HACCP质量管理体系在“光华百特”无公害生猪的应用研究
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摘要
无公害生猪生产技术是近几年无公害农产品生产技术研究的热点。分析国内外养猪形势,影响我国养猪效益的最根本因素是质量问题,由于我国的饲养方法、饲养环境、疫病防治、药物控制、猪肉卫生指标达不到先进国家标准的要求而难以进入国际市场。导致这一问题的原因是环境污染、饲料安全性差及药物残留超标等。因此,走标准化生产之路,实现无公害生猪生产,创立名牌产品,提高我国农产品国际市场竞争力成为当务之急。ISO22000标准采用“基于风险”的方法来建立安全管理体系,融合前提方案和HACCP的预防性体系来防控农产品风险,可以说,ISO22000标准为建立统一食品链安全管理体系提供了平台,这将给全球食品的生产、质量保障、危害防控和安全监管产生广泛而又深远的影响。本论文以福建光华农牧科技开发有限公司的“光华百特”牌无公害猪肉生产加工体系为研究对象,将适用于食品链中所有类型的ISO22000食品安全管理体系导入无公害猪肉生产系统,从猪肉生产的源头(即生猪的饲养),到运输接收等整个系统建立HACCP管理体系。通过全面系统地分析生产过程中各个环节潜在的危害,确定了生猪饲养、饮用水、饲料、疫病、药物使用、公共卫生和生物安全因素、生猪运输接收、进厂检疫检验等控制点,建立关键限值,分别制订了HACCP计划。通过对关键控制点的监控,及时地进行纠偏,从而使猪肉安全的潜在危害得到有效的预防、消除或减低到可接受水平,建立一套科学高效、简便合理、实用性、专业性强的食品安全管理体系来有效控制整个猪肉生产过程,使猪肉生产达到无公害质量标准要求,实现真正意义上的无公害猪肉生产。
The technology of producing environment-friendly pigs has become a hot topic of pollution-free agricultural products research in recent years. The analysis of the situation of raising pigs shows that the key factor lies in the poor quality of pigs. Because the way we use to raise pigs, environment that pigs live in, the prevention and cure of pigs'diseases, the control to drugs used to cure the diseases and the health indicators of pork fails to meet international standard. The reasons that lead to these problems are environmental pollution, poor safety of feed stuff and excessive drug residues. Therefore, it is imperative for us to raise pigs according to international standards, make the domestic pigs free from public harm and pollution and build our own brands. Only in this way, can we improve the product competitiveness in international markets. ISO22000 has set up the safety management system by adopting the way of "Basing on risks". It combines the prerequisite program and HACCP prevention system to control the risks of agricultural products. Therefore, ISO22000 has provided a platform for building a uniform food safety management system and it will have a great effect on food production, insurance of product quality, prevention and control of hazards, supervision and management of safety. This paper studies on pollution-free pigs production and processing system in Fujian Guanghua Agriculture and Husbandry Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd and all kinds of ISO22000 food safety management system, which are suitable to the food chain, are put into the pollution-free pork production system. The raising of pigs and the transportation of pigs are both considered in the HACCP management system. This paper analyses various possible shortages or deficiencies in the process of pork production, also sets some key control points in terms of pigs raising, water for pigs drinking, feed stuff, diseases, drugs, hygiene, biology safety, pigs transportation and quarantine. At the same time, some thresholds are founded and HACCP plan is set up. With key control points, we correct some mistakes made by us in time so that potential hazards can be effectively prevented and eliminated or the level of hazards drops as low as possible. And a scientific, efficient, rational, practical food safety management system is used to supervise and control the process of pork production so that we can produce pollution-free pork really.
The technology of producing environment-friendly pigs has become a hot topic of pollution-free agricultural products research in recent years. The analysis of the situation of raising pigs shows that the key factor lies in the poor quality of pigs. Because the way we use to raise pigs, environment that pigs live in, the prevention and cure of pigs'diseases, the control to drugs used to cure the diseases and the health indicators of pork fails to meet international standard. The reasons that lead to these problems are environmental pollution, poor safety of feed stuff and excessive drug residues. Therefore, it is imperative for us to raise pigs according to international standards, make the domestic pigs free from public harm and pollution and build our own brands. Only in this way, can we improve the product competitiveness in international markets. ISO22000 has set up the safety management system by adopting the way of "Basing on risks". It combines the prerequisite program and HACCP prevention system to control the risks of agricultural products. Therefore, ISO22000 has provided a platform for building a uniform food safety management system and it will have a great effect on food production, insurance of product quality, prevention and control of hazards, supervision and management of safety. This paper studies on pollution-free pigs production and processing system in Fujian Guanghua Agriculture and Husbandry Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd and all kinds of ISO22000 food safety management system, which are suitable to the food chain, are put into the pollution-free pork production system. The raising of pigs and the transportation of pigs are both considered in the HACCP management system. This paper analyses various possible shortages or deficiencies in the process of pork production, also sets some key control points in terms of pigs raising, water for pigs drinking, feed stuff, diseases, drugs, hygiene, biology safety, pigs transportation and quarantine. At the same time, some thresholds are founded and HACCP plan is set up. With key control points, we correct some mistakes made by us in time so that potential hazards can be effectively prevented and eliminated or the level of hazards drops as low as possible. And a scientific, efficient, rational, practical food safety management system is used to supervise and control the process of pork production so that we can produce pollution-free pork really.
引文
1.操作规范—食品卫生通则--CAC/RCP 1-1969, Rev.3-1997, Amd.1999
2.董颖超,秦玉昌等.HACCP的基本原理及其在畜禽配合饲料加工中的应用.饲料广角,2004,24：22～28
3.董志岩,方桂友,冯玉兰.无公害生猪生产的关键技术.福建畜牧兽医,2002,6
4.福建农业厅.无公害畜禽产品培训教材.福建：福建农业出版社,2002
5.郭长明,俞伏松,方勤美等.福建猪群猪链球菌2型血清学调查与分析.中国人兽共患病学报.2009,4：338～339
6.黄缨.主要危害分析及关键控制点研究.今日畜牧兽医兽医,2007,1：21～22
7.樊福好.养猪企业的HACCP管理模式.中国牧业通讯,2003,2：29～31
8.胡腊英,骆爱枝,余兆新等.规模化猪场疾病控制失败原因及改进措施.湖北畜牧兽医,2006,8：22～23
9.廖国周.安全优质猪肉的生产.畜禽业,2003,2：24～26
10.季建刚.食品行业应用HACCP原理时存在的主要问题和解决对策.上海预防科学.2002,14(7)：347～349
11.聂青平.浅谈国际新标准ISO22000把握饲料生产安全管理体系特点.广东饲料,2007,3：7～9
12.领悟ISO22000确保食品安全.中国食品科技网,2009
13.刘新芬.HACCP的发展及研究现状.内蒙古科技与经济,2009,4：20～21
14.钱鸿萍.发展中国家在开发和利用HACCP食品管理体系中所遇到的障碍.现代商检科技,1998,8(2)：56～58
15.卜明生,王艳.无公害生猪饲料的危害分析与关键控制点.畜牧兽医科技信息,2007,2：94～95
16.食品安全管理体系-要求ISO/DIS22000, IDT.国家质量监督检验检疫总局
17.申济丰.无公害生猪生产技术.饲料广角,2005,13：35～37
18.田玉堂,李佰文,王庆龙.谈无公害生猪生产小区的建设标准.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2007,5：96～97
19.王凤忠,吴粹文,张宝德.我国的蜂产品质量安全.中国农科院蜜蜂研究所.2006
20.王解盾,吴丽莉.HACCP系统与食品卫生监督.中国公共卫生管理.2003,19(3)：207～208
21.无公害生猪综合生产配套技术研究中试示范可行性报告.绍兴兽医站
22.吴德峰.畜牧业与循环经济.福建省农技推广系改革与建设示范县基础农技员培训教材,2010
23.吴汉民,韩素珍.HACCP体系的原理.宁波大学学报(理工版),1998,11(1)：84～89
24.夏咸柱.关注野生动物疫病研究与人类健康.中国禽业导刊,2004,21(22)：8～10
25.现代种猪的生产管理技术.时代养猪资讯
26.尹郁荪.无公害牛肉生产HACCP的设计.江西畜牧兽医杂志,2004,2：12～14
27.于桂阳.浅谈我国“无公害猪肉”的生产.饲料广角,2004,24：31～33
28.张志刚.HACCP在无公害猪肉生产中的应用.福建畜牧兽医,2004,26(增刊)：34～36
29.周元军.微生态制剂在养猪业中的开发应用.饲料世界,2004,1：26～27
30.赵箭,张萍萍.国内外HACCP体系及其应用现状.肉类研究,2005,1：48～49
31.张根生.危害分析与关键控制点在现代食品加工企业中的应用.北京：中国计量出版社,2004,11：29～30
32.朱正鹏,单安山等.饲料工业实施HACCP体系的基本步骤.饲料博览,2004,10： 17～19
33.中国进出口商品检验总公司.食品生产企业HACCP体系实施指南.北京：中国农业科学技术出版社,2002
34.中国质量技术监督.ISO22000--食品链的守卫者.2008
35. NACMCF(National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods). Hazard analysis and critical control point principles and application guidelines. Journalof Food Protection,1998,61:1246～1259
2.董颖超,秦玉昌等.HACCP的基本原理及其在畜禽配合饲料加工中的应用.饲料广角,2004,24：22～28
3.董志岩,方桂友,冯玉兰.无公害生猪生产的关键技术.福建畜牧兽医,2002,6
4.福建农业厅.无公害畜禽产品培训教材.福建：福建农业出版社,2002
5.郭长明,俞伏松,方勤美等.福建猪群猪链球菌2型血清学调查与分析.中国人兽共患病学报.2009,4：338～339
6.黄缨.主要危害分析及关键控制点研究.今日畜牧兽医兽医,2007,1：21～22
7.樊福好.养猪企业的HACCP管理模式.中国牧业通讯,2003,2：29～31
8.胡腊英,骆爱枝,余兆新等.规模化猪场疾病控制失败原因及改进措施.湖北畜牧兽医,2006,8：22～23
9.廖国周.安全优质猪肉的生产.畜禽业,2003,2：24～26
10.季建刚.食品行业应用HACCP原理时存在的主要问题和解决对策.上海预防科学.2002,14(7)：347～349
11.聂青平.浅谈国际新标准ISO22000把握饲料生产安全管理体系特点.广东饲料,2007,3：7～9
12.领悟ISO22000确保食品安全.中国食品科技网,2009
13.刘新芬.HACCP的发展及研究现状.内蒙古科技与经济,2009,4：20～21
14.钱鸿萍.发展中国家在开发和利用HACCP食品管理体系中所遇到的障碍.现代商检科技,1998,8(2)：56～58
15.卜明生,王艳.无公害生猪饲料的危害分析与关键控制点.畜牧兽医科技信息,2007,2：94～95
16.食品安全管理体系-要求ISO/DIS22000, IDT.国家质量监督检验检疫总局
17.申济丰.无公害生猪生产技术.饲料广角,2005,13：35～37
18.田玉堂,李佰文,王庆龙.谈无公害生猪生产小区的建设标准.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2007,5：96～97
19.王凤忠,吴粹文,张宝德.我国的蜂产品质量安全.中国农科院蜜蜂研究所.2006
20.王解盾,吴丽莉.HACCP系统与食品卫生监督.中国公共卫生管理.2003,19(3)：207～208
21.无公害生猪综合生产配套技术研究中试示范可行性报告.绍兴兽医站
22.吴德峰.畜牧业与循环经济.福建省农技推广系改革与建设示范县基础农技员培训教材,2010
23.吴汉民,韩素珍.HACCP体系的原理.宁波大学学报(理工版),1998,11(1)：84～89
24.夏咸柱.关注野生动物疫病研究与人类健康.中国禽业导刊,2004,21(22)：8～10
25.现代种猪的生产管理技术.时代养猪资讯
26.尹郁荪.无公害牛肉生产HACCP的设计.江西畜牧兽医杂志,2004,2：12～14
27.于桂阳.浅谈我国“无公害猪肉”的生产.饲料广角,2004,24：31～33
28.张志刚.HACCP在无公害猪肉生产中的应用.福建畜牧兽医,2004,26(增刊)：34～36
29.周元军.微生态制剂在养猪业中的开发应用.饲料世界,2004,1：26～27
30.赵箭,张萍萍.国内外HACCP体系及其应用现状.肉类研究,2005,1：48～49
31.张根生.危害分析与关键控制点在现代食品加工企业中的应用.北京：中国计量出版社,2004,11：29～30
32.朱正鹏,单安山等.饲料工业实施HACCP体系的基本步骤.饲料博览,2004,10： 17～19
33.中国进出口商品检验总公司.食品生产企业HACCP体系实施指南.北京：中国农业科学技术出版社,2002
34.中国质量技术监督.ISO22000--食品链的守卫者.2008
35. NACMCF(National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods). Hazard analysis and critical control point principles and application guidelines. Journalof Food Protection,1998,61:1246～1259