锰矿尾渣污染土壤的植物修复以及土壤改良研究
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摘要
土壤酶活性是衡量土壤生物学活性和土壤生产力的重要指标。对湘潭锰矿尾渣库地区商陆(Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.)和芦苇(Phragmites australis)根际和非根际土壤酶的活性特征进行了研究,结果表明,商陆根际土壤各种酶的活性显著大于非根际土壤。商陆根际环境对土壤酶活性的影响表现为:蔗糖酶>脲酶>脱氢酶>酸性磷酸酶>过氧化氢酶,根际效应值(R/S)分别为:1.687、1.598、1.586、1.485和1.328。除过氧化氢酶活性外,商陆根际和非根际土壤各种酶活性与重金属复合污染程度显著负相关,表现出重金属复合污染对土壤酶活性的抑制效应。芦苇可显著地提高根际土壤酶的活性,芦苇根际环境对不同土壤酶活性的影响顺序为:蔗糖酶>脱氢酶>过氧化氢酶>酸性磷酸酶>脲酶,根际效应值分别为1.759、1.485、1.425、1.406、1.394。商陆和芦苇均可有效地改善土壤环境,提高土壤各种酶的活性,是锰污染土壤植物修复的理想植物。
锰尾渣重金属含量高,理化性质差,在配制的受锰尾渣轻度污染的土壤上施用3种改良剂:熟石灰、钙镁磷肥、熟石灰+钙镁磷肥(1:1)混合改良剂,并种植小白菜,通过研究不同改良剂处理下,作物幼苗期SOD活性、MDA积累量,收获后植物生物量、植物体重金属含量、土壤pH、土壤重金属形态等理化性质的差异,得到以下研究结果:
(1)锰尾渣污染的土壤中,高浓度的重金属会抑制作物的生长,降低生物产量,甚至导致作物死亡。在污染土壤中加入改良剂后,三种改良剂可以有效地缓解重金属对小白菜的毒害。
(2)土壤受到锰尾渣污染会对作物生理生化活动产生影响,在小白菜幼苗期间表现为作物体内MDA积累量增加和SOD酶活性增加,三种改良剂处理后作物体内MDA积累量会降低,SOD活性也有所恢复,说明改良剂处理会缓解锰尾渣中重金属污染对小白菜生长产生的危害。
(3)植物吸收土壤中重金属的量不仅与重金属总量有关,更重要的是取决于土壤中重金属有效态含量的多少,向污染土壤中添加熟石灰、钙镁磷肥、熟石灰+钙镁磷肥(1:1)混合改良剂后,土壤中有效态Mn、Cd、Pb含量下降显著,其中,土壤有效Mn含量的下降极显著。
The study on the soil enzyme activities in Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of Xiangtan manganese mine showed that all tested enzyme activities were higher in rhizosphere than in non-rhizosphere soil. The effects of rhizosphere environment on the soil enzyme activities were in the sequence of invertase > urease >dehydrogenase> acid phosphatase >catalase, and the R/S value was1.687, 1.598, 1.586, 1.485, 1.328, respectively. The tested enzyme activities were negatively correlated with soil heavy metals pollution except catalase activity, suggesting the inhibitory effects of heavy metals joint pollution on soil enzyme activities. Soil enzyme activities of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of Phragmites australis in Xiangtan manganese mine had also been studied. The effects of rhizosphere environment on the soil enzyme activities were in the sequence of invertase > dehydrogenase > catalase >acid phosphatase>urease, and the R/S value was 1.759, 1.485, 1.425, 1.406, 1.394, respectively. Both Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. and Phragmites australis could effectively improve soil environment, and thus, enhance the activities of soil enzymes. Both of the two kinds of plants were good candidates of Phytoremediation for manganese polluted soil.
Manganese mine tailings were rich in heavy metal and had poor physical properties. The differences in the activity of SOD and accumulation of MAD in plant max seedling, production of plants, metal content, soil pH, morphology of soil metals etc. were studied through pot culture experiment which used low-grade polluted soil by manganese mine tailings, followed by adding different level of lime, calcium magnesium phosphate, mixture of lime and calcium magnesium phosphate respectively. The results showed that:
(1) Heavy metal did great harm to plant and decreased the production of cabbage, however, adding lime, calcium magnesium phosphate, mixture of lime and calcium magnesium phosphate could increase the production significantly. The three additives could relief the toxicity to cabbage significantly.
(2) The MDA content and the activity of SOD in the cabbage were increased under heavy metal stress. Adding lime, calcium magnesium phosphate, mixture of lime and calcium magnesium phosphate could decrease the MDA content and the activity of SOD in the body of plants.
(3) The content of Mn, Cd, Pb adsorbed by plants was related positively to the content of available Mn, Cd, Pb in soils, and the latter was influenced by the soil pH. The available Mn, Cd, Pb decreased significantly after adding lime, calcium magnesium phosphate, mixture of lime and calcium magnesium phosphate to the soil, especially the available Mn.
锰尾渣重金属含量高,理化性质差,在配制的受锰尾渣轻度污染的土壤上施用3种改良剂:熟石灰、钙镁磷肥、熟石灰+钙镁磷肥(1:1)混合改良剂,并种植小白菜,通过研究不同改良剂处理下,作物幼苗期SOD活性、MDA积累量,收获后植物生物量、植物体重金属含量、土壤pH、土壤重金属形态等理化性质的差异,得到以下研究结果:
(1)锰尾渣污染的土壤中,高浓度的重金属会抑制作物的生长,降低生物产量,甚至导致作物死亡。在污染土壤中加入改良剂后,三种改良剂可以有效地缓解重金属对小白菜的毒害。
(2)土壤受到锰尾渣污染会对作物生理生化活动产生影响,在小白菜幼苗期间表现为作物体内MDA积累量增加和SOD酶活性增加,三种改良剂处理后作物体内MDA积累量会降低,SOD活性也有所恢复,说明改良剂处理会缓解锰尾渣中重金属污染对小白菜生长产生的危害。
(3)植物吸收土壤中重金属的量不仅与重金属总量有关,更重要的是取决于土壤中重金属有效态含量的多少,向污染土壤中添加熟石灰、钙镁磷肥、熟石灰+钙镁磷肥(1:1)混合改良剂后,土壤中有效态Mn、Cd、Pb含量下降显著,其中,土壤有效Mn含量的下降极显著。
The study on the soil enzyme activities in Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of Xiangtan manganese mine showed that all tested enzyme activities were higher in rhizosphere than in non-rhizosphere soil. The effects of rhizosphere environment on the soil enzyme activities were in the sequence of invertase > urease >dehydrogenase> acid phosphatase >catalase, and the R/S value was1.687, 1.598, 1.586, 1.485, 1.328, respectively. The tested enzyme activities were negatively correlated with soil heavy metals pollution except catalase activity, suggesting the inhibitory effects of heavy metals joint pollution on soil enzyme activities. Soil enzyme activities of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of Phragmites australis in Xiangtan manganese mine had also been studied. The effects of rhizosphere environment on the soil enzyme activities were in the sequence of invertase > dehydrogenase > catalase >acid phosphatase>urease, and the R/S value was 1.759, 1.485, 1.425, 1.406, 1.394, respectively. Both Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. and Phragmites australis could effectively improve soil environment, and thus, enhance the activities of soil enzymes. Both of the two kinds of plants were good candidates of Phytoremediation for manganese polluted soil.
Manganese mine tailings were rich in heavy metal and had poor physical properties. The differences in the activity of SOD and accumulation of MAD in plant max seedling, production of plants, metal content, soil pH, morphology of soil metals etc. were studied through pot culture experiment which used low-grade polluted soil by manganese mine tailings, followed by adding different level of lime, calcium magnesium phosphate, mixture of lime and calcium magnesium phosphate respectively. The results showed that:
(1) Heavy metal did great harm to plant and decreased the production of cabbage, however, adding lime, calcium magnesium phosphate, mixture of lime and calcium magnesium phosphate could increase the production significantly. The three additives could relief the toxicity to cabbage significantly.
(2) The MDA content and the activity of SOD in the cabbage were increased under heavy metal stress. Adding lime, calcium magnesium phosphate, mixture of lime and calcium magnesium phosphate could decrease the MDA content and the activity of SOD in the body of plants.
(3) The content of Mn, Cd, Pb adsorbed by plants was related positively to the content of available Mn, Cd, Pb in soils, and the latter was influenced by the soil pH. The available Mn, Cd, Pb decreased significantly after adding lime, calcium magnesium phosphate, mixture of lime and calcium magnesium phosphate to the soil, especially the available Mn.
引文
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