基于CAN总线和SOPC的汽车仪表系统的研究与设计
摘要
随着国内经济水平的提高,乘用车在家庭中得到大量普及和使用,国内汽车制造业也得到了快速的发展。汽车电子在汽车制造业中占有十分重要的地位,而电子控制单元(ECU)是汽车电子核心器件,实现对发动机、车身、底盘的控制并具有通信功能。而且随着车载导航,车载通信及车载娱乐的发展,对ECU的要求也越来越高。
目前大部分国内汽车行业ECU采用8位单片机加外围器件来实现,集成度低,体积大,可靠性不强,重要的是ECU的芯片大部分需要依赖进口,不仅价格昂贵,而且不具有自主知识产权。因此设计具有自主知识产权的控制器对我国汽车工业及其它相关产业的发展具有重要意义。
本文工作来源于广州汽车集团股份有限公司的十一五计划,即生产出具有自主知识产权的自主品牌乘用车。那么该款乘用车在车身、底盘,包括汽车电子方面都需要自主的设计、创新和研发。而汽车电子中的控制单元成了汽车电子设计的重中之重。
本文依据设计要求,采用最新的SOPC技术提出设计方案。用硬件描述语言VHDL设计了基于CAN总线的汽车电子仪表板中带显示控制单元,该电子控制单元可以实现对车辆包括安全、行驶参数、车载导航、车载娱乐等各种信息的显示和控制,且具有CAN总线通信功能。该仪表板中带显示控制单元具有使用方便、处理速度快、集成度高、可靠性好、价格低廉等优点。
With the rapidly economical growth. The automobile popularization and widely using in families, the automobile manufacturing is developing quickly in our country; the automobile electronics has occupied very important position in the field of the automobile manufacturing. Electronic Control Unit (ECU) is the core component in automobile electronics; it acts a part in some aspects such as the engine, bodywork, chassis controlling systems and the communication function. But with the development of GPS, vehicle communication and entertainment. The capability of ECU need more powerful.
At present, most of the ECU is designs using single chip with peripheral circuit, it has some defects such as low integration rate, bulky, bad dependability; most of ECU chip depends on import, it is so costliness that has no intellectual property rights. Therefore designs has the proprietary intellectual property rights controller has the vital significance to our country automobile industry and other correlation industry development.
This dissertation works originates from GAGC's eleventh Five-Year Plan. This plan is produce the automobile of independent brand with independent intellectual and property right. Then this automobile's body, chassis and electronic all need independent design, innovation and develop.
This dissertation according as the design request, uses the newest SOPC technology to propose the design proposal. Designed of automobile instrument based on CAN-bus with the hardware description language of VHDL. This automobile instrument can accomplish the system of vehicles including the security, the travelling parameter, the GPS, the vehicle entertainment and other kinds of information with demonstration and control. Also has function of communication based on CAN-bus. It has some advantages such as easing to use, fast proeessing speed, high integration,good depend ability and the low price ate.
目前大部分国内汽车行业ECU采用8位单片机加外围器件来实现,集成度低,体积大,可靠性不强,重要的是ECU的芯片大部分需要依赖进口,不仅价格昂贵,而且不具有自主知识产权。因此设计具有自主知识产权的控制器对我国汽车工业及其它相关产业的发展具有重要意义。
本文工作来源于广州汽车集团股份有限公司的十一五计划,即生产出具有自主知识产权的自主品牌乘用车。那么该款乘用车在车身、底盘,包括汽车电子方面都需要自主的设计、创新和研发。而汽车电子中的控制单元成了汽车电子设计的重中之重。
本文依据设计要求,采用最新的SOPC技术提出设计方案。用硬件描述语言VHDL设计了基于CAN总线的汽车电子仪表板中带显示控制单元,该电子控制单元可以实现对车辆包括安全、行驶参数、车载导航、车载娱乐等各种信息的显示和控制,且具有CAN总线通信功能。该仪表板中带显示控制单元具有使用方便、处理速度快、集成度高、可靠性好、价格低廉等优点。
With the rapidly economical growth. The automobile popularization and widely using in families, the automobile manufacturing is developing quickly in our country; the automobile electronics has occupied very important position in the field of the automobile manufacturing. Electronic Control Unit (ECU) is the core component in automobile electronics; it acts a part in some aspects such as the engine, bodywork, chassis controlling systems and the communication function. But with the development of GPS, vehicle communication and entertainment. The capability of ECU need more powerful.
At present, most of the ECU is designs using single chip with peripheral circuit, it has some defects such as low integration rate, bulky, bad dependability; most of ECU chip depends on import, it is so costliness that has no intellectual property rights. Therefore designs has the proprietary intellectual property rights controller has the vital significance to our country automobile industry and other correlation industry development.
This dissertation works originates from GAGC's eleventh Five-Year Plan. This plan is produce the automobile of independent brand with independent intellectual and property right. Then this automobile's body, chassis and electronic all need independent design, innovation and develop.
This dissertation according as the design request, uses the newest SOPC technology to propose the design proposal. Designed of automobile instrument based on CAN-bus with the hardware description language of VHDL. This automobile instrument can accomplish the system of vehicles including the security, the travelling parameter, the GPS, the vehicle entertainment and other kinds of information with demonstration and control. Also has function of communication based on CAN-bus. It has some advantages such as easing to use, fast proeessing speed, high integration,good depend ability and the low price ate.
引文
[1]袁大宏.发展我国的汽车电子产业.电子世界,2002.3
[2]张云龙,袁大宏等.电控汽车故障诊断技术的现状与发展趋势.汽车技术,2000.7
[3]何宇漾.电控汽车中电子技术的应用.渤海大学学报(自然科学版),2005.1
[4]尹娜,江洁,张广军.电子技术应用,2004.3
[5]葛林,周文华,徐航.CAN通信网络在汽车中的应用研究汽车术,2000.11
[6]蔡月明,刘浩.基于CAN总线的工业控制系统中国仪器表,2001.5
[7]袁大宏.国际汽车电子仪表应用现状及发展趋势.中国汽车报,2000.7
[8]Rober Bosch Gmbh.CAN Specification.Version 2.0.Stuttgart,Germany,1991
[9]饶运涛,邹继军,郑勇芸.现场总线CAN原理与应用技术.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[10]蔡月明,刘浩.基于CAN总线的工业控制系统中国仪器仪表,2001.5
[11]马安丽,刘兴华,林菩.汽车网络总线技术发展分析.汽车科技,2002.3
[12]www.fpga.com.cn
[13]G.Leen,D.Heffernan..Expanding Automotive Electronic Systems.IEEE Computer,2002.35:88-93
[14]薛以辉.基于FPGA的嵌入式微处理器设计与应用.国防科学技术大学硕士论文,2003
[15]张泉.可重用设计方法研究.重庆工学院学报,2005
[16]郑健.基于FPGA的SOC和IP core验证平台.上海交通大学硕士论文,2003
[17]Philips Semiconductors.CAN Specification Version 2,Parts A and B,1992
[18]杨惠田,亮田敏.CAN总线协议分析.中国仪器仪表学报,2002
[19]CIA.CAN Data Link Layer(CDLL)for Industrial Apphcations,1993
[20]CIA.CAN Physical Layer(CPL)for Industrial Apphcations,1993
[21]CIA.CAN Application Fields.1993
[22]Steven J.E.Wilton and Resve Saleh.Programmable Logic IP Cores in SoC Design:Opportunities Challenges.Proeeedings of the Custom Integrated Circuits Confierenee,2001P63-66
[23]Nios Development Board Referenee Manual,stratix professional Edition.Altera Inc,September,2004
[24]Mark Zwolinski.Digital System Design with VHDL.Prentice Hall,2000.10
[25]侯伯亨,顾新.VHDL硬件描述语言与数字电路设计.西安电子科技大学出版社,2003
[26]BOSCH.CAN Specification Version 2.0.ROBERT BOSCH GmbH,1991
[27]赵世霞,杨丰,刘揭生.VHDL与微机接口设计.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.7
[28]韩光省.基于LIN总线技术的汽车车门系统的开发.吉林大学硕士毕业论文,2005.6
[29]唐思章,黄勇.SOPC与嵌入式系统软硬件协同设计.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2005.12:5-8
[30]陆重阳,卢东华.IP技术在SOC中的地位及应用.微电子技术,2002.30
[31]Warren Savage,John Chiilton,Raul Camposano,IP Reuse in the System on a Chip Era,SynoPsys Inc.Mountain View,Califomia,USA,IEEE,1080/1820,2000
[32]苏舟.SoC系统描述与system C.电子设计应用,2004.8
[33]James O.Hamblen,Michael D.Furman,Rapid Prototyping of Digital Systems,London:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001
[34]傅丰林.Nios软核心嵌入式处理器设计大赛优秀作品精选.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005
[35]Altera Corporation,Nios Ⅱ Development Kit-Getting Started User Guide,December,2004
[36]Altera Corporation,Nios Ⅱ Processor Reference Handbook,December 2004
[37]Altera Corporation,Nios Ⅱ Software Developer's Handbook,December 2004
[38]Altera Corporation,Nios Ⅱ Hardware Development Tutorial,December 2004
[39]Altera Corporation,Using Lightweight IP with the Nios Ⅱ Processor Tutorial,December 2004
[40]Altera Corporation,Nios Ⅱ Custom Instruction User Guide,December 2004
[41]Altera Corporation,Using MicroC/OS-Ⅱ RTOS with the Nios Ⅱ Processor Tutorial,December 2004
[42](美)Bob Zeidman著赵宏图译.基于FPGA&CPLD的数字IC设计方法=Designing with FPGAs&CPLDs.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[43]王诚.Altera FPGA/CPLD设计基础篇.北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[2]张云龙,袁大宏等.电控汽车故障诊断技术的现状与发展趋势.汽车技术,2000.7
[3]何宇漾.电控汽车中电子技术的应用.渤海大学学报(自然科学版),2005.1
[4]尹娜,江洁,张广军.电子技术应用,2004.3
[5]葛林,周文华,徐航.CAN通信网络在汽车中的应用研究汽车术,2000.11
[6]蔡月明,刘浩.基于CAN总线的工业控制系统中国仪器表,2001.5
[7]袁大宏.国际汽车电子仪表应用现状及发展趋势.中国汽车报,2000.7
[8]Rober Bosch Gmbh.CAN Specification.Version 2.0.Stuttgart,Germany,1991
[9]饶运涛,邹继军,郑勇芸.现场总线CAN原理与应用技术.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[10]蔡月明,刘浩.基于CAN总线的工业控制系统中国仪器仪表,2001.5
[11]马安丽,刘兴华,林菩.汽车网络总线技术发展分析.汽车科技,2002.3
[12]www.fpga.com.cn
[13]G.Leen,D.Heffernan..Expanding Automotive Electronic Systems.IEEE Computer,2002.35:88-93
[14]薛以辉.基于FPGA的嵌入式微处理器设计与应用.国防科学技术大学硕士论文,2003
[15]张泉.可重用设计方法研究.重庆工学院学报,2005
[16]郑健.基于FPGA的SOC和IP core验证平台.上海交通大学硕士论文,2003
[17]Philips Semiconductors.CAN Specification Version 2,Parts A and B,1992
[18]杨惠田,亮田敏.CAN总线协议分析.中国仪器仪表学报,2002
[19]CIA.CAN Data Link Layer(CDLL)for Industrial Apphcations,1993
[20]CIA.CAN Physical Layer(CPL)for Industrial Apphcations,1993
[21]CIA.CAN Application Fields.1993
[22]Steven J.E.Wilton and Resve Saleh.Programmable Logic IP Cores in SoC Design:Opportunities Challenges.Proeeedings of the Custom Integrated Circuits Confierenee,2001P63-66
[23]Nios Development Board Referenee Manual,stratix professional Edition.Altera Inc,September,2004
[24]Mark Zwolinski.Digital System Design with VHDL.Prentice Hall,2000.10
[25]侯伯亨,顾新.VHDL硬件描述语言与数字电路设计.西安电子科技大学出版社,2003
[26]BOSCH.CAN Specification Version 2.0.ROBERT BOSCH GmbH,1991
[27]赵世霞,杨丰,刘揭生.VHDL与微机接口设计.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.7
[28]韩光省.基于LIN总线技术的汽车车门系统的开发.吉林大学硕士毕业论文,2005.6
[29]唐思章,黄勇.SOPC与嵌入式系统软硬件协同设计.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2005.12:5-8
[30]陆重阳,卢东华.IP技术在SOC中的地位及应用.微电子技术,2002.30
[31]Warren Savage,John Chiilton,Raul Camposano,IP Reuse in the System on a Chip Era,SynoPsys Inc.Mountain View,Califomia,USA,IEEE,1080/1820,2000
[32]苏舟.SoC系统描述与system C.电子设计应用,2004.8
[33]James O.Hamblen,Michael D.Furman,Rapid Prototyping of Digital Systems,London:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001
[34]傅丰林.Nios软核心嵌入式处理器设计大赛优秀作品精选.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005
[35]Altera Corporation,Nios Ⅱ Development Kit-Getting Started User Guide,December,2004
[36]Altera Corporation,Nios Ⅱ Processor Reference Handbook,December 2004
[37]Altera Corporation,Nios Ⅱ Software Developer's Handbook,December 2004
[38]Altera Corporation,Nios Ⅱ Hardware Development Tutorial,December 2004
[39]Altera Corporation,Using Lightweight IP with the Nios Ⅱ Processor Tutorial,December 2004
[40]Altera Corporation,Nios Ⅱ Custom Instruction User Guide,December 2004
[41]Altera Corporation,Using MicroC/OS-Ⅱ RTOS with the Nios Ⅱ Processor Tutorial,December 2004
[42](美)Bob Zeidman著赵宏图译.基于FPGA&CPLD的数字IC设计方法=Designing with FPGAs&CPLDs.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[43]王诚.Altera FPGA/CPLD设计基础篇.北京:人民邮电出版社,2005