聚合物驱偏心分注技术研究
|
摘要
大庆油田主力油层聚合物驱油已得到广泛应用,对提高油田最终采收率、控制油田产量递减、改善油田高含水后期开发效果起到了重要作用。聚合物驱油技术已成为大庆油田高含水后期增储上产保持油田可持续发展的一项重要技术手段。然而,随着主力油层注聚面积的扩大,油田适合聚合物驱油的一、二类油层剩余储量潜力逐年减少,探索三类油层聚驱的可行性和研究聚驱的效果,寻找接替一、二类油层注聚的储量潜力显得非常重要。
为了配合油田中区西部三次加密与聚合物驱结合现场试验,提高注聚井的吸液厚度,改善差油层的动用状况,进一步调整注聚结构,必须进行分层注聚。但原有的聚合物分层注入技术不能满足三类油层多层注聚的要求,需研制聚合物驱多层分注工艺,以缓解低渗透油层及表外储层间的渗透率差异造成的笼统注入井各层吸入量不平衡的矛盾,使得三类油层进行三次采油成为可能,提高最终采收率。
本文综合运用了量纲原理、相似定理及π定理建立了聚合物在内管带有等距环槽的环形空间流动的准则方程,并且给出了方程的推导。设计并进行了室内试验,结合试验数据和最小二乘法算法得到了非牛顿流体在内管带有等距环槽的环形空间中流动的摩阻系数的拟合公式,进而得到非牛顿流体在内管带有等距环槽的环形空间中流动时的压降与流量、环形空间的尺寸及非牛顿流体流变性参数的关系。利用优化设计结果研制出偏心配注器以及在结构上不受使用级数限制、适用于四层以上分注要求,低剪切降解的桥式偏心分层注聚管柱及配套工具。
现场试验9口井,采用存储式电子流量计进行分层测试调配。资料表明分注后吸液层段数比笼统注入时增多,吸水厚度增大。与注聚前对比,日产液下降,日产油上升,综合含水下降。聚合物驱偏心分注技术解决了三类油层聚合物驱多层分注的问题,提高了注聚井的吸液厚度,改善了差油层动用状况,提高最终采收率,具有较高的技术经济价值和社会效益。
The polymer drived oil is widely used in the main oil layer of DaQing oil field.It effected on raising the last recovery ratio,preventing the production from reducing,improving development effection in the late for high percent water. The technology of the polymer driving oil has become an very important technology in increasing reserves,continue development in the late for high percent water in the DaQing oilfield.However, the larger of the area that the polymer injection in the main oil layer,the little remaining reserves in the first and the second type of the oil layers that adopt to polymer drive oil .It is not only important that we research effection of the polymer drive oil and feasibility of the polymer drive oil in the third oil layer but also we look for potential that replace the injecting polymer’s reserves in the first and the second typy of the oil layers.
We must inject polymer seperatly in the defferent layers in order to cooperate the field experiment of the third infill in the mid-west of the oilfield with the polymer driving oil,to improve accepting fluid thickness,to improve the producting reserves in the bad oil layers,to adjust the composition of the polymer injection. The present technology that the polymer are seperatly injected in the defferent layers did not content the reqest that inject polymer to many layers in the third type of oil layer.We must develop a technology that the polymer are injected to many layers.So that the intaking imbalance antinomy caused by the deffernce between the lower penetration layer and the out of layer in the defferent layers in the commingled water injection wells will be soluted .Thus the third production is impossible in the third type of layer.The final recovery efficiency will be increased.
This paper integrating utilize the Dimension Theory,the Law of Similarity,πTheory to establish the norm formular that the polymer flow inside the pipes with isometry circline space. And give the formular’s derivation.Design the interior experiment. We get the friction coefficient fit formular that The non-newtonian Fluid flow inside the pipes with isometry circline space combinate the experiment datas and the least square method.So that we get the pressure drooping, the rate of flow,the size of the circline space and the relationship of The non-newtonian Fluid flowage parameters that The non-newtonian Fluid flow inside the isometry circline space. We utilize optimizing design result to develop the decenter injection proration equipment .We develop the bridge decenter separating layer injecting polymer pipes and tools adapt the pipes with lower shear degradation that adapt to separating injection above four layers without the limit numbers.
We test the technology in nine wells.Used the Electronic Memory Flowmeter to allocate the testing separately.The data showed the numbers of the intaking layer after separating injection are more than the commingled water injection.The intaking thickness encharge.Contrast the before the polymer injection,the producting fluid percent day reduced,the producing oil percent day increased,the synthesize water contained reduced. The technology that bias separating layer injection on the polymer driving oil solute the problem that the polymer driving on many layers separating injection in the third type layer.It improve accepting fluid thickness,to improve the producting reserves in the bad oil layers, The final recovery efficiency will be increased. It has the biggest technological economic valuation and society benefit.
为了配合油田中区西部三次加密与聚合物驱结合现场试验,提高注聚井的吸液厚度,改善差油层的动用状况,进一步调整注聚结构,必须进行分层注聚。但原有的聚合物分层注入技术不能满足三类油层多层注聚的要求,需研制聚合物驱多层分注工艺,以缓解低渗透油层及表外储层间的渗透率差异造成的笼统注入井各层吸入量不平衡的矛盾,使得三类油层进行三次采油成为可能,提高最终采收率。
本文综合运用了量纲原理、相似定理及π定理建立了聚合物在内管带有等距环槽的环形空间流动的准则方程,并且给出了方程的推导。设计并进行了室内试验,结合试验数据和最小二乘法算法得到了非牛顿流体在内管带有等距环槽的环形空间中流动的摩阻系数的拟合公式,进而得到非牛顿流体在内管带有等距环槽的环形空间中流动时的压降与流量、环形空间的尺寸及非牛顿流体流变性参数的关系。利用优化设计结果研制出偏心配注器以及在结构上不受使用级数限制、适用于四层以上分注要求,低剪切降解的桥式偏心分层注聚管柱及配套工具。
现场试验9口井,采用存储式电子流量计进行分层测试调配。资料表明分注后吸液层段数比笼统注入时增多,吸水厚度增大。与注聚前对比,日产液下降,日产油上升,综合含水下降。聚合物驱偏心分注技术解决了三类油层聚合物驱多层分注的问题,提高了注聚井的吸液厚度,改善了差油层动用状况,提高最终采收率,具有较高的技术经济价值和社会效益。
The polymer drived oil is widely used in the main oil layer of DaQing oil field.It effected on raising the last recovery ratio,preventing the production from reducing,improving development effection in the late for high percent water. The technology of the polymer driving oil has become an very important technology in increasing reserves,continue development in the late for high percent water in the DaQing oilfield.However, the larger of the area that the polymer injection in the main oil layer,the little remaining reserves in the first and the second type of the oil layers that adopt to polymer drive oil .It is not only important that we research effection of the polymer drive oil and feasibility of the polymer drive oil in the third oil layer but also we look for potential that replace the injecting polymer’s reserves in the first and the second typy of the oil layers.
We must inject polymer seperatly in the defferent layers in order to cooperate the field experiment of the third infill in the mid-west of the oilfield with the polymer driving oil,to improve accepting fluid thickness,to improve the producting reserves in the bad oil layers,to adjust the composition of the polymer injection. The present technology that the polymer are seperatly injected in the defferent layers did not content the reqest that inject polymer to many layers in the third type of oil layer.We must develop a technology that the polymer are injected to many layers.So that the intaking imbalance antinomy caused by the deffernce between the lower penetration layer and the out of layer in the defferent layers in the commingled water injection wells will be soluted .Thus the third production is impossible in the third type of layer.The final recovery efficiency will be increased.
This paper integrating utilize the Dimension Theory,the Law of Similarity,πTheory to establish the norm formular that the polymer flow inside the pipes with isometry circline space. And give the formular’s derivation.Design the interior experiment. We get the friction coefficient fit formular that The non-newtonian Fluid flow inside the pipes with isometry circline space combinate the experiment datas and the least square method.So that we get the pressure drooping, the rate of flow,the size of the circline space and the relationship of The non-newtonian Fluid flowage parameters that The non-newtonian Fluid flow inside the isometry circline space. We utilize optimizing design result to develop the decenter injection proration equipment .We develop the bridge decenter separating layer injecting polymer pipes and tools adapt the pipes with lower shear degradation that adapt to separating injection above four layers without the limit numbers.
We test the technology in nine wells.Used the Electronic Memory Flowmeter to allocate the testing separately.The data showed the numbers of the intaking layer after separating injection are more than the commingled water injection.The intaking thickness encharge.Contrast the before the polymer injection,the producting fluid percent day reduced,the producing oil percent day increased,the synthesize water contained reduced. The technology that bias separating layer injection on the polymer driving oil solute the problem that the polymer driving on many layers separating injection in the third type layer.It improve accepting fluid thickness,to improve the producting reserves in the bad oil layers, The final recovery efficiency will be increased. It has the biggest technological economic valuation and society benefit.
引文
[1] J.T.Fredrich.Commerical polymer injection in the country field[J].SPE 28601,1994.
[2] J.S.Song.Polymer gels formulated with a combination of high and low moleculary-weight polymer provide improved performance for water shutoff treatments of fracture[J].SPE 89402,2005.
[3]Injecting polyacrylamide into Gulf coast sands: the white castle Q sand polymer-injectivity test[J], SPE Res. Engng.9701386, 174-180.
[4]The effect of palymers on the displacement of Nubia crude oil [J] (October feield), J. Can. Pet. Tech. 9711416, 42-48.
[5]Single well tests to determine the efficiency of alkaline-surfactant injection in a highly oil-wet limestone reservoir[J]. SPE 81464, 2004.
[6]White,P.D.and Moss.J.T.Thermal Recovery methods[J],Penn well Publishing Company Tulsa.OK-lahoma.1983.
[7]Prats M. Thermal Recovery. First Printing.Society of Pet roleum Engineers of AIME[J].1984.
[8] Doscher, 7.M and Wise, F.A.1976, Enhanced crude oil recovery potential-an estimate[J]. J. Pet. Technol.1976,796-780.
[9] Van Pollen, H.K and Associates, 1980, Fundamentals of Enhanced oil Recovery[J]. Penn Well Books, Tulsa, Okla. ,1995,59(2):191-213.
[10]王平,韩振兴等译.流体力学大全[M]. 北京:北京航空航天大学,1991.73-79.
[11]韩洪升,崔海清.石油工程非牛顿流体力学[M]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,1993.62-69.
[12]夏惠芬,王德民,侯吉瑞,等.聚合物溶液的粘弹性对驱油效率的影响[J].大庆石油学院学报,2002,26(4): 9-111.
[13]王德民,程杰成.粘弹性聚合物溶液能够提高岩心的微观驱油效率[J].石油学报,2000,21(5):45-51.
[14]刘洪岩,王渝明,徐延平,等.杏十三区聚合物驱受效特点分析[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(2):122-124.
[15]徐正顺,牛金刚,廖广志,等.大庆油田聚合物驱技术应用的做法与经验[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2000,19(4):13-16.
[16]闫亚茹,李瑞升,吴蔚.萨中地区二类油层聚合物驱油试验的几点认识[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2004,23(4):87-80.
[17]王启民,冀宝发,隋军,等.大庆油田三次采油技术的实践与认识[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(2):1-8.
[18]王玉普.大型砂岩油田高效开采技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.45-67.
[19]张晓芹.大庆油田二类油层聚合物驱注入参数的优选[J].大庆石油学院学报,2005,29(4):30-32.
[20]姜喜庆.影响油层聚合物驱效果的地质因素[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1999,(1),37-39.
[21]王启民.聚合物驱油技术的实践与认识[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1999,(4)∶1-5.
[22]戚连庆.聚合物驱油实用工程方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.20～56.
[23]黄延章..聚合物驱油微观机理研究[M].北京:油田化学,1990 (1):23-25.
[24] Swulius.T.M,1984 Porosity Calibration of Neutron Deflection logs[J]. SCAROC Unit.59th Annu .Fall Meet, Soc. Pet. Eng of AIME, Houston, Texas. September
[25]Ender OKandan编. Heavy Crude Oil Recovery. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers[J]. 1984
[26]Cost-effective methods of profile control in mature waterflood injectors. SPE 27849
[27]Injection profile control in a multizone Los Angeles basin waterflood[J] .SPE 20044
[28]Simulation of a single-well injection / production steamflood (SWIPS) process in an Athabasca tar sand[J]. SPE 20017
[29]刘合,袁涛,李金玲.聚合物驱井下单管分注技术[J].石油学报,1999 (6):17-19.
[30]庄清泉,宗大庆,张淑敏.聚合物驱简化分注工艺技术[J].油气田地面工程,1999(6):40-43.
[31]杨子强,王研,梁福民.聚合物驱2-3层分注技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001(3):28-29.
[32]金毓荪.油田分层开采[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1985.46-51.
[33]郑洽馀,鲁钟琪.流体力学[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1979.112-120.
[34] 张振华,程杰成,李林.聚合物驱油现场先导试验技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.25-38.
[35]王克亮,王凤兰,李群等.改善聚合物驱油技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.58-78.
[36]孙振东.因次分析原理[M].北京:人民铁道出版社,1979.44-69.
[37][苏]谢多夫著.力学中的相似方法与量纲理论[M].北京:科学出版社,1982.71-84.
[38]崔海清,韩洪升.工程流体力学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.89-97.
[39]陈家琅.水力学[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,1980.107-130.
[40]陈克城.流体力学实验技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1983.43-48.
[41]黄皖苏,李学京.计算机工程绘图[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998.68-84.
[42]刘华鎣,吴雅娟.计算方法[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2001.60-69.
[43]成大先.机械设计手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1997.107-159.
[44]胡博仲.聚合物驱采油工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997. 279-278.
[45]王香增.多管柱井口研制[J].石油矿场机械 ,1997 (4):45-47.
[46]韩显卿.提高采收率原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991.103-114.
[47]张继芬等.提高石油采收率基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.38-54.
[48]王克亮.改善聚合物驱油技术研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.98-126.
[49]胡博仲.聚合物驱采油工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.108-133.
[2] J.S.Song.Polymer gels formulated with a combination of high and low moleculary-weight polymer provide improved performance for water shutoff treatments of fracture[J].SPE 89402,2005.
[3]Injecting polyacrylamide into Gulf coast sands: the white castle Q sand polymer-injectivity test[J], SPE Res. Engng.9701386, 174-180.
[4]The effect of palymers on the displacement of Nubia crude oil [J] (October feield), J. Can. Pet. Tech. 9711416, 42-48.
[5]Single well tests to determine the efficiency of alkaline-surfactant injection in a highly oil-wet limestone reservoir[J]. SPE 81464, 2004.
[6]White,P.D.and Moss.J.T.Thermal Recovery methods[J],Penn well Publishing Company Tulsa.OK-lahoma.1983.
[7]Prats M. Thermal Recovery. First Printing.Society of Pet roleum Engineers of AIME[J].1984.
[8] Doscher, 7.M and Wise, F.A.1976, Enhanced crude oil recovery potential-an estimate[J]. J. Pet. Technol.1976,796-780.
[9] Van Pollen, H.K and Associates, 1980, Fundamentals of Enhanced oil Recovery[J]. Penn Well Books, Tulsa, Okla. ,1995,59(2):191-213.
[10]王平,韩振兴等译.流体力学大全[M]. 北京:北京航空航天大学,1991.73-79.
[11]韩洪升,崔海清.石油工程非牛顿流体力学[M]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,1993.62-69.
[12]夏惠芬,王德民,侯吉瑞,等.聚合物溶液的粘弹性对驱油效率的影响[J].大庆石油学院学报,2002,26(4): 9-111.
[13]王德民,程杰成.粘弹性聚合物溶液能够提高岩心的微观驱油效率[J].石油学报,2000,21(5):45-51.
[14]刘洪岩,王渝明,徐延平,等.杏十三区聚合物驱受效特点分析[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(2):122-124.
[15]徐正顺,牛金刚,廖广志,等.大庆油田聚合物驱技术应用的做法与经验[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2000,19(4):13-16.
[16]闫亚茹,李瑞升,吴蔚.萨中地区二类油层聚合物驱油试验的几点认识[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2004,23(4):87-80.
[17]王启民,冀宝发,隋军,等.大庆油田三次采油技术的实践与认识[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(2):1-8.
[18]王玉普.大型砂岩油田高效开采技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.45-67.
[19]张晓芹.大庆油田二类油层聚合物驱注入参数的优选[J].大庆石油学院学报,2005,29(4):30-32.
[20]姜喜庆.影响油层聚合物驱效果的地质因素[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1999,(1),37-39.
[21]王启民.聚合物驱油技术的实践与认识[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1999,(4)∶1-5.
[22]戚连庆.聚合物驱油实用工程方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.20～56.
[23]黄延章..聚合物驱油微观机理研究[M].北京:油田化学,1990 (1):23-25.
[24] Swulius.T.M,1984 Porosity Calibration of Neutron Deflection logs[J]. SCAROC Unit.59th Annu .Fall Meet, Soc. Pet. Eng of AIME, Houston, Texas. September
[25]Ender OKandan编. Heavy Crude Oil Recovery. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers[J]. 1984
[26]Cost-effective methods of profile control in mature waterflood injectors. SPE 27849
[27]Injection profile control in a multizone Los Angeles basin waterflood[J] .SPE 20044
[28]Simulation of a single-well injection / production steamflood (SWIPS) process in an Athabasca tar sand[J]. SPE 20017
[29]刘合,袁涛,李金玲.聚合物驱井下单管分注技术[J].石油学报,1999 (6):17-19.
[30]庄清泉,宗大庆,张淑敏.聚合物驱简化分注工艺技术[J].油气田地面工程,1999(6):40-43.
[31]杨子强,王研,梁福民.聚合物驱2-3层分注技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001(3):28-29.
[32]金毓荪.油田分层开采[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1985.46-51.
[33]郑洽馀,鲁钟琪.流体力学[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1979.112-120.
[34] 张振华,程杰成,李林.聚合物驱油现场先导试验技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.25-38.
[35]王克亮,王凤兰,李群等.改善聚合物驱油技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.58-78.
[36]孙振东.因次分析原理[M].北京:人民铁道出版社,1979.44-69.
[37][苏]谢多夫著.力学中的相似方法与量纲理论[M].北京:科学出版社,1982.71-84.
[38]崔海清,韩洪升.工程流体力学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.89-97.
[39]陈家琅.水力学[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,1980.107-130.
[40]陈克城.流体力学实验技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1983.43-48.
[41]黄皖苏,李学京.计算机工程绘图[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998.68-84.
[42]刘华鎣,吴雅娟.计算方法[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2001.60-69.
[43]成大先.机械设计手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1997.107-159.
[44]胡博仲.聚合物驱采油工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997. 279-278.
[45]王香增.多管柱井口研制[J].石油矿场机械 ,1997 (4):45-47.
[46]韩显卿.提高采收率原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991.103-114.
[47]张继芬等.提高石油采收率基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.38-54.
[48]王克亮.改善聚合物驱油技术研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.98-126.
[49]胡博仲.聚合物驱采油工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.108-133.