杜229块兴隆台油层超稠油油藏储层非均质与剩余油分布规律研究
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摘要
杜229块是辽河油田重点开发区块,目的层兴隆台油层属于典型的超稠油油藏,含油层系兴II-兴VI,其中兴II-兴V为扇三角洲前缘沉积,兴VI为重力流沉积,油层埋深840m-1100m,油层厚度60-150米。自1998年投入开发以来,先后经历了快速上产、短期高产稳产、持续减产阶段,至今已经采出原油396×104t,采出程度达到19.2%,自2004年来依靠大修、调层等措施缓解减产压力且效果明显。当前生产矛盾突出,原有的蒸汽吞吐开发方式难以为继,需要转换开发方式。
在本文中,运用油藏工程方法对杜229块进行了总体评价,分析了影响超稠油开发的各种因素,并对非均质进行了表征,认为油藏非均质是制约油藏开发效果的内因和主要因素,而沉积微相是油藏非均质的主控因素,开发工艺技术影响开发效果,在此基础上采用动静结合的方法,对该区剩余油分布规律从平面、层间、层内进行研究,认为平面上的热未连通井间、无井控制区为剩余油主要分布区域,受油藏地质和开发工艺两方面的影响,北部低效区和中南部受水侵影响的区域也是剩余油富集区,水下分流河道、心滩等主力沉积微相中剩余油总量最多,滩砂、分流间湾薄层砂等非主力沉积微相中剩余油总量较少;在垂向上剩余油主要分布于未射孔投产层段和大套层系开发时的未受效层位,总体上剩余油位于油层中下部,最后根据油藏地质和剩余油分布状况提出加密井网(包括直井和水平井)提高井控程度和层系调整以及开展分层注汽、层间调剖和多井整体吞吐以提高注汽开发效果等适合该区的挖潜措施。认为SAGD适合杜229块超稠油开发,可以在达到SAGD开发指标的区域全面转化为采用SAGD方式开发。根据在邻区的试验结果,预期杜229块超稠油采收率可以得到大幅提高。
Du 229 block is an important exploitation block of Liaohe oilfield. The target layer is Xinglongtai oil layer, which is a typical extra-heavy-oil reservoir. The hydrocarbon reservoir assemblages are Xing II to Xing VI.The former five oil pools belong to Front Fan delta sedimentary. The last belongs to turbidity sedimentary. The reservoir depth is about 840 meters to 1100 meters and the thickness of oil layers is from 60 meters to 150 meters. Since the beginning of exploitation, three major periods had been experienced:rapid growth stage、short stage of stable and high production and the lasting reducing stage. Now,3.96 million ton oil was recovered and the degree of reserve recovery is about 19.2%.Treatments such as heavy repair、layer converting were applied to relieve the production decline and the result is quite good. Nowadays,the production problems are extremely prominent. The CSS development style is hard to continue and alternate of the development method is in need.
In this paper,reservoir engineering method was applied to evaluate the production condition of Du 229 block and try to study the affecting factors to the exploitation of extra-heavy oil reservoir. Reservoir heterogeneity is considered to be the inner and principal factor which affects reservoir development level and is mainly controlled by microfacies. The development technologies affect exploitation result. In this paper,static understandings combine with reservoir performance analysis was used to study the remaining oil distribution laws of plane、intrabed and intraformation. On the planar,non-heat communication areas among wells and areas uncontrolled by wells are main areas of remaining oil existing. Affected by both geological and development techniques,the Northern low level efficiency area and area in Mid-Southern invaded by edge-water are remaining oil rich domain. There exists most remaining oil in the main microfacies such as subaqueous distributary channel and channel bar .Vertically,remaining oil mainly exists in imperforated intervals and inefficient layers while production in long interval. Remaining oil mostly lies in the lower-middle part of the reservoirs. Distribution law of remaining oil in extra-heavy oil reservoir was presented. Finally,based on the research result,infilled wells were designed to improve the reservoir reserve control level. And,treatments such as layer converting and separated layer steam injection、multi-wells CSS together were also put forward to improve the steam stimulation effect. SAGD was considered to be fit for the development of extra-heavy oil in Du 229 Block. When the well pattern is ready, SAGD will be carried out in preferable areas. According to the experimental result in neighbor area,higher recovery rate was expected to obtain in this extra-heavy oil reservoir.
在本文中,运用油藏工程方法对杜229块进行了总体评价,分析了影响超稠油开发的各种因素,并对非均质进行了表征,认为油藏非均质是制约油藏开发效果的内因和主要因素,而沉积微相是油藏非均质的主控因素,开发工艺技术影响开发效果,在此基础上采用动静结合的方法,对该区剩余油分布规律从平面、层间、层内进行研究,认为平面上的热未连通井间、无井控制区为剩余油主要分布区域,受油藏地质和开发工艺两方面的影响,北部低效区和中南部受水侵影响的区域也是剩余油富集区,水下分流河道、心滩等主力沉积微相中剩余油总量最多,滩砂、分流间湾薄层砂等非主力沉积微相中剩余油总量较少;在垂向上剩余油主要分布于未射孔投产层段和大套层系开发时的未受效层位,总体上剩余油位于油层中下部,最后根据油藏地质和剩余油分布状况提出加密井网(包括直井和水平井)提高井控程度和层系调整以及开展分层注汽、层间调剖和多井整体吞吐以提高注汽开发效果等适合该区的挖潜措施。认为SAGD适合杜229块超稠油开发,可以在达到SAGD开发指标的区域全面转化为采用SAGD方式开发。根据在邻区的试验结果,预期杜229块超稠油采收率可以得到大幅提高。
Du 229 block is an important exploitation block of Liaohe oilfield. The target layer is Xinglongtai oil layer, which is a typical extra-heavy-oil reservoir. The hydrocarbon reservoir assemblages are Xing II to Xing VI.The former five oil pools belong to Front Fan delta sedimentary. The last belongs to turbidity sedimentary. The reservoir depth is about 840 meters to 1100 meters and the thickness of oil layers is from 60 meters to 150 meters. Since the beginning of exploitation, three major periods had been experienced:rapid growth stage、short stage of stable and high production and the lasting reducing stage. Now,3.96 million ton oil was recovered and the degree of reserve recovery is about 19.2%.Treatments such as heavy repair、layer converting were applied to relieve the production decline and the result is quite good. Nowadays,the production problems are extremely prominent. The CSS development style is hard to continue and alternate of the development method is in need.
In this paper,reservoir engineering method was applied to evaluate the production condition of Du 229 block and try to study the affecting factors to the exploitation of extra-heavy oil reservoir. Reservoir heterogeneity is considered to be the inner and principal factor which affects reservoir development level and is mainly controlled by microfacies. The development technologies affect exploitation result. In this paper,static understandings combine with reservoir performance analysis was used to study the remaining oil distribution laws of plane、intrabed and intraformation. On the planar,non-heat communication areas among wells and areas uncontrolled by wells are main areas of remaining oil existing. Affected by both geological and development techniques,the Northern low level efficiency area and area in Mid-Southern invaded by edge-water are remaining oil rich domain. There exists most remaining oil in the main microfacies such as subaqueous distributary channel and channel bar .Vertically,remaining oil mainly exists in imperforated intervals and inefficient layers while production in long interval. Remaining oil mostly lies in the lower-middle part of the reservoirs. Distribution law of remaining oil in extra-heavy oil reservoir was presented. Finally,based on the research result,infilled wells were designed to improve the reservoir reserve control level. And,treatments such as layer converting and separated layer steam injection、multi-wells CSS together were also put forward to improve the steam stimulation effect. SAGD was considered to be fit for the development of extra-heavy oil in Du 229 Block. When the well pattern is ready, SAGD will be carried out in preferable areas. According to the experimental result in neighbor area,higher recovery rate was expected to obtain in this extra-heavy oil reservoir.
引文
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[2] Maurice B.Dusseault , New Production Technologies[C] , SPE Distinguished Lecture Series – 2002-2003
[3] 林承焰.剩余油形成与分布[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2000:10~42.
[4] 徐守余著,油藏描述方法原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.4;7~10
[5] 龚春辉.利用侧钻井电阻率减小率计算剩余油饱和度[J].特种油气藏,2005.8;第 12 卷第 4 期:44~47
[6] 陈振琦,杨生榛,喻克全.浅层稠油注蒸汽开发过程中剩余油分布规律[J].测井技术,1998 年;第 22 卷增刊:40~43
[7] 邵先杰,孙冲,王国鹏等.浅薄层特、超稠油注蒸汽吞吐后剩余油分布研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2005. 2;Vol. 32:131
[8] 白长琦,王晗,李晓娜等.浅层特超稠油油藏高周期吞吐挖潜技术研究与应用[J].河南石油,2004.6 第 18 卷增刊:37~39
[9] 霍进,陈荣灿,蒋福修.浅层稠油油藏注蒸汽纵向动用程度监测技术的应用[J].特种油气藏,1998 年;第 5 卷第 3 期:18~22
[10] 刘尚奇,王晓春,杨立强等.蒸汽超覆对块状超稠油油藏剩余油分布影响研究[J].特种油气藏,2005.2;第 12 卷第 1 期:29~31
[11] 王志高,徐怀民,杜立东等.稠油剩余油形成分布模式及控制因素分析——以辽河油田曙二区大凌河油藏为例[J].安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004 年 9 月;第 24 卷第 3 期:19~23
[12] 朱孟高,沈国华,谢风猛等.单家寺油田单 10 块稠油油藏剩余油挖潜措施[J].油气地质与采收率,2003 年 8 月;第 10 卷第 4 期:53~54
[13] 刘峰.水平井技术在超稠油挖潜中的应用[J].特种油气藏, 2005 年 6月;第 12 卷第 3 期:58~59
[14] 孙玉环,杨先勇,张勇等.曙一区杜 84 块兴 VI 组块状超稠油油藏水平井蒸汽吞吐试验[J].特种油气藏, 2000 年;第 7 卷增刊:37~40
[15] Roger Butler.日臻完善的 SAGD 采油技术[J].Foreign OilfieldEngineering,1999 年 11 月:22~24
[16] Roger M.Butler.重油和沥青的热力开采工艺[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.9:15~36
[17] T.N.Nasr, H.Golbeck,G.Korpany and G.Pierce,SAGD Operating Strategies[C],paper SPE 50411 prepared for presentation at the 1998 SPE International Conference on Horizontal Well Technology held in Calgary,Alberta,Canada,1–4 November 1998
[18] T.N.Nasr,Golbeck,H.Korpany,G.,Korpany and G.Pierce,Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) In Horizontal Wells: A Visualization Model Study[C], paper SPE 37521 presented at the 1997 International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium,Bakersfield, California,February 10-12
[19] Donnelly,J.K: Application of Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage to Cold Lake[C],paper SPE/CIM presented at the 6th Conference on Horizontal Well Technology,Calgary,Alberta,and November 1997.
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