祁连山西段钨矿成矿地质条件与找矿方向研究
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摘要
祁连山西段上世纪70年代曾发现有塔儿沟大型钨矿床和野马河、尕子黑小型钨钼矿床，近几年又发现了小柳沟大型钨钼矿床和大黑山、小鄂博头、龙门等钨矿点，显示出该区具有成钨矿良好地质条件，系统分析研究祁连山西段钨矿成矿地质条件和成矿规律，对进一步在该地区开展钨矿床找矿和扩大钨矿远景具有重要现实意义。
本论文是在对祁连山西段系统资料深入分析和研究的基础上，采用野外调研、同位素测年等手段，通过对塔儿沟钨矿床和小柳沟钨钼矿床两个典型矿床重点剖析和研究，以现代地质成矿理论为指导，探讨了祁连山西段钨矿成矿地质条件和控矿因素，总结出钨矿成矿规律和找矿标志，提出了钨矿找矿科学地质预测方法，据此指明了区内钨矿找矿方向和成矿靶区，为下一步在该区开展钨矿勘查工作提供了科学地质依据。
本论文运用区域构造-花岗岩演化动力学研究方法，以大陆动力学理论为指导，在系统研究祁连山西段钨成矿地质条件、成矿规律中发现前寒武纪地层在钨矿成矿中的重要地位，首次提出“古离散地体”控制成矿的新观点。
笔者从区域成矿背景入手，以地层、构造和岩浆侵入体三者与钨矿关系为切入点，提出该区成矿地质条件主要受“古离散地体”边缘带、中酸性花岗岩侵入体、构造、变形变质作用、多期花岗岩浆复合叠加等5大因素制约。区内钨矿床(点)主要分布在“古离散地体”边缘地带。
根据中酸性花岗岩体的岩石化学特征和空间分布，并对不同类型花岗岩带与钨矿成因关系进行了系统讨论，将祁连山西段与钨矿有关的中酸性花岗岩体划分成北祁连北缘花岗岩带、北祁连山花岗岩带、中祁连山花岗岩带、南祁连山花岗岩带等4个岩带。提出加里东中晚期酸性花岗岩体与钨矿成因具有密切关系。
研究发现，祁连山西段钨矿床分布受区域NW和NEE向两组深大断裂构造限制，钨矿体的赋存状态受NW、NE和NNW向两组或两组以上次级断裂系统控制，控制矿体赋存状态的次级开放性断裂系统的成因比较复杂，既有区域构造成因，
Last century 70s, Ta'ergou and Ye'mahe tungsten deposits had been found. In recent years the continuously discovered and explored a large tungsten ore deposit in Xiaoliugou and a series of tungsten mineralization points in Da'heishan, Ga'zihei, Xiao'erbotou and Longmen in the western Qilian Mts. demonstrated this area has good geological conditions to form tungsten ore deposits. The timely study on geological conditions of ore forming and research on rule of concentration and mineralization of tungsten in the western Qilian Mts. is especially important guiding to find tungsten in this area. Based on systemic collection and reorganization dates of geological minerals, geophysical prospecting, geo-chemical prospecting, remote sensing, field observation, sample collecting and analysis, absorbing recently important studies on fluid in this area, this paper discussed the geological conditions of ore forming and research on rule of concentration and mineralization of tungsten in the western Qilian Mts., setting up models to find tungsten ore deposits and pointing out prospecting directions in this area. The main results in this thesis are following: 1) Tungsten ore deposits strictly lie in the marginal zone of the "ancient separate terrain". Large-scale tungsten ore deposits are mainly hosted in metamorphic neutral-basic volcanic rock ~ clastic rock stratum of Proteroza ear; 2) Tungsten ore deposits related to intermediate-acid granitic bodies. Based on petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of tungsten-bearing granitic rocks, temporal and spatial distribution of intermediate-acid granitic bodies. This granitic rock belts in the area have been recognized: Northern Qilian marginal rock belt; Northern Qilian rock belt; Central Qilian rock belt; Southern Qilian rock belt. This paper proposed that acid granite bodies were closely related with the formation of tungsten deposits; 3)The distribution of tungsten ore deposits had been limited by NW and NEE two groups of deep-big faulted structure. The hosted state of tungsten ore bodies should been controlled by NW, NE and NNW two or more than two groups of secondary breaks systems. The ore bodies are often faulted by late SN faults; 4) Tungsten minerogenitic has the nature of series in this area, from the mineralization of greisenization W(Mo) or resemble porphyry Cu、Mo in granite ore bodies to skarnic W (Cu) mineralization in exocontact to quartz vein W(Ag) mineralization in exocontact to hydrothermal vein Ag(Pb. Zn) mineralization far from contact zone. These constituted a complete zonal succession of mineralization. 5) In the western Qlian Mts., the main clues for prospecting are: pre-Cambrian ancient stratum, intermediate-acid granite, the anomalous area of W-Mo-Cu elemental combination in geo-chemical exploration and abnormal area of havy concentrate where scheelite, euxenite and cassiterite exceptionally appear; 6) The main wall-rock alteration that closely adjacent to tungsten ore deposits and tungsten mineralization points are: skarnization,
本论文是在对祁连山西段系统资料深入分析和研究的基础上，采用野外调研、同位素测年等手段，通过对塔儿沟钨矿床和小柳沟钨钼矿床两个典型矿床重点剖析和研究，以现代地质成矿理论为指导，探讨了祁连山西段钨矿成矿地质条件和控矿因素，总结出钨矿成矿规律和找矿标志，提出了钨矿找矿科学地质预测方法，据此指明了区内钨矿找矿方向和成矿靶区，为下一步在该区开展钨矿勘查工作提供了科学地质依据。
本论文运用区域构造-花岗岩演化动力学研究方法，以大陆动力学理论为指导，在系统研究祁连山西段钨成矿地质条件、成矿规律中发现前寒武纪地层在钨矿成矿中的重要地位，首次提出“古离散地体”控制成矿的新观点。
笔者从区域成矿背景入手，以地层、构造和岩浆侵入体三者与钨矿关系为切入点，提出该区成矿地质条件主要受“古离散地体”边缘带、中酸性花岗岩侵入体、构造、变形变质作用、多期花岗岩浆复合叠加等5大因素制约。区内钨矿床(点)主要分布在“古离散地体”边缘地带。
根据中酸性花岗岩体的岩石化学特征和空间分布，并对不同类型花岗岩带与钨矿成因关系进行了系统讨论，将祁连山西段与钨矿有关的中酸性花岗岩体划分成北祁连北缘花岗岩带、北祁连山花岗岩带、中祁连山花岗岩带、南祁连山花岗岩带等4个岩带。提出加里东中晚期酸性花岗岩体与钨矿成因具有密切关系。
研究发现，祁连山西段钨矿床分布受区域NW和NEE向两组深大断裂构造限制，钨矿体的赋存状态受NW、NE和NNW向两组或两组以上次级断裂系统控制，控制矿体赋存状态的次级开放性断裂系统的成因比较复杂，既有区域构造成因，
Last century 70s, Ta'ergou and Ye'mahe tungsten deposits had been found. In recent years the continuously discovered and explored a large tungsten ore deposit in Xiaoliugou and a series of tungsten mineralization points in Da'heishan, Ga'zihei, Xiao'erbotou and Longmen in the western Qilian Mts. demonstrated this area has good geological conditions to form tungsten ore deposits. The timely study on geological conditions of ore forming and research on rule of concentration and mineralization of tungsten in the western Qilian Mts. is especially important guiding to find tungsten in this area. Based on systemic collection and reorganization dates of geological minerals, geophysical prospecting, geo-chemical prospecting, remote sensing, field observation, sample collecting and analysis, absorbing recently important studies on fluid in this area, this paper discussed the geological conditions of ore forming and research on rule of concentration and mineralization of tungsten in the western Qilian Mts., setting up models to find tungsten ore deposits and pointing out prospecting directions in this area. The main results in this thesis are following: 1) Tungsten ore deposits strictly lie in the marginal zone of the "ancient separate terrain". Large-scale tungsten ore deposits are mainly hosted in metamorphic neutral-basic volcanic rock ~ clastic rock stratum of Proteroza ear; 2) Tungsten ore deposits related to intermediate-acid granitic bodies. Based on petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of tungsten-bearing granitic rocks, temporal and spatial distribution of intermediate-acid granitic bodies. This granitic rock belts in the area have been recognized: Northern Qilian marginal rock belt; Northern Qilian rock belt; Central Qilian rock belt; Southern Qilian rock belt. This paper proposed that acid granite bodies were closely related with the formation of tungsten deposits; 3)The distribution of tungsten ore deposits had been limited by NW and NEE two groups of deep-big faulted structure. The hosted state of tungsten ore bodies should been controlled by NW, NE and NNW two or more than two groups of secondary breaks systems. The ore bodies are often faulted by late SN faults; 4) Tungsten minerogenitic has the nature of series in this area, from the mineralization of greisenization W(Mo) or resemble porphyry Cu、Mo in granite ore bodies to skarnic W (Cu) mineralization in exocontact to quartz vein W(Ag) mineralization in exocontact to hydrothermal vein Ag(Pb. Zn) mineralization far from contact zone. These constituted a complete zonal succession of mineralization. 5) In the western Qlian Mts., the main clues for prospecting are: pre-Cambrian ancient stratum, intermediate-acid granite, the anomalous area of W-Mo-Cu elemental combination in geo-chemical exploration and abnormal area of havy concentrate where scheelite, euxenite and cassiterite exceptionally appear; 6) The main wall-rock alteration that closely adjacent to tungsten ore deposits and tungsten mineralization points are: skarnization,
引文
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