钛合金紧固件连接结构接触腐蚀行为及其控制技术研究
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摘要
由于航空结构中各种材料常常接触使用，因而使得电偶腐蚀和缝隙腐蚀成为航空结构的重要失效形式。本文采用标准缝隙腐蚀试验、标准电偶腐蚀试验、电化学极化试验、中性盐雾试验以及周期浸润腐蚀试验，研究了航空用钛合金紧固件及其连接结构在模拟海洋环境下的接触腐蚀行为，通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射等分析方法，分析了腐蚀机理，同时提出了相应的接触腐蚀控制方案。
研究结果表明：碳纤维环氧复合材料在其紧固件螺接处共固化玻璃布可以有效地控制碳纤维环氧复合材料与钛合金紧固件之间的接触腐蚀；碳纤维环氧复合材料连接最佳组合为脉冲阳极化TC16螺栓配脉冲阳极化TC16螺母(MoS_2润滑)，其次为蓝色阳极化TC16螺栓配合脉冲阳极化TC16螺母(MoS_2润滑)。
无论单独对比件，还是连接脉冲阳极化和蓝色阳极化钛合金螺栓，不锈钢螺母Cr17Ni2的耐蚀性均优于1Cr11Ni2W2MoV；阳极化LY12铝合金螺母的耐蚀性优于不锈钢螺母。
对于阳极化铝合金LY12夹层材料，带包铝层阳极化试样耐蚀性优于去包铝层阳极化试样，紧固件连接最佳方案为：钛合金TC16螺栓镀铝钝化，配合阳极化LY12螺母。
结构钢30CrMnSiA镀镉耐蚀性优于结构钢镀锌；钛合金紧固件与结构钢接触腐蚀的最佳控制方案为：结构钢镀镉，钛合金紧固件镀铝。
在钛合金紧固件连接LY12铝合金夹层和30CrMnSiA结构钢夹层的接触腐蚀实验中，电偶腐蚀因素占主导作用。
对于结构钢，盐雾试验和周期浸润试验结果有较好的一致性，周期浸润试验加速程度大于中性盐雾试验，前者适用于半工业海洋气候，后者适用于海洋大气环境。
All sorts of materials are co-used in aerial structure and contact with each other, so Crevice Corrosion and Galvanic Corrosion are important failure forms of aerial structure. Contact Corrosion behaviors between aerial Titanium Alloy Fasteners and its jointed structure are studied, but also the corresponding control projects are presented by Standard Crevice Corrosion Test, Standard Galvanic Corrosion Test, Electrochemical Polarization Test, Neutral Salt Spray Test and Alternate Immersion Test, and by analysis methods such as Scan Electron Microscope and X-ray Diffraction.
The results show that Graphite Epoxy Composite Material (abbreviated to GECM) which under fasteners solidified with glass cloth, Contact Corrosion between Ti Alloy Fasteners and GECM is effectively controlled, the best assemblage of GECM is Impulse Anodized TC16 bolts jointing with Impulse Anodized TC16 nuts lubricated by MoS2.
Stainless Steel nuts lCrl7Ni2 have both better corrosion resistances than 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV whether they are single one or jointed with Impulse Anodized TC16 bolt or Blue Anodized TC16 bolts, when jointed with anodized TC16 bolts, anodized LY12 nuts have better corrosion resistance than any kind of Stainless Steel nuts.
Anodized LY12 sandwich materials with Aluminum clad have better corrosion resistance than that without Aluminum clad, the best assemblage of the sandwich materials is Aluminum-coating TC16 bolts jointed with anodized LY12 nuts.
Structural steel 30CrMnSiA plating Cd have better corrosion resistance than that plating Zn, the best assemblage of the sandwich materials is Aluminum-coating TC16 bolts jointed with plating Cd 30CrMnSiA nuts.
The galvanic corrosion factor is dominant in the contact corrosion between titanium alloy fasteners and Anodized LY12 or 30CrMnSiA.
For Structural steel, Neutral Salt Spray Test has better consistency with Alternate Immersion Test, and Alternate Immersion Test has a heaver acceleration effect than Neutral Salt Spray, the former is applied to semi-industrial marine climate, the latter is applied to marine atmospheric environment.
研究结果表明：碳纤维环氧复合材料在其紧固件螺接处共固化玻璃布可以有效地控制碳纤维环氧复合材料与钛合金紧固件之间的接触腐蚀；碳纤维环氧复合材料连接最佳组合为脉冲阳极化TC16螺栓配脉冲阳极化TC16螺母(MoS_2润滑)，其次为蓝色阳极化TC16螺栓配合脉冲阳极化TC16螺母(MoS_2润滑)。
无论单独对比件，还是连接脉冲阳极化和蓝色阳极化钛合金螺栓，不锈钢螺母Cr17Ni2的耐蚀性均优于1Cr11Ni2W2MoV；阳极化LY12铝合金螺母的耐蚀性优于不锈钢螺母。
对于阳极化铝合金LY12夹层材料，带包铝层阳极化试样耐蚀性优于去包铝层阳极化试样，紧固件连接最佳方案为：钛合金TC16螺栓镀铝钝化，配合阳极化LY12螺母。
结构钢30CrMnSiA镀镉耐蚀性优于结构钢镀锌；钛合金紧固件与结构钢接触腐蚀的最佳控制方案为：结构钢镀镉，钛合金紧固件镀铝。
在钛合金紧固件连接LY12铝合金夹层和30CrMnSiA结构钢夹层的接触腐蚀实验中，电偶腐蚀因素占主导作用。
对于结构钢，盐雾试验和周期浸润试验结果有较好的一致性，周期浸润试验加速程度大于中性盐雾试验，前者适用于半工业海洋气候，后者适用于海洋大气环境。
All sorts of materials are co-used in aerial structure and contact with each other, so Crevice Corrosion and Galvanic Corrosion are important failure forms of aerial structure. Contact Corrosion behaviors between aerial Titanium Alloy Fasteners and its jointed structure are studied, but also the corresponding control projects are presented by Standard Crevice Corrosion Test, Standard Galvanic Corrosion Test, Electrochemical Polarization Test, Neutral Salt Spray Test and Alternate Immersion Test, and by analysis methods such as Scan Electron Microscope and X-ray Diffraction.
The results show that Graphite Epoxy Composite Material (abbreviated to GECM) which under fasteners solidified with glass cloth, Contact Corrosion between Ti Alloy Fasteners and GECM is effectively controlled, the best assemblage of GECM is Impulse Anodized TC16 bolts jointing with Impulse Anodized TC16 nuts lubricated by MoS2.
Stainless Steel nuts lCrl7Ni2 have both better corrosion resistances than 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV whether they are single one or jointed with Impulse Anodized TC16 bolt or Blue Anodized TC16 bolts, when jointed with anodized TC16 bolts, anodized LY12 nuts have better corrosion resistance than any kind of Stainless Steel nuts.
Anodized LY12 sandwich materials with Aluminum clad have better corrosion resistance than that without Aluminum clad, the best assemblage of the sandwich materials is Aluminum-coating TC16 bolts jointed with anodized LY12 nuts.
Structural steel 30CrMnSiA plating Cd have better corrosion resistance than that plating Zn, the best assemblage of the sandwich materials is Aluminum-coating TC16 bolts jointed with plating Cd 30CrMnSiA nuts.
The galvanic corrosion factor is dominant in the contact corrosion between titanium alloy fasteners and Anodized LY12 or 30CrMnSiA.
For Structural steel, Neutral Salt Spray Test has better consistency with Alternate Immersion Test, and Alternate Immersion Test has a heaver acceleration effect than Neutral Salt Spray, the former is applied to semi-industrial marine climate, the latter is applied to marine atmospheric environment.
引文
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