镉、铅胁迫对野生地被植物甘野菊种子萌发、幼苗生长及生理特性的影响
|
摘要
本试验采用水培的方法,以园林地被植物甘野菊为材料,系统研究了Cd、Pb胁迫对甘野菊种子萌发、植株生长、生理生化的影响。本研究为阐明植物重金属毒害机理提供了依据,为园林地被植物进行矿冶区、土壤污染地植被恢复和重金属的植物修复提供了参考。试验得出的主要结果如下:
1.种子萌发试验表明:当浓度低于20mg/L时,Cd对甘野菊种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数均没有显著影响。在0-100mg/L范围内随着处理浓度的升高,甘野菊活力指数显著降低,幼苗长度减小,说明低浓度Cd胁迫(0mg/L、20mg/L)对甘野菊种子萌发的影响较小,但高浓度Cd胁迫(50mg/L、100mg/L)对甘野菊种子萌发的影响显著,幼苗几乎不伸长,也无侧根,褐变加重。萌发后幼苗的建成对Cd胁迫反应敏感。
Pb胁迫对甘野菊种子的发芽率、发芽指数没有明显的影响,但发芽势、活力指数显著降低,幼苗长度减小,严重时幼苗变褐、死亡,抑制作用增强。
2.植株生长发育研究发现:Cd、Pb胁迫下,甘野菊幼苗的植株生长缓慢,叶片发黄甚至出现干枯落叶现象,根系变褐、变黑。老叶症状较新叶严重。Cd、Pb胁迫能明显抑制甘野菊的生长:甘野菊根系总长度、根表面积、地上部干重、根系干重、叶绿素含量等均随着重金属胁迫的加重显著下降,说明Cd、Pb胁迫对甘野菊的毒害加重。但总体上看,Cd对甘野菊的毒害作用强于Pb。
3.生理生化试验证明:甘野菊在Cd、Pb胁迫后SOD活性、MDA含量、Pro含量都随着处理浓度的加大而增加;POD在低浓度Cd(1mg/L)胁迫下,活性急剧增强,在Pb胁迫下,处理与对照的活性无显著差异;低浓度Cd(1mg/L)和Pb(5mg/L)胁迫后均导致可溶性糖含量的增加,表明甘野菊对镉、铅胁迫在一定的浓度范围内有抵抗能力,但随处理浓度的加大,抗性能力减弱。
The systematic studies had been done with respect to the mechanisms of Cd, Pb accumulation and toxicity in Dendranthema lavandulifolium by hydroponic culture, based on the investigation of Cd, Pb on the seed germination, plant growth, physiological metabolisms in Dendranthema lavandulifolium. This study provided the theoretical background for both heavy metal toxicity mechanisms and plant resistance to heavy metal, and practical background for the phytoremediation at mining sites or contaminated soils.
The main results are as follows:
1. The experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different cadmium, lead levels on the seed germination aspects of Dendranthema lavandulifolium. The results showed that Cd had no effect on Dendranthema lavandulifolium germination rate,germination vigor,germination index when Cd concentration at 20 mg.L-1, but its vigor index and seedling length reduce with the increment of Cd concentration at 0 mg.L-1 and 100mg.L-1.
Pb concentration had no effect on Dendranthema lavandulifolium germination rate,germination index,but Pb inhibitory function was enhanced in the germination vigor, vigor index and seedling length with the increment of exposure concentration. Even brown or dead seedling could be observed.
2. The growth of Dendranthema lavandulifolium to the stress of Cd and Pb at different concentrations were studied by hydroponic culture. It is found that plant growth can be inhibited by Cd and Pb stress. Total root length, root surface area, root dry weight, chlorophyll contents reduce significantly with the increment of heavy metal stress, thereby Cd and Pb are more toxic to Dendranthema lavandulifolium. Cd and Pb toxicity symptoms, like slow growth, chlorisis leaves, brown roots were observed. Stronger toxicity symptoms appeare on older leaves.Taking one with another, Cd is more toxic than Pb .
3. The Physiological and biochemical changes of Dendranthema lavandulifolium to the stress of Cd and Pb at different concentrations had been measured. The results show that SOD activity, MDA content,Pro content increase as Cd and Pb concentration increase. POD activity increase at 1mg.L-1 Cd , but Pb do not show significant effect on Dendranthema lavandulifolium. Both Cd(1 mg.L-1)and Pb(5 mg.L-1)stress result in the increment of soluble sugar content. It can be concluded that Dendranthema lavandulifolium is resistant to Cd and Pb stress at low concentration, while is reduce to Cd and Pb stress at high concentration.
1.种子萌发试验表明:当浓度低于20mg/L时,Cd对甘野菊种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数均没有显著影响。在0-100mg/L范围内随着处理浓度的升高,甘野菊活力指数显著降低,幼苗长度减小,说明低浓度Cd胁迫(0mg/L、20mg/L)对甘野菊种子萌发的影响较小,但高浓度Cd胁迫(50mg/L、100mg/L)对甘野菊种子萌发的影响显著,幼苗几乎不伸长,也无侧根,褐变加重。萌发后幼苗的建成对Cd胁迫反应敏感。
Pb胁迫对甘野菊种子的发芽率、发芽指数没有明显的影响,但发芽势、活力指数显著降低,幼苗长度减小,严重时幼苗变褐、死亡,抑制作用增强。
2.植株生长发育研究发现:Cd、Pb胁迫下,甘野菊幼苗的植株生长缓慢,叶片发黄甚至出现干枯落叶现象,根系变褐、变黑。老叶症状较新叶严重。Cd、Pb胁迫能明显抑制甘野菊的生长:甘野菊根系总长度、根表面积、地上部干重、根系干重、叶绿素含量等均随着重金属胁迫的加重显著下降,说明Cd、Pb胁迫对甘野菊的毒害加重。但总体上看,Cd对甘野菊的毒害作用强于Pb。
3.生理生化试验证明:甘野菊在Cd、Pb胁迫后SOD活性、MDA含量、Pro含量都随着处理浓度的加大而增加;POD在低浓度Cd(1mg/L)胁迫下,活性急剧增强,在Pb胁迫下,处理与对照的活性无显著差异;低浓度Cd(1mg/L)和Pb(5mg/L)胁迫后均导致可溶性糖含量的增加,表明甘野菊对镉、铅胁迫在一定的浓度范围内有抵抗能力,但随处理浓度的加大,抗性能力减弱。
The systematic studies had been done with respect to the mechanisms of Cd, Pb accumulation and toxicity in Dendranthema lavandulifolium by hydroponic culture, based on the investigation of Cd, Pb on the seed germination, plant growth, physiological metabolisms in Dendranthema lavandulifolium. This study provided the theoretical background for both heavy metal toxicity mechanisms and plant resistance to heavy metal, and practical background for the phytoremediation at mining sites or contaminated soils.
The main results are as follows:
1. The experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different cadmium, lead levels on the seed germination aspects of Dendranthema lavandulifolium. The results showed that Cd had no effect on Dendranthema lavandulifolium germination rate,germination vigor,germination index when Cd concentration at 20 mg.L-1, but its vigor index and seedling length reduce with the increment of Cd concentration at 0 mg.L-1 and 100mg.L-1.
Pb concentration had no effect on Dendranthema lavandulifolium germination rate,germination index,but Pb inhibitory function was enhanced in the germination vigor, vigor index and seedling length with the increment of exposure concentration. Even brown or dead seedling could be observed.
2. The growth of Dendranthema lavandulifolium to the stress of Cd and Pb at different concentrations were studied by hydroponic culture. It is found that plant growth can be inhibited by Cd and Pb stress. Total root length, root surface area, root dry weight, chlorophyll contents reduce significantly with the increment of heavy metal stress, thereby Cd and Pb are more toxic to Dendranthema lavandulifolium. Cd and Pb toxicity symptoms, like slow growth, chlorisis leaves, brown roots were observed. Stronger toxicity symptoms appeare on older leaves.Taking one with another, Cd is more toxic than Pb .
3. The Physiological and biochemical changes of Dendranthema lavandulifolium to the stress of Cd and Pb at different concentrations had been measured. The results show that SOD activity, MDA content,Pro content increase as Cd and Pb concentration increase. POD activity increase at 1mg.L-1 Cd , but Pb do not show significant effect on Dendranthema lavandulifolium. Both Cd(1 mg.L-1)and Pb(5 mg.L-1)stress result in the increment of soluble sugar content. It can be concluded that Dendranthema lavandulifolium is resistant to Cd and Pb stress at low concentration, while is reduce to Cd and Pb stress at high concentration.
引文
1 张春荣,夏立江,杜相革等.镉对紫花苜蓿种子萌发的影响[J].中国农报,2004,20(5).253- 255.
2 Nicholson F A,Jones K C.Efect of phosphate fertilizers and atmospheric deposition on long time changes in the cadmium content of soil an dcrop[J].Envkon.Sci.Tech.,1994,28:2170-2175.
3 Prasad M N V. Heavy Metal Stress in Plants [M].Biomolecules to Ecosystems.2004, 2:178-218.
4 褚贵新,任岗.重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术的研究进展[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2001,5(4):342-346.
5 韦朝阳,陈同斌,黄泽春等.大叶井口边草—一种新发现的富集砷的植物[J].生态学报, 2002,22(5):777-778.
6 陈怀满,陈能场,陈英旭等著.土壤-植物系统中的重金属污染[M].科学出版社,1996,1-7,71-
75,85-88,210-218,238-247.
7 许嘉琳,杨居荣.陆地生态系统中的重金属[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1995.40-55,333- 342.
8 Toppi L S di, Gabbrielli R. Response to cadmium in higher plants[J]. Environ. Expri. Bot.1999, 41(2):105-130.
9 Shah K, Dubey R S. Cadmium elevates level of protein, amino acids and alters activity of proteolytic enzymes in germinating rice seeds [J].Acta. Physiol. Plant.1998, 20:189-196.
10 Krupa Z. Cadmium-induced changes in the composition and structure of the light- harvesting complex in radish cotyledons [J].Physiol. Plant. 1988, 73:518-524.
11 Siedlecka A, Krupa Z. Interaction between cadium and iron and its effects on Photosyathletic capacity of primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris [J].Plant Physiol. Biochem. 1996,34(6):833-841.
12 Larsson E H, Bordman J F, Asp H. Influence of UV-B radiation and Cd2+ on chlorophyll fluorescence,growth and nutrient content in Brassica napus [J]. J. Expri. Bot. 1998, 49:1031-1039.
13 Stobartak, Griffithswt, Ameen Bukharii, et al. The effect of Cd on the biosynthesis of chlorophyll in leaves of barley [J]. Physiol Plant, 1985, 63: 293-298.
14 Barcel J, Poschenrieder C. Plant water relations as affected by heavy metal stress: a review [J].J.Plant.Nutr.1990,13:1-37.
15 Bogssama N, Ouariti O, Suzuki A, Ghorbal M H. Cd stress on nitrogen assimilation[J].J. Plant Physiol.1999,155:310-317.
16 Verma S, Dubey R S. Effect of cadmium on soluble sugars and their metabolism in riee [J].Biol.Plant.2001,44:117-123.
17 Lee S M, Leustek T. Distribution of cadmium and induced Cd binding proteins in roots, stems and leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris [J].Plant Sci.1999,141:201-207.
18 Chaoui A, Mazhoudi S, Ghorbal M etal. Cadmium and zinc induction of lipid peroxydation and effects on antioxidant enzyme activities in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) [J].Plant Sci.1997,127:139-147.
19 Gallego S M, Benavides M P, Tomaro M L. Effect of heavy metal ion excess on sunflower leaves: evidence for involvemet of oxidative stress [J].Plant Sci.1996, 121:125-159.
20 李丽君,郑普山.镉对玉米种子萌发和生长的影响[J].山西大学学报,2003,24(1):93-94.
21 何念祖,孟嚼福.植物营养原理[M].上海:上海科技出版杜,1997.354.
22 周启星,宋玉芳等.污染土壤修复原理与方法[M].科学出版社,2004.
23 吴思英,田俊,周天枢等.镉污染区居民疾病死亡谱分析[J].中国公共卫生,2003,19(1):29-
30.
24 吴思英,田俊,王绵珍等.镉污染对居民亚健康状态和慢性病发生的影响[J].中国公共卫生, 2004,20(9):1053-1054.
25 朱中平,沈彤,杨永坚等.环境铅污染对幼儿体格发育的影响[J].安徽预防医学杂志,2006,12 (1):10-14.
26 QuintanillaVB,HoorerD,BalW,etal.Lead effects on protamine-DNA binding[J].AmJ IndMed,2000,38:324-329.
27 Shabani A ,Rabbani A .Lead nitrate induced apoptosis in alveolar macrophages fram rat lung[J].Toxicology,2000,149:10-114.
28 邢增涛,曲明清,李明容等.培养料中重金属元素对金针菇产品质量安全的影响[J].上海农业学报,2007,23(2):24-27.
29 刘军,李先恩,王涛等.药用植物中铅的形态和分布研究[J].农业环境保护,2002,21(2):143- 145.
30 李嫦玲.镉、铅及其复合污染对菊科植物生长和品质安全性的影响[D].南京农业大学,2006, 37-38.
31 陈怀满,郑春荣,周东美等著.土壤中的化学物质的行为与环境质量[M].科学出版社,2002.11 -14,102-105,123-125.
32 Zhang G P,Fukami M,Sekimoto H. Influence of cadmium on mineral concentrations and components in wheat genotypes differing in Cd tolerance at seedling stage [J]. Field Crops Res. 2002,77:93-98.
33 Simon L. Cadmium accumulation and distribution in sunflower Plant[J]. PlantNutr.1998, 21(2):341-352.
34 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.370-380.
35 陶俊,陈刚才,赵琦等.重庆市大气TSP中重金属分布特征[J].重庆环境科学,2003,25(12):15 -16.
36 韩东昱,龚庆杰,岑况.北京市公园土壤Cu、Pb、Zn的含量特征[J].地学前缘,2005,12(2):132 -132.
37 符娟林,章明奎,厉仁安.基于GIS的杭州市居民区土壤重金属污染现状及空间分异研究[J].土壤通报,2005,36(4):575-578.
38 史贵涛,陈振楼,许世远等.上海市区公园土壤重金属含量及其污染评价[J].土壤通报, 2006, 37(3):490-494.
39 管东生,陈玉娟,阮国标.广州城市及近郊土壤重金属含量特征及人类活动的影响[ J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2001,40(4):93-96.
40 卢瑛,龚子同,张甘霖等.南京城市土壤重金属含量及其影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2004,15 (1):123-126.
41 李章平,陈玉成,杨学春等.重庆市主城区街道地表物中重金属的污染特征[J].水土保持学报, 2006,20(1):114-116.
42 张辉,马东升.城市生活垃圾向土壤释放重金属研究[J].环境化学,2001,20(I):43-47.
43 邹海明,李粉茹,官楠等.大气中TSP和降尘对土壤重金属累积的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006, 22(5):393-395.
44 Nriagu JO. Changingmetal cycles and human health[M]. Ber-lin: Springer-verlag, 1984: 113-141.
45 Orlova A D, Bannon D I, FarfelM R, et a1. Pilot study osources of lead exposure inMoscow,Russia[J]. EnvironmentaGeochemistry andHealth, 1995, 17(4): 200-210.
46 史贵涛,陈振楼,李海雯等.城市土壤重金属污染研究现状与趋势[J].环境监测管理与技术,2006,18(6):9-12.
47 黄勇,郭庆荣,任海等.城市土壤重金属污染研究综述[J].热带地理,2005,25(1):14-18.
48 Chen X T, Wang G, Liang Z C. Effect of amendments on growth and element uptake of Pakchoi in a cadmium, zinc and lead contaminated soil [J]. Pedosphere. 2002 , 12(3):243-250.
49 张金屯,Pouyato R.“城一郊一乡”生态样带森林土壤重金属变化格局[J].中国环境科学, 1997,17(5):410-413.
50 韩东昱,龚庆杰,岑况.北京市公园土壤铜、铅含量及化学形态分布特征[J].环境科学与技术, 2006(3):31-37.
51 李纯,岑况,王雪.北京市主要公园土壤中铅含量及污染评价[J].环境科学与技术,2006(10): 64-66.
52 王美青,章明奎.杭州市城郊土壤重金属含量和形态的研究[J].环境科学学报,2002(5):603 -608.
53 尚英男,尹观,倪师军等.成都市土壤-植物系统铅污染状况初步研究[J].广东微量元素科学, 2005(3):8-13.
54 王焕华.南京市不同功能城区表土重金属污染特点与微生物活性的研究[D].南京农业大学硕士研究生论文,2000.
55 南旭阳,张碧双.白兰花、雪松对重金属(Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn)累积性研究[J].陕西农业科学,2005 (3):7-11.
56 管东生,陈玉娟,阮国标.广州城市及近郊土壤重金属含量特征及人类活动的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2001,40(4):93-96.
57 李章平,陈玉成,杨学春等.重庆市主城区街道地表物中重金属的污染特征[J].水土保持学报, 2006,20(1):114-116.
58 李德明,朱祝军,刘永华等.镉对小白菜光合作用特性影响的研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学学报),2005,31(4):459-464.
59 Prasad D D K, Prasad A R K. 1987. Effect of lead and mercury on chlorophylls synthesis in mung bean seedlings [J]. Phytochemistry,26:881-883.
60 黄会一,张春兴,张有标等.木本植物对大气重金属污染—铅、镉、铜、锌吸收积累作用的研究[J].生态学报,1983,3(4):305-313.
61 杨其伟,郝泅城,孙建华等.镉对冬小麦叶片叶绿体超微结构的影响[J].生物学杂志,1993,4 (3):17-180.
62 陈磊,罗立新.镉离子对大豆幼苗生长发育的影响[J].河南科学,1999,17(6):26-29.
63 朱宇林,曹福亮,汪贵斌,张往祥,郝明灼.Cd、Pb胁迫对银杏光合特性的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2006,21(1):47-50.
64 洪仁远,杨广笑,刘东华等.Cd对小麦幼苗的生长和生理生化反应的影响[J].华北农学报,1991,6(3):70-75.
65 陈平,张伟锋,余士元等.Cd 对水稻幼苗生长及部分生理特性的影响[J].仲恺农业技术学院学报,2001,14(4):18-21,27.
66 秦天才,吴玉树,王焕校.镉、铅及其相互作用对小白菜生理生化特征的影响[J].生态学报,1994,14(1):46-49.
67 毛学文,张海林.重金属镉对南瓜种子发芽和出苗的影响[J].种子,2003,127(1):70-71.
68 刘明美,李建农,沈益新.Pb2+污染对多花黑麦草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].草业科学,2007,(01):52-54.
69 刘素纯.铅对黄瓜幼苗生长发育的影响研究[D].湖北农业大学,2006,12-21.
70 何念祖.铅对小麦生长和土壤酶活性的影响[J].浙江农业大学学报,1990,16(2):195-198.
71 任继凯,陈清朗,陈灵芝等.土壤中镉、铅、锌及其相互作用对作物的影响[J].植物生态学与地植物学丛刊,1982,6(4):320-329.
72 赵菲佚,翟禄新,陈荃等.Cd、Pb 复合处理下对植物膜的伤害初探[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2002,38(2):115-120.
73 徐秋曼,陈宏,程景胜等.镉对油菜叶细胞膜的损伤及细胞自身保护机制初探[J].农业环境保护,2001,20(4):235-237.
74 洪仁远,蒲长辉.镉对小麦幼苗的生长和生理生化反应的影响[J].华北农学报,1991,6(3):70-75.
75 檀建新,尹君,王文忠等.镉对小麦、玉米幼苗生长和生理生化反应的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,1994,17(增刊):83-87.
76 马成仓.Hg 对油菜叶细胞膜的损伤及细胞的自身保护作用[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(3):323 -326.
77 RICHARD J B,ROBERT H S.Cadmium is an inducer of oxidative stress in yeast[J].Mutation Research,1996,356:171-178.
78 周红卫,施国新,徐勤松.Cd 污染水质对水花生根系抗氧化酶活性和超微结构的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2003,39(3):211-214.
79 王宏镔,王焕校,文传浩等.镉处理下不同小麦品种几种解毒机制探讨[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(4):523-528.
80 檀建新,尹君,王文忠等.镉对小麦、玉米幼苗生长和生理生化反应的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,1994,17(增刊):83-87.
81 罗立新,孙铁珩,靳月华.镉胁迫下小麦叶中超氧阴离子自由基的积累[J].环境科学学报,1998,18(5):495-499.
82 黄晓华,周青,程宏英等.五种常绿树木对铅污染胁迫的反应[J].城市环境与城市生态,2000, 13(6):48-50.
83 何翠屏,王慧忠.重金属镉、铅对草坪植物根系代谢和叶绿素水平的影响[J].湖北农业科学, 2003(5):60-63.
84 王慧忠,张新全,何翠屏. Pb 对匍匐翦股颖根系超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(3):644-647.
85 TEISSEIRE H,GUY V.Copper-induced changes in antioxidant enzymes activities in fronds of duckweed (Lemna minor) [J].Plant Science,2000,153:65-72.
86 张国军,邱栋梁,刘星辉.Cu 对植物毒害研究进展[J].福建农林大学学报:自然科学版,2004, 33(3):289-294.
87 邱栋梁,黄水菊,李丽萍等.CuSO4 对枇杷生长的影响[J].福建农林大学学报:自然科学版,2006,35(1):111-112.
88 李荣春.Cd、Pb 及其复合污染对烟叶生理生化指标的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,1997,12(1): 45-50.
89 陆长梅,施国新,吴国荣等.Hg、Cd 对莼菜冬芽茎、叶叶绿素含量及活性氧清除系统的影响[J].湖泊科学,1999,11(4):322-327.
90 陈立松,刘星辉.果树重金属毒害及抗性机理[J].福建农业大学学报,2001,30(4):462-469.
91 杨丹慧.重金属离子对高等植物光合膜结构与功能的影响[J].植物学通报,1991,8(3):26-29.
92 LLAMAS A U,CORNELIA I,SANZ A,et a1.Cd2+ effects on transmembrane electrical potential difference,respiration and membrane permeability of rice(Oryza smiva L.)roots[J].Plant and Soil,2000,219:21-28.
93 张义贤.重金属对大麦的毒性[J].环境科学学报,1997,17(2):199-201.
94 赵海泉,洪法水. Hg 胁迫下小麦幼苗抗氧化酶活性的变化[J].环境科学学报,1998,17(1): 20-21.
95 Luna C M, Gonzalez C A, Troppi V S. Oxidative damage caused by an excess of copper in oat leaves [J]. Plant Cell Phsiol. 1994,35:11-15.
96 Macnair M R. Tolerance of higher plants to toxic materials. In: Bishop J.A, Cook L.M(eds). Genetic consequence of man made charge [J]. London and New York: Academic Press.1981:177-207.
97 周希琴,莫灿坤.植物重金属胁迫及其抗氧化系统[J].新疆教育学院学报,2003,19(2):104-106.
98 王洁.个旧矿区环境污染遥感调查及生态恢复研究[D].山东科技大学,2006:11,45-49.
99 胡中华,刘师汉.草坪与地被植物[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1999.6-15.
100 魏绪英,连芳青,蔡军火.园林地被植物在江西的应用与发展[J].江西农业大学学报,2002,24 (5):680-683.
101 汪天,李万莲,高文芳等.地被植物在园林中的选择与应用[J].安徽农业大学学报,1997, 24(4):391-394.
102 王小德.多年生花卉在植物造景中的应用[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2000,26(2): 225-228.
103 王小德,任海芳,张万荣.青山湖湿地景观保护与开发相关问题的探讨[J].浙江林学院学报,2002,19(4):408-411.
104 程亦军.多种类型的地被植物在园林工程中的应用[J].绿化与生活,2003,109(3):23-24.
105 孙震,高大伟,何文华,董丽.野生地被植物蛇莓和甘野菊的抗旱性研究[J].中国农学通报, 2006,22(05):322-325.
106 Grill E, Einnacker E L, Zenk M H. Phytochelatins, a class of heavy metal binding peptides from plants, are functionally analogous to metallothioneins [J]. Proc. Natl.Acad.Sct.U.S.A.1987,84:439-443.
107 周青,黄晓华等.镉对种子萌发的影响[J].农业环境保护,2000,19(3):156-158.
108 张治安,张美善,蔚荣海.植物生理学实验指导[M]. 北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2004,1: 43-45,65-67.
109 高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006,5:211-214,217-219.
110 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000,7:61-63.
111 颜启传,弗洛朗.芝麻不同品种间超干种子耐藏性的差异[J].中国油料作物学报,2001,23(2): 76-78.
112 鲁先文,余林,宋小龙,王三应.重金属铬对小麦叶绿素合成的影响[J].农业与技术,2007,4 (27):60-63.
113 Y.X.Chen,Y.F.He,Y.M.Luo,et Physiological Mechanism of plant roots exposed to Cadmium[J].Chemosphere,2003,50:28-31.
114 Cieslinski G,Neilsen GH, Hogue EJ (1996) Effect of soil cadmium application and pH on growth and cadmium accumulation in roots, leaves and fruit of strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.).Plant Soil 180:267-276.
115 Inouhe M, Ninomiya S, Tohoyama H, Joho M, Murayama T (1994) Different characteristics of roots in the cadmium-tolerance and Cd-binding complex formation between mono-and dicotyledonous plants. J Plant Res 107:201-207.
116 Ouzounidou G, Moustakas M, Eleftheriou EP (1997) Physiological and ultrastructural efects of cadmium on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 32:154-160.
117 杨树华,曲仲湘,王焕校.铅在水稻体内的迁移和积累以及铅对水稻生长的影响[J].生态学报,1986.6(4);312-322.
118 周青,黄小华等.La 对镉胁迫下大豆幼苗生理生态的影响[J].中国环境科学,1998,18(5):442 -445.
119 张治安,张美善,蔚荣海.植物生理学实验指导[M]. 北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2004,1: 43-45,65-67.
120 韩阳,李雪梅,朱延姝.环境污染与植物功能[M].化学工业出版社,2005.5
121 丁海东,万延慧,齐乃敏,朱为民,杨晓峰,劭耀椿.重金属(Cd2+、Zn2+)胁迫对番茄幼苗抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].上海农业学报,2004,20(4):79-82.
122 杨刚,伍钧,唐亚.铅胁迫下植物抗性机制的研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1507-1512.
123 Stobart AK,GrifithsWT,Ameen-Bukhari 1.etalThe effect of Cd2+ on the biosynthesis of chlorophyll in leaves of barley[J].Plant Physiol.1985,63:293-298.
124 杨顶田,蕉旦壹,文鹏等.Cr6+污染对莼菜冬芽茎尖细胞超微结构的影响[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),2000,23(3):9195.
125 杨居荣,鲍子平,张素芹.镉、铅在植物细胞内的分布及其可溶性结合形态[J].中国环境科学,1993,13(4):263-268.
126 韩阳,李雪梅,朱延姝.环境污染与植物功能[M].化学工业出版社,2005.5
127 丁海东,万延慧,齐乃敏,朱为民,杨晓峰,劭耀椿.重金属(Cd2+、Zn2+)胁迫对番茄幼苗抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].上海农业学报,2004,20(4):79-82.
128 杨刚,伍钧,唐亚.铅胁迫下植物抗性机制的研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1507-1512.
129 Cakmak and Horst WJ.1991.Effect of alumimum on lipid peroxidation,superpxide dismutase,catalase and peroxidase activities in root tips of soybean Physiol Plantarum,83:463-468.
130 严重玲,洪业汤,付舜珍.Cd、Pb 胁迫对烟草叶片中活性氧清除系统的影响[J].生态学报,1997, 17(5):488-492.
131 李元,王焕校,吴玉树.Cd,Fe 及其复合污染对烟草叶片几项生理指标的影响[J].生态学报, 1992,12(2):147-153.
132 Foy C D,White M C.The physiology ofmetal toxicology in plants[J].Ann Rev Plant Physiol.1978,29:511-566.
133 秦天才,吴玉树,王焕校.镉、铅及其相互作用对小白菜生理生化特征的影响[J].生态学报, 1998,14(1):46-49.
2 Nicholson F A,Jones K C.Efect of phosphate fertilizers and atmospheric deposition on long time changes in the cadmium content of soil an dcrop[J].Envkon.Sci.Tech.,1994,28:2170-2175.
3 Prasad M N V. Heavy Metal Stress in Plants [M].Biomolecules to Ecosystems.2004, 2:178-218.
4 褚贵新,任岗.重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术的研究进展[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2001,5(4):342-346.
5 韦朝阳,陈同斌,黄泽春等.大叶井口边草—一种新发现的富集砷的植物[J].生态学报, 2002,22(5):777-778.
6 陈怀满,陈能场,陈英旭等著.土壤-植物系统中的重金属污染[M].科学出版社,1996,1-7,71-
75,85-88,210-218,238-247.
7 许嘉琳,杨居荣.陆地生态系统中的重金属[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1995.40-55,333- 342.
8 Toppi L S di, Gabbrielli R. Response to cadmium in higher plants[J]. Environ. Expri. Bot.1999, 41(2):105-130.
9 Shah K, Dubey R S. Cadmium elevates level of protein, amino acids and alters activity of proteolytic enzymes in germinating rice seeds [J].Acta. Physiol. Plant.1998, 20:189-196.
10 Krupa Z. Cadmium-induced changes in the composition and structure of the light- harvesting complex in radish cotyledons [J].Physiol. Plant. 1988, 73:518-524.
11 Siedlecka A, Krupa Z. Interaction between cadium and iron and its effects on Photosyathletic capacity of primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris [J].Plant Physiol. Biochem. 1996,34(6):833-841.
12 Larsson E H, Bordman J F, Asp H. Influence of UV-B radiation and Cd2+ on chlorophyll fluorescence,growth and nutrient content in Brassica napus [J]. J. Expri. Bot. 1998, 49:1031-1039.
13 Stobartak, Griffithswt, Ameen Bukharii, et al. The effect of Cd on the biosynthesis of chlorophyll in leaves of barley [J]. Physiol Plant, 1985, 63: 293-298.
14 Barcel J, Poschenrieder C. Plant water relations as affected by heavy metal stress: a review [J].J.Plant.Nutr.1990,13:1-37.
15 Bogssama N, Ouariti O, Suzuki A, Ghorbal M H. Cd stress on nitrogen assimilation[J].J. Plant Physiol.1999,155:310-317.
16 Verma S, Dubey R S. Effect of cadmium on soluble sugars and their metabolism in riee [J].Biol.Plant.2001,44:117-123.
17 Lee S M, Leustek T. Distribution of cadmium and induced Cd binding proteins in roots, stems and leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris [J].Plant Sci.1999,141:201-207.
18 Chaoui A, Mazhoudi S, Ghorbal M etal. Cadmium and zinc induction of lipid peroxydation and effects on antioxidant enzyme activities in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) [J].Plant Sci.1997,127:139-147.
19 Gallego S M, Benavides M P, Tomaro M L. Effect of heavy metal ion excess on sunflower leaves: evidence for involvemet of oxidative stress [J].Plant Sci.1996, 121:125-159.
20 李丽君,郑普山.镉对玉米种子萌发和生长的影响[J].山西大学学报,2003,24(1):93-94.
21 何念祖,孟嚼福.植物营养原理[M].上海:上海科技出版杜,1997.354.
22 周启星,宋玉芳等.污染土壤修复原理与方法[M].科学出版社,2004.
23 吴思英,田俊,周天枢等.镉污染区居民疾病死亡谱分析[J].中国公共卫生,2003,19(1):29-
30.
24 吴思英,田俊,王绵珍等.镉污染对居民亚健康状态和慢性病发生的影响[J].中国公共卫生, 2004,20(9):1053-1054.
25 朱中平,沈彤,杨永坚等.环境铅污染对幼儿体格发育的影响[J].安徽预防医学杂志,2006,12 (1):10-14.
26 QuintanillaVB,HoorerD,BalW,etal.Lead effects on protamine-DNA binding[J].AmJ IndMed,2000,38:324-329.
27 Shabani A ,Rabbani A .Lead nitrate induced apoptosis in alveolar macrophages fram rat lung[J].Toxicology,2000,149:10-114.
28 邢增涛,曲明清,李明容等.培养料中重金属元素对金针菇产品质量安全的影响[J].上海农业学报,2007,23(2):24-27.
29 刘军,李先恩,王涛等.药用植物中铅的形态和分布研究[J].农业环境保护,2002,21(2):143- 145.
30 李嫦玲.镉、铅及其复合污染对菊科植物生长和品质安全性的影响[D].南京农业大学,2006, 37-38.
31 陈怀满,郑春荣,周东美等著.土壤中的化学物质的行为与环境质量[M].科学出版社,2002.11 -14,102-105,123-125.
32 Zhang G P,Fukami M,Sekimoto H. Influence of cadmium on mineral concentrations and components in wheat genotypes differing in Cd tolerance at seedling stage [J]. Field Crops Res. 2002,77:93-98.
33 Simon L. Cadmium accumulation and distribution in sunflower Plant[J]. PlantNutr.1998, 21(2):341-352.
34 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.370-380.
35 陶俊,陈刚才,赵琦等.重庆市大气TSP中重金属分布特征[J].重庆环境科学,2003,25(12):15 -16.
36 韩东昱,龚庆杰,岑况.北京市公园土壤Cu、Pb、Zn的含量特征[J].地学前缘,2005,12(2):132 -132.
37 符娟林,章明奎,厉仁安.基于GIS的杭州市居民区土壤重金属污染现状及空间分异研究[J].土壤通报,2005,36(4):575-578.
38 史贵涛,陈振楼,许世远等.上海市区公园土壤重金属含量及其污染评价[J].土壤通报, 2006, 37(3):490-494.
39 管东生,陈玉娟,阮国标.广州城市及近郊土壤重金属含量特征及人类活动的影响[ J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2001,40(4):93-96.
40 卢瑛,龚子同,张甘霖等.南京城市土壤重金属含量及其影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2004,15 (1):123-126.
41 李章平,陈玉成,杨学春等.重庆市主城区街道地表物中重金属的污染特征[J].水土保持学报, 2006,20(1):114-116.
42 张辉,马东升.城市生活垃圾向土壤释放重金属研究[J].环境化学,2001,20(I):43-47.
43 邹海明,李粉茹,官楠等.大气中TSP和降尘对土壤重金属累积的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006, 22(5):393-395.
44 Nriagu JO. Changingmetal cycles and human health[M]. Ber-lin: Springer-verlag, 1984: 113-141.
45 Orlova A D, Bannon D I, FarfelM R, et a1. Pilot study osources of lead exposure inMoscow,Russia[J]. EnvironmentaGeochemistry andHealth, 1995, 17(4): 200-210.
46 史贵涛,陈振楼,李海雯等.城市土壤重金属污染研究现状与趋势[J].环境监测管理与技术,2006,18(6):9-12.
47 黄勇,郭庆荣,任海等.城市土壤重金属污染研究综述[J].热带地理,2005,25(1):14-18.
48 Chen X T, Wang G, Liang Z C. Effect of amendments on growth and element uptake of Pakchoi in a cadmium, zinc and lead contaminated soil [J]. Pedosphere. 2002 , 12(3):243-250.
49 张金屯,Pouyato R.“城一郊一乡”生态样带森林土壤重金属变化格局[J].中国环境科学, 1997,17(5):410-413.
50 韩东昱,龚庆杰,岑况.北京市公园土壤铜、铅含量及化学形态分布特征[J].环境科学与技术, 2006(3):31-37.
51 李纯,岑况,王雪.北京市主要公园土壤中铅含量及污染评价[J].环境科学与技术,2006(10): 64-66.
52 王美青,章明奎.杭州市城郊土壤重金属含量和形态的研究[J].环境科学学报,2002(5):603 -608.
53 尚英男,尹观,倪师军等.成都市土壤-植物系统铅污染状况初步研究[J].广东微量元素科学, 2005(3):8-13.
54 王焕华.南京市不同功能城区表土重金属污染特点与微生物活性的研究[D].南京农业大学硕士研究生论文,2000.
55 南旭阳,张碧双.白兰花、雪松对重金属(Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn)累积性研究[J].陕西农业科学,2005 (3):7-11.
56 管东生,陈玉娟,阮国标.广州城市及近郊土壤重金属含量特征及人类活动的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2001,40(4):93-96.
57 李章平,陈玉成,杨学春等.重庆市主城区街道地表物中重金属的污染特征[J].水土保持学报, 2006,20(1):114-116.
58 李德明,朱祝军,刘永华等.镉对小白菜光合作用特性影响的研究[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学学报),2005,31(4):459-464.
59 Prasad D D K, Prasad A R K. 1987. Effect of lead and mercury on chlorophylls synthesis in mung bean seedlings [J]. Phytochemistry,26:881-883.
60 黄会一,张春兴,张有标等.木本植物对大气重金属污染—铅、镉、铜、锌吸收积累作用的研究[J].生态学报,1983,3(4):305-313.
61 杨其伟,郝泅城,孙建华等.镉对冬小麦叶片叶绿体超微结构的影响[J].生物学杂志,1993,4 (3):17-180.
62 陈磊,罗立新.镉离子对大豆幼苗生长发育的影响[J].河南科学,1999,17(6):26-29.
63 朱宇林,曹福亮,汪贵斌,张往祥,郝明灼.Cd、Pb胁迫对银杏光合特性的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2006,21(1):47-50.
64 洪仁远,杨广笑,刘东华等.Cd对小麦幼苗的生长和生理生化反应的影响[J].华北农学报,1991,6(3):70-75.
65 陈平,张伟锋,余士元等.Cd 对水稻幼苗生长及部分生理特性的影响[J].仲恺农业技术学院学报,2001,14(4):18-21,27.
66 秦天才,吴玉树,王焕校.镉、铅及其相互作用对小白菜生理生化特征的影响[J].生态学报,1994,14(1):46-49.
67 毛学文,张海林.重金属镉对南瓜种子发芽和出苗的影响[J].种子,2003,127(1):70-71.
68 刘明美,李建农,沈益新.Pb2+污染对多花黑麦草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].草业科学,2007,(01):52-54.
69 刘素纯.铅对黄瓜幼苗生长发育的影响研究[D].湖北农业大学,2006,12-21.
70 何念祖.铅对小麦生长和土壤酶活性的影响[J].浙江农业大学学报,1990,16(2):195-198.
71 任继凯,陈清朗,陈灵芝等.土壤中镉、铅、锌及其相互作用对作物的影响[J].植物生态学与地植物学丛刊,1982,6(4):320-329.
72 赵菲佚,翟禄新,陈荃等.Cd、Pb 复合处理下对植物膜的伤害初探[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2002,38(2):115-120.
73 徐秋曼,陈宏,程景胜等.镉对油菜叶细胞膜的损伤及细胞自身保护机制初探[J].农业环境保护,2001,20(4):235-237.
74 洪仁远,蒲长辉.镉对小麦幼苗的生长和生理生化反应的影响[J].华北农学报,1991,6(3):70-75.
75 檀建新,尹君,王文忠等.镉对小麦、玉米幼苗生长和生理生化反应的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,1994,17(增刊):83-87.
76 马成仓.Hg 对油菜叶细胞膜的损伤及细胞的自身保护作用[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(3):323 -326.
77 RICHARD J B,ROBERT H S.Cadmium is an inducer of oxidative stress in yeast[J].Mutation Research,1996,356:171-178.
78 周红卫,施国新,徐勤松.Cd 污染水质对水花生根系抗氧化酶活性和超微结构的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2003,39(3):211-214.
79 王宏镔,王焕校,文传浩等.镉处理下不同小麦品种几种解毒机制探讨[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(4):523-528.
80 檀建新,尹君,王文忠等.镉对小麦、玉米幼苗生长和生理生化反应的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,1994,17(增刊):83-87.
81 罗立新,孙铁珩,靳月华.镉胁迫下小麦叶中超氧阴离子自由基的积累[J].环境科学学报,1998,18(5):495-499.
82 黄晓华,周青,程宏英等.五种常绿树木对铅污染胁迫的反应[J].城市环境与城市生态,2000, 13(6):48-50.
83 何翠屏,王慧忠.重金属镉、铅对草坪植物根系代谢和叶绿素水平的影响[J].湖北农业科学, 2003(5):60-63.
84 王慧忠,张新全,何翠屏. Pb 对匍匐翦股颖根系超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(3):644-647.
85 TEISSEIRE H,GUY V.Copper-induced changes in antioxidant enzymes activities in fronds of duckweed (Lemna minor) [J].Plant Science,2000,153:65-72.
86 张国军,邱栋梁,刘星辉.Cu 对植物毒害研究进展[J].福建农林大学学报:自然科学版,2004, 33(3):289-294.
87 邱栋梁,黄水菊,李丽萍等.CuSO4 对枇杷生长的影响[J].福建农林大学学报:自然科学版,2006,35(1):111-112.
88 李荣春.Cd、Pb 及其复合污染对烟叶生理生化指标的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,1997,12(1): 45-50.
89 陆长梅,施国新,吴国荣等.Hg、Cd 对莼菜冬芽茎、叶叶绿素含量及活性氧清除系统的影响[J].湖泊科学,1999,11(4):322-327.
90 陈立松,刘星辉.果树重金属毒害及抗性机理[J].福建农业大学学报,2001,30(4):462-469.
91 杨丹慧.重金属离子对高等植物光合膜结构与功能的影响[J].植物学通报,1991,8(3):26-29.
92 LLAMAS A U,CORNELIA I,SANZ A,et a1.Cd2+ effects on transmembrane electrical potential difference,respiration and membrane permeability of rice(Oryza smiva L.)roots[J].Plant and Soil,2000,219:21-28.
93 张义贤.重金属对大麦的毒性[J].环境科学学报,1997,17(2):199-201.
94 赵海泉,洪法水. Hg 胁迫下小麦幼苗抗氧化酶活性的变化[J].环境科学学报,1998,17(1): 20-21.
95 Luna C M, Gonzalez C A, Troppi V S. Oxidative damage caused by an excess of copper in oat leaves [J]. Plant Cell Phsiol. 1994,35:11-15.
96 Macnair M R. Tolerance of higher plants to toxic materials. In: Bishop J.A, Cook L.M(eds). Genetic consequence of man made charge [J]. London and New York: Academic Press.1981:177-207.
97 周希琴,莫灿坤.植物重金属胁迫及其抗氧化系统[J].新疆教育学院学报,2003,19(2):104-106.
98 王洁.个旧矿区环境污染遥感调查及生态恢复研究[D].山东科技大学,2006:11,45-49.
99 胡中华,刘师汉.草坪与地被植物[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1999.6-15.
100 魏绪英,连芳青,蔡军火.园林地被植物在江西的应用与发展[J].江西农业大学学报,2002,24 (5):680-683.
101 汪天,李万莲,高文芳等.地被植物在园林中的选择与应用[J].安徽农业大学学报,1997, 24(4):391-394.
102 王小德.多年生花卉在植物造景中的应用[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2000,26(2): 225-228.
103 王小德,任海芳,张万荣.青山湖湿地景观保护与开发相关问题的探讨[J].浙江林学院学报,2002,19(4):408-411.
104 程亦军.多种类型的地被植物在园林工程中的应用[J].绿化与生活,2003,109(3):23-24.
105 孙震,高大伟,何文华,董丽.野生地被植物蛇莓和甘野菊的抗旱性研究[J].中国农学通报, 2006,22(05):322-325.
106 Grill E, Einnacker E L, Zenk M H. Phytochelatins, a class of heavy metal binding peptides from plants, are functionally analogous to metallothioneins [J]. Proc. Natl.Acad.Sct.U.S.A.1987,84:439-443.
107 周青,黄晓华等.镉对种子萌发的影响[J].农业环境保护,2000,19(3):156-158.
108 张治安,张美善,蔚荣海.植物生理学实验指导[M]. 北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2004,1: 43-45,65-67.
109 高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006,5:211-214,217-219.
110 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000,7:61-63.
111 颜启传,弗洛朗.芝麻不同品种间超干种子耐藏性的差异[J].中国油料作物学报,2001,23(2): 76-78.
112 鲁先文,余林,宋小龙,王三应.重金属铬对小麦叶绿素合成的影响[J].农业与技术,2007,4 (27):60-63.
113 Y.X.Chen,Y.F.He,Y.M.Luo,et Physiological Mechanism of plant roots exposed to Cadmium[J].Chemosphere,2003,50:28-31.
114 Cieslinski G,Neilsen GH, Hogue EJ (1996) Effect of soil cadmium application and pH on growth and cadmium accumulation in roots, leaves and fruit of strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.).Plant Soil 180:267-276.
115 Inouhe M, Ninomiya S, Tohoyama H, Joho M, Murayama T (1994) Different characteristics of roots in the cadmium-tolerance and Cd-binding complex formation between mono-and dicotyledonous plants. J Plant Res 107:201-207.
116 Ouzounidou G, Moustakas M, Eleftheriou EP (1997) Physiological and ultrastructural efects of cadmium on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 32:154-160.
117 杨树华,曲仲湘,王焕校.铅在水稻体内的迁移和积累以及铅对水稻生长的影响[J].生态学报,1986.6(4);312-322.
118 周青,黄小华等.La 对镉胁迫下大豆幼苗生理生态的影响[J].中国环境科学,1998,18(5):442 -445.
119 张治安,张美善,蔚荣海.植物生理学实验指导[M]. 北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2004,1: 43-45,65-67.
120 韩阳,李雪梅,朱延姝.环境污染与植物功能[M].化学工业出版社,2005.5
121 丁海东,万延慧,齐乃敏,朱为民,杨晓峰,劭耀椿.重金属(Cd2+、Zn2+)胁迫对番茄幼苗抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].上海农业学报,2004,20(4):79-82.
122 杨刚,伍钧,唐亚.铅胁迫下植物抗性机制的研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1507-1512.
123 Stobart AK,GrifithsWT,Ameen-Bukhari 1.etalThe effect of Cd2+ on the biosynthesis of chlorophyll in leaves of barley[J].Plant Physiol.1985,63:293-298.
124 杨顶田,蕉旦壹,文鹏等.Cr6+污染对莼菜冬芽茎尖细胞超微结构的影响[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),2000,23(3):9195.
125 杨居荣,鲍子平,张素芹.镉、铅在植物细胞内的分布及其可溶性结合形态[J].中国环境科学,1993,13(4):263-268.
126 韩阳,李雪梅,朱延姝.环境污染与植物功能[M].化学工业出版社,2005.5
127 丁海东,万延慧,齐乃敏,朱为民,杨晓峰,劭耀椿.重金属(Cd2+、Zn2+)胁迫对番茄幼苗抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].上海农业学报,2004,20(4):79-82.
128 杨刚,伍钧,唐亚.铅胁迫下植物抗性机制的研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1507-1512.
129 Cakmak and Horst WJ.1991.Effect of alumimum on lipid peroxidation,superpxide dismutase,catalase and peroxidase activities in root tips of soybean Physiol Plantarum,83:463-468.
130 严重玲,洪业汤,付舜珍.Cd、Pb 胁迫对烟草叶片中活性氧清除系统的影响[J].生态学报,1997, 17(5):488-492.
131 李元,王焕校,吴玉树.Cd,Fe 及其复合污染对烟草叶片几项生理指标的影响[J].生态学报, 1992,12(2):147-153.
132 Foy C D,White M C.The physiology ofmetal toxicology in plants[J].Ann Rev Plant Physiol.1978,29:511-566.
133 秦天才,吴玉树,王焕校.镉、铅及其相互作用对小白菜生理生化特征的影响[J].生态学报, 1998,14(1):46-49.