多波地震勘探中观测系统设计与数据处理关键技术研究
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摘要
运用地震勘探原理、数理统计等理论知识对目前多波地震勘探采集设计与数据处理中存在的部分关键问题进行了剖析,指出其根本原因以及机理,并提出了相应的解决办法。同时对采集与处理一体化工作提出定量化工作方向。根据转换点分布具有两个周期和呈现出平行四边形的特点提出了转换波以及联合勘探观测系统设计方法。分析指出采集足痕产生的根本原因及机理是：由于不同炮检距上AVO系数不相等,然而在叠加过程中却实施等权叠加,从而产生了采集足痕。同时,由此提出了相应的压制方法,并将采集足痕发展成为观测系统设计和数据处理相关环节的定量评价指标。依据数理统计原理提出切实可行的观测系统属性校验方法,同时将确保观测系统属性校验达到可靠程度的最小样本容量转化为有效覆盖次数的定量评价指标。分析转换波速度分析和NMO动校过程中花费大量计算时间的主要原因,并分别提出了可行的快速算法。
Investigating some key questions about the acquisition planning and data processing in the multi-wave seismic prospecting based on the exploration seismology and mathematical statistics and other theories, fundamental reasons and mechanisms about these key problems are proposed and there corresponding solutions are introduced. Meanwhile, the quantifying work direction to consider the data acquisition and processing with integrative ways is indicated too. Based on converted-points distributing with two periods and representing a parallelogram, the strategy for planning converted-wave acquisition geometries and joint exploration is introduced. The fundamental causes and mechanisms proposed for the acquisition footprint are stacking seismic data with equal weights which are not equal due to uneven AVO coefficients with uneven offset distributions. The attenuation measure for acquisition footprint is introduced based on its causing mechanisms. Meanwhile, the acquisition footprint can be quantitatively assessed planning acquisition geometry and some data processing procedures. Otherwise, feasible ways for checking and correcting the acquisition geometry before loading datasets are proposed by mathematical statistics. The minimal sampling capacity to make sure the above checking ways are reliable and credible can be a new quantifying and assessing the efficient fold of the acquisition geometry. The paper analyzed the primary reasons for exhausting a great of computing time by converted-wave velocity analysis and NMO correction and proposed fast resolutions.
Investigating some key questions about the acquisition planning and data processing in the multi-wave seismic prospecting based on the exploration seismology and mathematical statistics and other theories, fundamental reasons and mechanisms about these key problems are proposed and there corresponding solutions are introduced. Meanwhile, the quantifying work direction to consider the data acquisition and processing with integrative ways is indicated too. Based on converted-points distributing with two periods and representing a parallelogram, the strategy for planning converted-wave acquisition geometries and joint exploration is introduced. The fundamental causes and mechanisms proposed for the acquisition footprint are stacking seismic data with equal weights which are not equal due to uneven AVO coefficients with uneven offset distributions. The attenuation measure for acquisition footprint is introduced based on its causing mechanisms. Meanwhile, the acquisition footprint can be quantitatively assessed planning acquisition geometry and some data processing procedures. Otherwise, feasible ways for checking and correcting the acquisition geometry before loading datasets are proposed by mathematical statistics. The minimal sampling capacity to make sure the above checking ways are reliable and credible can be a new quantifying and assessing the efficient fold of the acquisition geometry. The paper analyzed the primary reasons for exhausting a great of computing time by converted-wave velocity analysis and NMO correction and proposed fast resolutions.
引文
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