不动管柱两层压裂及排液一体化技术研究
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摘要
单层压裂排液一体化工艺技术能实现单层不动管柱压裂及排液求产，但还不能实现一次管柱分层压裂并直接排液求产。而目前大庆油田勘探对象大多为低渗透油层，它的特点是单层厚度较小、层数较多，需分层压裂，而与之配套的分层压裂工艺技术需上提管柱，进行压裂，压裂后需起出压裂管柱，再下入排液求产管柱，存在排液不及时、压裂液在地层中滞留时间长污染地层，放喷计量不准，劳动强度大，工作环境恶劣，达不到HSE施工标准要求等问题。针对上述问题，提出了“不动管柱两层压裂及排液一体化技术研究”课题，通过模拟井的试验和现场试验，证明该工艺的可行性和可靠性。在进行现场施工过程中，也验证了该工艺的可行性，所开发的工具及管柱结构不仅能够满足不动管柱压裂两层的施工，而且也很好的解决了选层压裂的问题，并且有效的解决了压裂施工过程中的砂卡问题。
The integral technology of single layer fracturing and unloading liquid can fulfill singlelayer fracturing without pulling string and acquire out flowing production, but this cannotachieve separate layer fracturing with primary string and acquire out flowing productiondirectly. At present, the most objectives of DaQing oilfield exploration is low permeable oillayer, its features contain miner thickness of single layer, more layers, and demands separatelayer fracturing, but the technology of separate layer fracturing integrating these conditionsdemands rising string, running fracturing, pulling out fracturing string, and running the stringof out flowing production after fracturing. So, there are some problems, unloading liquid isnot on time, the retention time is long when fracturing fluid exists layer, pollute layer, themetering of blow out is inaccuracy, operation intension is great, working environment isodious, and can not catch up the requirement of HSE operational criterion. In view ofabove-mentioned problems, given the theme "the study on integral technology of double layerfracturing without pulling string and unloading liquid", and prove this technologicalfeasibility and reliability through the tests of simulator well and field. During the process offield construction, also verifies this technological feasibility. The development tools and stringconfiguration not only can meet the construction of double layer fracturing without pullingstring, but also solve the problem of selective layer fracturing well, and also solve sanding invalidly during fracturing.
The integral technology of single layer fracturing and unloading liquid can fulfill singlelayer fracturing without pulling string and acquire out flowing production, but this cannotachieve separate layer fracturing with primary string and acquire out flowing productiondirectly. At present, the most objectives of DaQing oilfield exploration is low permeable oillayer, its features contain miner thickness of single layer, more layers, and demands separatelayer fracturing, but the technology of separate layer fracturing integrating these conditionsdemands rising string, running fracturing, pulling out fracturing string, and running the stringof out flowing production after fracturing. So, there are some problems, unloading liquid isnot on time, the retention time is long when fracturing fluid exists layer, pollute layer, themetering of blow out is inaccuracy, operation intension is great, working environment isodious, and can not catch up the requirement of HSE operational criterion. In view ofabove-mentioned problems, given the theme "the study on integral technology of double layerfracturing without pulling string and unloading liquid", and prove this technologicalfeasibility and reliability through the tests of simulator well and field. During the process offield construction, also verifies this technological feasibility. The development tools and stringconfiguration not only can meet the construction of double layer fracturing without pullingstring, but also solve the problem of selective layer fracturing well, and also solve sanding invalidly during fracturing.
引文
[1] 王鸿勋，张琪．采油工艺原理[C]．北京：石油工业出版社，1989，52-89
[2] 孙彦达，王永卓．大庆外围低渗透油田产能预测影响因素[J]．石油勘探与开发，2001，28(6)： 73-76
[3] 王嵩平，时佃海，李相远，等．低渗透砂岩油藏开发主要矛盾机理及合理井距分析[J]． 石油勘探与开发，2003，30(1)：87-89
[4] 杨丙秀，蒋廷学，丁云宏，等．低孔低渗储集层探井低伤害压裂技术研究与应用[J]．石油勘探与开发，2005，32(2)：119-122
[5] 张坚平，牛瑞云．深层稠油难动用储量压裂增产技术研究与试验[J]．石油勘探与开发，2004，31(6)：112-114
[6] B.W. McDaniel, Halliburton. Review of Current Fracture Stimulation Techniques for Best Economics in Multilayer, Lower-Permeability Reservoirs[R]. SPE 98025, 2005
[7] K.Orski, R.Combellas, B.Bagherzadeh. TotalFinaElf Massive Propped Fractures to Develop Marginal Sandstone Gas Reservoirs[R]. SPE 68914, 2001
[8] J. Gilbert and C.Greenstreet, Santos Ltd. Application of Pinpoint Fracturing in the Cooper Basin, Australia[R]. SPE 97004, 2005
[9] Wang Detain, Pan Shijin, Xie Chaoyang, Wang Gang. Introduction to Methods to Fracture More Than 30 Zones in a Well-Per-Day and Used on About 1,000 Wells-Per-Year[R]. SPE 84397, 2003
[10] R.G. Burnstad, A.N. Martin, D.J. Stemberger, B. Purwanto, JOB Pertamina-Talisman Tanjung Ltd. A Case Study of a Mature Field Redevelopment Using Propped Hydraulic Fracturing. SPE 88604, 2004
[11] 孙平，许泽君，蒋廷学，等．水力压裂选井选层的快速评价方法[J]．石油勘探与开发，2003，30(6)：119-122
[12] 乐金，刘雯林，胡素云，等．综合配套的勘探工程技术研究研究[J]．石油勘探与开发，2001，28(3)：37-40
[13] 叶正荣，吴奇，王连刚，等．采油工艺措施效果经济评价方法[J]．石油勘探与开发，2004，31(1)：108—109
[14] 岳立，岳登台．老油田高含水期开采储量及增产措施经济评价方法[J]．石油学报，2000，21(5)：39-44
[15] 詹麒，段庆荣．油井增产措施经济评价[J]．地球科学，2000，25(6)：629-632
[16] 刘斌，郭福军．油井措施最低增油量计算方法探讨[J]．石油勘探与开发，2003，30 (2)：107-108
[17] 刘斌．油井措施经济效益计算方法研究[J]．国际石油经济，2001，24(11)：35-38
[18] Elbel, J.L., Piggott, A.R., Mack, M.G, Dowell Schlumberger. Numerical Modeling of Multilayer Fracture Treatments[R]. SPE 23982, 1992
[19] Warpinski, N.R., Sandia Natl. Laboratories. Interpretation of Hydraulic Fracture Mapping Experiments[R]. SPE 27985, 1994
[20] H.Gu, J.Desroches, J.L. Elbel, Schlumberger. Computer Simulation of Multilayer Hydraulic Fractures[R]. SPE 64789, 2000
[21] 刘斌．确定油田经济产量的最低运行费用法[J]．石油勘探与开发，2001，28(1)：92-94
[22] 肖国华．不动管柱分层酸化压裂工艺管柱研究[J]．石油机械，2004，32(2)：49-55
[23] 虞建业．江苏油田分层压裂工艺技术应用与研究[J]．试采技术，1995，16(2)：38-42
[24] 岳慧，佘梅卿，鲁献春等．高压分层酸化管柱的研制和应用[J]．石油机械，2001，29(2)：44-46
[25] 陈明忠．分层压裂技术在多层开采中的应用[J]．钻采工艺，2001，24(4)：81-82
[26] 李文魁．深井高能气体压裂技术试验研究[J]．石油钻采工艺，1995(2)：55-60
[27] Josef Shaoul, Edgar Folmar, Klaas van Gijtenbeek, Halliburton. Hydraulic Fracturing Improves Recovery in a Layered Reservoir Under Waterflood in Kazakhstan[R]. SPE 75146, 2002
[28] Lehman, Lyle V., Kelley, Charles C., Kelley, Jr., C.W., C.W. Kelley, Jr., Inc.. Economic Ranking of Applications Which Directly Benefit Fracturing Optimization in a Moderate Permeability/Multi-Layered Environment[R]. SPE 35258, 1996
[29] Al Tamimi, Y.K.. Rigless Acid Fracturing Through Dual Completions: An Offshore Experience the Upper Zakum Field[R]. SPE 21313, 1991
[30] Britt, L.K., Larsen, M.J., Amoco Production Co.. Fracture Characterization of Multilayered Reservoirs[R]. SPE 15511, 1986
[31] Wang Demin, Liu He, Wang Yan, Wang Gang. How to Fracture More Than 30 Zones in a Well in One Day and Use in a Large Scale[R]. SPE 84912, 2003
[32] Wang Feng, Zhang Yingan, Li Biansheng, Jilin Oilfield Corp. Multiple-Stage Fracture Treatment of Horizontal Wells[R]. SPE 104434, 2006
[33] Sunil N.Gulrajani, Clinton C. Olmstead. Coiled Tubing Conveyed Fracture Treatments: Evolution, Methodology and Field Application[R]. SPE 57432, 1999
[34] Li Land I.Bayfield, BJ Services Co, G. Paton, Talisman Energy (U.K.) Ltd.. Effective Heavy Post-Fracturing Proppant Cleanout With Coiled Tubing: Experimental Study and Field Casing History[R]. SPE 101235, 2006
[35] Chambers, M.R., Mobil E&P Tech. Center. Well Completion Design and Operations for a Deep Horizontal Well with Multiple Fractures[R]. SPE 30417, 1995
[36] Rowley, J.C., Pettitt, R.A., Hendron, R.H., Los Alamos Natl. Laboratory., Well Production Testing, Inc.. Fracturing Operations in a Dry Geothermal Reservoir[R]. SPE 12100, 1983
[37] Darren Thatcher, Stephen Glanville, Sanjel Corporation. Re-Completion Techniques on Shallow Gas Wells Using Coiled Tubing Conveyed Fracturing. SPE 81708, 2003
[38] V.E Rodrigues, ED. Fernandes, M.A. Rosolen, M.L. de Almeida Franco, L.F. Neumann, C.B.C. Lima, Petroleo Brasileiro S/A, J.B. Surjaatmadja, C.G. Miranda, F. Carneiro, Halliburton. First Applications of a Multiple Fracturing Method in Noncemented Horizontal Offshore Wells[R]. SPE 94583, 2005
[39] 巢华庆．大庆油田稳油控水实例选编[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1993
[40] 袁庆峰．油田开发规划方案编制方法[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，2005
[41] 金毓荪，隋新光．陆相油藏开发论[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，2006
[2] 孙彦达，王永卓．大庆外围低渗透油田产能预测影响因素[J]．石油勘探与开发，2001，28(6)： 73-76
[3] 王嵩平，时佃海，李相远，等．低渗透砂岩油藏开发主要矛盾机理及合理井距分析[J]． 石油勘探与开发，2003，30(1)：87-89
[4] 杨丙秀，蒋廷学，丁云宏，等．低孔低渗储集层探井低伤害压裂技术研究与应用[J]．石油勘探与开发，2005，32(2)：119-122
[5] 张坚平，牛瑞云．深层稠油难动用储量压裂增产技术研究与试验[J]．石油勘探与开发，2004，31(6)：112-114
[6] B.W. McDaniel, Halliburton. Review of Current Fracture Stimulation Techniques for Best Economics in Multilayer, Lower-Permeability Reservoirs[R]. SPE 98025, 2005
[7] K.Orski, R.Combellas, B.Bagherzadeh. TotalFinaElf Massive Propped Fractures to Develop Marginal Sandstone Gas Reservoirs[R]. SPE 68914, 2001
[8] J. Gilbert and C.Greenstreet, Santos Ltd. Application of Pinpoint Fracturing in the Cooper Basin, Australia[R]. SPE 97004, 2005
[9] Wang Detain, Pan Shijin, Xie Chaoyang, Wang Gang. Introduction to Methods to Fracture More Than 30 Zones in a Well-Per-Day and Used on About 1,000 Wells-Per-Year[R]. SPE 84397, 2003
[10] R.G. Burnstad, A.N. Martin, D.J. Stemberger, B. Purwanto, JOB Pertamina-Talisman Tanjung Ltd. A Case Study of a Mature Field Redevelopment Using Propped Hydraulic Fracturing. SPE 88604, 2004
[11] 孙平，许泽君，蒋廷学，等．水力压裂选井选层的快速评价方法[J]．石油勘探与开发，2003，30(6)：119-122
[12] 乐金，刘雯林，胡素云，等．综合配套的勘探工程技术研究研究[J]．石油勘探与开发，2001，28(3)：37-40
[13] 叶正荣，吴奇，王连刚，等．采油工艺措施效果经济评价方法[J]．石油勘探与开发，2004，31(1)：108—109
[14] 岳立，岳登台．老油田高含水期开采储量及增产措施经济评价方法[J]．石油学报，2000，21(5)：39-44
[15] 詹麒，段庆荣．油井增产措施经济评价[J]．地球科学，2000，25(6)：629-632
[16] 刘斌，郭福军．油井措施最低增油量计算方法探讨[J]．石油勘探与开发，2003，30 (2)：107-108
[17] 刘斌．油井措施经济效益计算方法研究[J]．国际石油经济，2001，24(11)：35-38
[18] Elbel, J.L., Piggott, A.R., Mack, M.G, Dowell Schlumberger. Numerical Modeling of Multilayer Fracture Treatments[R]. SPE 23982, 1992
[19] Warpinski, N.R., Sandia Natl. Laboratories. Interpretation of Hydraulic Fracture Mapping Experiments[R]. SPE 27985, 1994
[20] H.Gu, J.Desroches, J.L. Elbel, Schlumberger. Computer Simulation of Multilayer Hydraulic Fractures[R]. SPE 64789, 2000
[21] 刘斌．确定油田经济产量的最低运行费用法[J]．石油勘探与开发，2001，28(1)：92-94
[22] 肖国华．不动管柱分层酸化压裂工艺管柱研究[J]．石油机械，2004，32(2)：49-55
[23] 虞建业．江苏油田分层压裂工艺技术应用与研究[J]．试采技术，1995，16(2)：38-42
[24] 岳慧，佘梅卿，鲁献春等．高压分层酸化管柱的研制和应用[J]．石油机械，2001，29(2)：44-46
[25] 陈明忠．分层压裂技术在多层开采中的应用[J]．钻采工艺，2001，24(4)：81-82
[26] 李文魁．深井高能气体压裂技术试验研究[J]．石油钻采工艺，1995(2)：55-60
[27] Josef Shaoul, Edgar Folmar, Klaas van Gijtenbeek, Halliburton. Hydraulic Fracturing Improves Recovery in a Layered Reservoir Under Waterflood in Kazakhstan[R]. SPE 75146, 2002
[28] Lehman, Lyle V., Kelley, Charles C., Kelley, Jr., C.W., C.W. Kelley, Jr., Inc.. Economic Ranking of Applications Which Directly Benefit Fracturing Optimization in a Moderate Permeability/Multi-Layered Environment[R]. SPE 35258, 1996
[29] Al Tamimi, Y.K.. Rigless Acid Fracturing Through Dual Completions: An Offshore Experience the Upper Zakum Field[R]. SPE 21313, 1991
[30] Britt, L.K., Larsen, M.J., Amoco Production Co.. Fracture Characterization of Multilayered Reservoirs[R]. SPE 15511, 1986
[31] Wang Demin, Liu He, Wang Yan, Wang Gang. How to Fracture More Than 30 Zones in a Well in One Day and Use in a Large Scale[R]. SPE 84912, 2003
[32] Wang Feng, Zhang Yingan, Li Biansheng, Jilin Oilfield Corp. Multiple-Stage Fracture Treatment of Horizontal Wells[R]. SPE 104434, 2006
[33] Sunil N.Gulrajani, Clinton C. Olmstead. Coiled Tubing Conveyed Fracture Treatments: Evolution, Methodology and Field Application[R]. SPE 57432, 1999
[34] Li Land I.Bayfield, BJ Services Co, G. Paton, Talisman Energy (U.K.) Ltd.. Effective Heavy Post-Fracturing Proppant Cleanout With Coiled Tubing: Experimental Study and Field Casing History[R]. SPE 101235, 2006
[35] Chambers, M.R., Mobil E&P Tech. Center. Well Completion Design and Operations for a Deep Horizontal Well with Multiple Fractures[R]. SPE 30417, 1995
[36] Rowley, J.C., Pettitt, R.A., Hendron, R.H., Los Alamos Natl. Laboratory., Well Production Testing, Inc.. Fracturing Operations in a Dry Geothermal Reservoir[R]. SPE 12100, 1983
[37] Darren Thatcher, Stephen Glanville, Sanjel Corporation. Re-Completion Techniques on Shallow Gas Wells Using Coiled Tubing Conveyed Fracturing. SPE 81708, 2003
[38] V.E Rodrigues, ED. Fernandes, M.A. Rosolen, M.L. de Almeida Franco, L.F. Neumann, C.B.C. Lima, Petroleo Brasileiro S/A, J.B. Surjaatmadja, C.G. Miranda, F. Carneiro, Halliburton. First Applications of a Multiple Fracturing Method in Noncemented Horizontal Offshore Wells[R]. SPE 94583, 2005
[39] 巢华庆．大庆油田稳油控水实例选编[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1993
[40] 袁庆峰．油田开发规划方案编制方法[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，2005
[41] 金毓荪，隋新光．陆相油藏开发论[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，2006