基于坏腔的量子信息处理
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摘要
量子信息科学是量子力学和计算科学、信息科学结合而形成的一门新兴交叉学科,它可以完成经典信息科学很难完成甚至无法完成的任务,其潜在的巨大应用前景引发了过去几十年来人们对量子信息的理论和实验研究。到目前为止,人们可以在不同的物理体系中实现量子信息处理,如线性光学、核磁共振、离子阱、量子点、纳米机械振子、电路量子电动力学和腔量子电动力学等。腔量子电动力学系统是被研究得较早,且和量子光学技术紧密相关的一个物理系统,从而被广泛认为是最有前途的系统之一。一方面,由于制备高品质光学腔对现有实验技术是一个较大的挑战；另一方面,高品质光学腔反而会降低腔量子电动力学系统的集成度,因此本论文致力于基于坏腔的量子信息处理理论研究。
第一章的绪论中我们介绍腔量子电动力学中有关量子信息处理的相关背景知识,然后给出本文的研究动机以及主要内容和章节安排。
第二章我们简要地介绍腔量子电动力学的相关知识。我们首先讨论Jaynes-Cummings模型及其动力学以及腔的输入—输出理论,然后简述腔量子电动力学物理实现系统,最后讨论腔量子电动力学中的一些基本概念和相关物理参数。
第三章我们讨论基于坏腔的量子逻辑门。首先,我们介绍基于坏腔的光子输入—输出过程以及光子法拉第旋转效应,然后分别给出量子宇称门、光子—原子控制非门以及光子—原子受控相位门。最后,我们讨论基于坏腔量子逻辑门的实验可行性和误差分析。
第四章我们讨论基于坏腔的量子纠缠态浓缩和纯化方案。对于量子纠缠态浓缩,我们采用两种不同的方法：一种是基于纠缠交换的方法,另一种是基于量子逻辑门和单比特测量的最优纠缠态浓缩方案。基于坏腔的光子输入—输出过程,我们可以同时实现光子和原子纠缠态浓缩。另外,我们也讨论基于弱相干光的原子纠缠态纯化,最后给出量子纠缠态浓缩和纯化的实验可行性和误差分析。
第五章我们讨论基于坏腔的量子隐形传态方案。.首先,我们给出隐形传送多比特量子态的一般方案,表明该方案比以前的方案要节约量子纠缠、量子比特和经典信息资源。然后基于坏腔的光子输入—输出过程,我们提出原子和光子态的量子隐形传送方案,最后我们给出量子隐形传态方案的实验可行性和误差分析。
第六章是对本文工作的总结和展望。
Quantum information science is an interdisciplinary which combines quantum mechanics, computer science and information science. It can be used to complete tasks which can not be realized with classical information science, and its potential applications lead to both theoretical and experimental studies in recent decades. Nowadays, quantum information processing may be implemented in many different physical systems such as linear quantum optics, nuclear magnetic resonance, ion trap, quantum dot, nanomechanical resonator, circuit quantum electrodynamics and cavity quantum electrodynamics. Cavity quantum electrodynamics system is widely regarded as one of the most promising platforms, as it has been investi-gated for decades and is closely related to experimental technology in quantum optics. Due to the fact that preparation of high-quality optical cavity is difficult with present experimental technology, and integration of cavity quantum electro-dynamics with high-quality optical cavity is a great challenge, in this thesis, we mainly investigate quantum information processing based on bad cavities theoret-ically.
In chapter1, we introduce the relevant knowledge about quantum information processing within cavity quantum electrodynamics, then present the motivation and arrangement of our thesis.
In chapter2, we briefly introduce relevant background of cavity quantum electrodynamics. We first discuss Jaynes-Cummings model and input-output the-ory of cavity, then introduce physical implementation systems for cavity quantum electrodynamics, and give some basic concepts and relevant parameters lastly.
In chapter3, we discuss quantum logic gates based on bad cavities. Firstly, we recall photonic input-output process and photonic Faraday rotation, and then pro-pose quantum parity gate, atom-photon controlled-not gate and controlled phase gate, respectively. We also discuss their experimental feasibility and error analysis.
In chapter4, we discuss quantum entanglement concentration and purification based on bad cavities. For quantum entanglement concentration, we present two different schemes:one is entanglement swapping, the other is optimal entangle-ment concentration based on quantum logic gate and single-qubit measurements. Bennifitting from photonic input-output process based on bad cavities, we can con-centrate both atomic and photonic entanglement. Furthermore, we also propose atomic entanglement purification with weak coherent light. Finally, we discuss their experimental feasibility and error analysis.
In chapter5, we discuss quantum teleportation based on bad cavities. Firstly, we present teleportation protocol for multiqubit quantum state, and show that it consumes less quantum entanglement, qubits and classical information than previ-ous ones. Based on photonic input-output process in the bad cavity, we propose to teleport both atomic and photonic states, and discuss their experimental feasibility and error analysis.
In chapter6, the summary and outlook are given.
第一章的绪论中我们介绍腔量子电动力学中有关量子信息处理的相关背景知识,然后给出本文的研究动机以及主要内容和章节安排。
第二章我们简要地介绍腔量子电动力学的相关知识。我们首先讨论Jaynes-Cummings模型及其动力学以及腔的输入—输出理论,然后简述腔量子电动力学物理实现系统,最后讨论腔量子电动力学中的一些基本概念和相关物理参数。
第三章我们讨论基于坏腔的量子逻辑门。首先,我们介绍基于坏腔的光子输入—输出过程以及光子法拉第旋转效应,然后分别给出量子宇称门、光子—原子控制非门以及光子—原子受控相位门。最后,我们讨论基于坏腔量子逻辑门的实验可行性和误差分析。
第四章我们讨论基于坏腔的量子纠缠态浓缩和纯化方案。对于量子纠缠态浓缩,我们采用两种不同的方法：一种是基于纠缠交换的方法,另一种是基于量子逻辑门和单比特测量的最优纠缠态浓缩方案。基于坏腔的光子输入—输出过程,我们可以同时实现光子和原子纠缠态浓缩。另外,我们也讨论基于弱相干光的原子纠缠态纯化,最后给出量子纠缠态浓缩和纯化的实验可行性和误差分析。
第五章我们讨论基于坏腔的量子隐形传态方案。.首先,我们给出隐形传送多比特量子态的一般方案,表明该方案比以前的方案要节约量子纠缠、量子比特和经典信息资源。然后基于坏腔的光子输入—输出过程,我们提出原子和光子态的量子隐形传送方案,最后我们给出量子隐形传态方案的实验可行性和误差分析。
第六章是对本文工作的总结和展望。
Quantum information science is an interdisciplinary which combines quantum mechanics, computer science and information science. It can be used to complete tasks which can not be realized with classical information science, and its potential applications lead to both theoretical and experimental studies in recent decades. Nowadays, quantum information processing may be implemented in many different physical systems such as linear quantum optics, nuclear magnetic resonance, ion trap, quantum dot, nanomechanical resonator, circuit quantum electrodynamics and cavity quantum electrodynamics. Cavity quantum electrodynamics system is widely regarded as one of the most promising platforms, as it has been investi-gated for decades and is closely related to experimental technology in quantum optics. Due to the fact that preparation of high-quality optical cavity is difficult with present experimental technology, and integration of cavity quantum electro-dynamics with high-quality optical cavity is a great challenge, in this thesis, we mainly investigate quantum information processing based on bad cavities theoret-ically.
In chapter1, we introduce the relevant knowledge about quantum information processing within cavity quantum electrodynamics, then present the motivation and arrangement of our thesis.
In chapter2, we briefly introduce relevant background of cavity quantum electrodynamics. We first discuss Jaynes-Cummings model and input-output the-ory of cavity, then introduce physical implementation systems for cavity quantum electrodynamics, and give some basic concepts and relevant parameters lastly.
In chapter3, we discuss quantum logic gates based on bad cavities. Firstly, we recall photonic input-output process and photonic Faraday rotation, and then pro-pose quantum parity gate, atom-photon controlled-not gate and controlled phase gate, respectively. We also discuss their experimental feasibility and error analysis.
In chapter4, we discuss quantum entanglement concentration and purification based on bad cavities. For quantum entanglement concentration, we present two different schemes:one is entanglement swapping, the other is optimal entangle-ment concentration based on quantum logic gate and single-qubit measurements. Bennifitting from photonic input-output process based on bad cavities, we can con-centrate both atomic and photonic entanglement. Furthermore, we also propose atomic entanglement purification with weak coherent light. Finally, we discuss their experimental feasibility and error analysis.
In chapter5, we discuss quantum teleportation based on bad cavities. Firstly, we present teleportation protocol for multiqubit quantum state, and show that it consumes less quantum entanglement, qubits and classical information than previ-ous ones. Based on photonic input-output process in the bad cavity, we propose to teleport both atomic and photonic states, and discuss their experimental feasibility and error analysis.
In chapter6, the summary and outlook are given.
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