optimization of ecological forest compensation in Guzhang and the Guzhang governments may do as follows:first, reconstructing the method of ecological forest compensation in Guzhang, especially on the premise that accords with national regulation improving the ecological compensation standards; second, setting special terms about the method of reconstruction to ecological forest compensation, such as coordinating cutting index limit contradiction, formulating an exit mechanism, adopting difference compensation standards, setting diversity protection, equipped with full-time administrator of township level
In the design of compensation measures on ecological forest in Guzhang County, I believe that on the one hand, to broaden the sources of compensation funds through the development of eco-tourism and green ecological forest carbon fund; on the other hand, to improve the ecological forest management system, and to strengthen the monitoring of ecological forest compensation systems. By the the joint action of internal and external oversight, there will be a reasonable and lawful implementation of ecological compensation system.
生态公益林的补偿问题是一个生态建设、经济发展、法律保护三者相结合的复合问题,具有复杂性和深层次性。本文在对生态公益林基础理论和研究进展进行较系统的概述基础上,以湖南古丈县为例,就生态公益林的补偿现状、生态公益林的补偿法规集成及生态公益林补偿制度设计等进行了研究,并根据研究结果,提出了生态公益林补偿对策。主要结论如下：
1、国外生态公益林生态补偿的理论与实践虽然对我国具有借鉴意义,但由于国内外存在历史、文化、社会、经济等方面的差异,我国必须根据我国国情,探索符合我国特点的生态公益林补偿道路。
2、古丈县生态公益林总体建设面积较大,生物多样性程度高,具有丰富的生态价值和社会价值。然而,古丈县尽管按照国家法律法规要求基本上完成了生态公益林补偿工作,但是还存在补偿资金发放不及时、相关政策宣传不到位、补偿标准单一、采伐更新指标控制过于严格和缺乏生态公益林退出机制等问题。
3、通过对生态公益林基础理论研究、古丈县生态公益林的实地调查,并总结古丈县生态公益林补偿的现行法律、法规制度,笔者最后认为在古丈县生态公益林补偿的制度优化上,古丈县政府可做到：第一,对古丈县生态公益林补偿办法进行重构；特别是在符合国家规定的前提下提高本县的生态补偿标准；第二,设置重构生态公益林补偿办法的特别条款,如协调采伐指标限制的矛盾、制定退出机制、采用差异性补偿标准、设置多元化保护、配备乡镇级专职管理员等。
4、在古丈县生态公益林补偿对策的设计上,笔者认为一方面应在通过发展生态旅游和绿色碳基金来拓宽生态公益林补偿资金来源；另一方面应完善生态公益林的管理制度,加强生态公益林补偿制度实施状况的监督,通过内部监督和外部监督共同作用,促进生态补偿制度的合理、合法的实施。
Ecological forest is not only the important part of the National forestry construction, but also the basic of the ecological security and sustainable development of economy and society. At present, because the system of ecological forest compensation mechanism of our country is not perfect. This not only blocked the social capital conveying to ecological forest career, but also weakened the farmers' enthusiasm about construction of ecological forest, added government department's difficulty. These severely restrict overall development and sustainable management of ecological forest.
Compensation for ecological forests which is a complex problem combining with the ecological building, economic development and legal protection is complexity and depth. Based on basic theory and research development of ecological forest and taking Guzhang Hunan for example, this paper researches current situation of ecological forest compensation, ecological forest compensation regulations integration, the design of ecological forest compensation and so on. According to the results, this paper puts forward countermeasures ecological forest compensation. The main conclusions are as follows:
First, because of the differences between the domestic and foreign in history, culture, society and economy, we must base on China's national conditions explore ecological forest compensation road according with Chinese characteristics.
Second, in Guzhang ecological forest's total construction area is larger, has a high degree of biological diversity and has the rich ecological value and social value. However, Guzhang basically completed work ecological forest compensation according to state law regulations. But there are problems, such as compensation funds granted not timely, relevant policy propaganda not reaching the designated position, compensation standard single, cutting updated index controlled too strict and lack of ecological forest exit mechanism exit mechanism.
Through the basic theoretical research of ecological forest and on-the-spot investigation of Guzhang's ecological forest, then summarizing the existing laws and regulations system of ecological forest compensation in Guzhang, the author finally thought on the system optimization of ecological forest compensation in Guzhang and the Guzhang governments may do as follows:first, reconstructing the method of ecological forest compensation in Guzhang, especially on the premise that accords with national regulation improving the ecological compensation standards; second, setting special terms about the method of reconstruction to ecological forest compensation, such as coordinating cutting index limit contradiction, formulating an exit mechanism, adopting difference compensation standards, setting diversity protection, equipped with full-time administrator of township level
In the design of compensation measures on ecological forest in Guzhang County, I believe that on the one hand, to broaden the sources of compensation funds through the development of eco-tourism and green ecological forest carbon fund; on the other hand, to improve the ecological forest management system, and to strengthen the monitoring of ecological forest compensation systems. By the the joint action of internal and external oversight, there will be a reasonable and lawful implementation of ecological compensation system.
引文
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