双基因型玉米间作品种组合及行比模式研究
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摘要
双基因型玉米合理间作具有增产、稳产作用,但不同间作模式的生理生态效应差异较大。为了明确双基因型玉米间作的品种组合和行比结构的适宜模式,以黄淮海6个主推品种为材料,采用不同品种组合和行比结构模式,2008-2009连续两年在河南农业大学科教园区进行了大田间作试验,主要结果如下:
(1)不同株型品种组合及不同行比结构间作群体的生理生态效应不同。在郑单958分别与鲁单981、登海602的组合中,鲁单981和登海602植株明显高于郑单958,吐丝后对郑单958具有庇荫作用,在行比1︰1和4︰2间作中表现的尤为突出,造成郑单958后期SPADR和叶面积指数下降较快,光合效率下降,籽粒减产,尽管鲁单981和登海602居于优势地位,但间作系统的土地当量比均小于1,表现为生产劣势;2︰2行比间作可改善郑单958的受光状况,籽粒产量明显提高,间作群体的土地当量比均大于1,表现为生产优势。在浚单20‖滑丰9行比1︰1和浚单20‖登海602行比4︰2间作组合中,浚单20处于竞争劣势,滑丰9和登海602处于优势地位,但间作系统的土地当量比也均小于1,表现为生产劣势;而2︰2行比间作可改善浚单20生长状况,籽粒产量明显提高,间作群体的土地当量比均大于1,表现为生产优势。在郑农7278‖登海602的1︰1和4︰2间作组合中,郑农7278处于劣势地位,但优于上述同样行比组合中的郑单958和浚单20; 2︰2行比间作有利于郑农7278的生长发育,籽粒产量显著提高,尽管登海602籽粒产量较单作有所减少,但间作群体的土地当量比均大于1,表现为生产优势。上述结果提示,株型差异较大的玉米品种间作以采用2︰2行比宽窄行种植为宜。
(2)不同抗性基因型玉米间作有利于控制玉米叶片病害。本试验中的6个玉米品种对南方锈病的抗性存在明显差异,与单作相比较,所有间作群体的南方锈病病情指数均明显下降。
(3)双基因型玉米间作对玉米植株农艺性状有一定影响。在本试验间作模式中,植株茎粗均无明显变化,但对株高和穗位高有一定影响,并且不同品种在不同间作模式中的变异较大,而适应性较强的品种变异较小。另外,在本试验间作组合中,对雌雄间隔期也无明显地影响。
Grain yield of maize would be increased and stable via double-genotypes intercropping, but the eco-physiological effect difference was observed in different intercropped model. In order to research the optimal model of variety combination and row ratio for maize intercropping with double-genotypes, in 2008 and 2009, field experiment was conducted on the farm of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China, using six maize hybrids, Zhengdan 958(ZD958, compact plant type, susceptible to maize leaf south rust), Ludan 981(LD981, semi-compact plant type, highly resistant to maize leaf south rust), Xundan 20(XD20, compact plant type, medium susceptible to maize leaf south rust), Huafeng 9(HF9, semi-compact plant type, medium susceptible to maize leaf south rust), Denghai 602(DH602, compact plant type, medium resistant to maize leaf south rust) and Zhengnong 7278(ZN7278, semi-compact plant type, medium resistant to maize leaf south rust). The results are as follows:
1) The eco-physiological effects were different in different plant type and row ratio intercropping system. In the intercropping system of ZD958‖LD981 (row ratio 1︰1 and 4︰2) and ZD958‖DH602 (row ratio 4︰2), the plant analyzer development readings (SPADR) of three-leaf near ear and leaf area index (LAI) of ZD958 decreased owing to shaded by LD981 and DH602 after silking, which result in grain yield decreased, and the land equivalent ratios (LER) less than 1 in the intercropping populations while the grain yield of LD981 and DH602 increased slightly. Grain yield of ZD958 increased owing to light condition improved in intercropping system of ZD958‖DH602 with row ratio 2︰2, and the LER >1 in the intercropping system. In the intercropping system of XD20‖HF9 (row ratio 1︰1) and XD20‖DH602 (row ratio 4︰2), HF9 and DH602 showed advantage competition while XD20 disadvantage competition, but the LER <1 in the intercropping systems. Meanwhile, grain yield of XD20 increased owing to growth condition improved in intercropping system of XD20‖DH602 with row ratio 2︰2, and the LER also more than 1. In the intercropping system of ZN7278‖DH602 with row ratio 1︰1and 4︰2, ZN7278 showed disadvantage competition, but which was better than ZD958 and XD20 in above intercropping systems. A significant advantage competition for ZN7278 was observed in ZN7278‖DH602 with row ratio 2︰2, and its grain yield increased significantly while grain yield decreased in DH602, and the LER also more than 1. The results from this study suggested that row ratio 2︰2 would be suitable to maize intercropping with different plant types.
2) The leaf disease could be controlled via maize intercropping with different resistance hybrids. In this study, the resistance to maize leaf south rust was remarkable difference among the six hybrids. Compare to sole-cropping populations, the disease-index of maize leaf south rust all decreased significantly in intercropping populations.
3) The agronomic characters would be changed in maize intercropping with double-genotypes. The result from this study showed that compare to sole-cropping populations, the plant height and ear height changed in intercropping populations, and the changes were different among six hybrids,but no significant change was observed in stem diameter and interval from anthesis to silking.
(1)不同株型品种组合及不同行比结构间作群体的生理生态效应不同。在郑单958分别与鲁单981、登海602的组合中,鲁单981和登海602植株明显高于郑单958,吐丝后对郑单958具有庇荫作用,在行比1︰1和4︰2间作中表现的尤为突出,造成郑单958后期SPADR和叶面积指数下降较快,光合效率下降,籽粒减产,尽管鲁单981和登海602居于优势地位,但间作系统的土地当量比均小于1,表现为生产劣势;2︰2行比间作可改善郑单958的受光状况,籽粒产量明显提高,间作群体的土地当量比均大于1,表现为生产优势。在浚单20‖滑丰9行比1︰1和浚单20‖登海602行比4︰2间作组合中,浚单20处于竞争劣势,滑丰9和登海602处于优势地位,但间作系统的土地当量比也均小于1,表现为生产劣势;而2︰2行比间作可改善浚单20生长状况,籽粒产量明显提高,间作群体的土地当量比均大于1,表现为生产优势。在郑农7278‖登海602的1︰1和4︰2间作组合中,郑农7278处于劣势地位,但优于上述同样行比组合中的郑单958和浚单20; 2︰2行比间作有利于郑农7278的生长发育,籽粒产量显著提高,尽管登海602籽粒产量较单作有所减少,但间作群体的土地当量比均大于1,表现为生产优势。上述结果提示,株型差异较大的玉米品种间作以采用2︰2行比宽窄行种植为宜。
(2)不同抗性基因型玉米间作有利于控制玉米叶片病害。本试验中的6个玉米品种对南方锈病的抗性存在明显差异,与单作相比较,所有间作群体的南方锈病病情指数均明显下降。
(3)双基因型玉米间作对玉米植株农艺性状有一定影响。在本试验间作模式中,植株茎粗均无明显变化,但对株高和穗位高有一定影响,并且不同品种在不同间作模式中的变异较大,而适应性较强的品种变异较小。另外,在本试验间作组合中,对雌雄间隔期也无明显地影响。
Grain yield of maize would be increased and stable via double-genotypes intercropping, but the eco-physiological effect difference was observed in different intercropped model. In order to research the optimal model of variety combination and row ratio for maize intercropping with double-genotypes, in 2008 and 2009, field experiment was conducted on the farm of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China, using six maize hybrids, Zhengdan 958(ZD958, compact plant type, susceptible to maize leaf south rust), Ludan 981(LD981, semi-compact plant type, highly resistant to maize leaf south rust), Xundan 20(XD20, compact plant type, medium susceptible to maize leaf south rust), Huafeng 9(HF9, semi-compact plant type, medium susceptible to maize leaf south rust), Denghai 602(DH602, compact plant type, medium resistant to maize leaf south rust) and Zhengnong 7278(ZN7278, semi-compact plant type, medium resistant to maize leaf south rust). The results are as follows:
1) The eco-physiological effects were different in different plant type and row ratio intercropping system. In the intercropping system of ZD958‖LD981 (row ratio 1︰1 and 4︰2) and ZD958‖DH602 (row ratio 4︰2), the plant analyzer development readings (SPADR) of three-leaf near ear and leaf area index (LAI) of ZD958 decreased owing to shaded by LD981 and DH602 after silking, which result in grain yield decreased, and the land equivalent ratios (LER) less than 1 in the intercropping populations while the grain yield of LD981 and DH602 increased slightly. Grain yield of ZD958 increased owing to light condition improved in intercropping system of ZD958‖DH602 with row ratio 2︰2, and the LER >1 in the intercropping system. In the intercropping system of XD20‖HF9 (row ratio 1︰1) and XD20‖DH602 (row ratio 4︰2), HF9 and DH602 showed advantage competition while XD20 disadvantage competition, but the LER <1 in the intercropping systems. Meanwhile, grain yield of XD20 increased owing to growth condition improved in intercropping system of XD20‖DH602 with row ratio 2︰2, and the LER also more than 1. In the intercropping system of ZN7278‖DH602 with row ratio 1︰1and 4︰2, ZN7278 showed disadvantage competition, but which was better than ZD958 and XD20 in above intercropping systems. A significant advantage competition for ZN7278 was observed in ZN7278‖DH602 with row ratio 2︰2, and its grain yield increased significantly while grain yield decreased in DH602, and the LER also more than 1. The results from this study suggested that row ratio 2︰2 would be suitable to maize intercropping with different plant types.
2) The leaf disease could be controlled via maize intercropping with different resistance hybrids. In this study, the resistance to maize leaf south rust was remarkable difference among the six hybrids. Compare to sole-cropping populations, the disease-index of maize leaf south rust all decreased significantly in intercropping populations.
3) The agronomic characters would be changed in maize intercropping with double-genotypes. The result from this study showed that compare to sole-cropping populations, the plant height and ear height changed in intercropping populations, and the changes were different among six hybrids,but no significant change was observed in stem diameter and interval from anthesis to silking.
引文
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