可持续发展视阈下中国海洋经济发展研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
当陆地对人类生活的承载力日趋极限,人口增长、环境恶化、资源短缺等种种困境日益威胁着人类的生存时,寻找新的生存和发展空间已经是各国政府及科学家们面临的重大课题。于是,人们将目光转向了占据着地球表面面积70.8%、拥有着地球总水量96.5%的海洋。作为了人类赖以生存的“第二疆土”,海洋逐渐成为人类生命的摇篮、资源的宝藏、风雨的温床、贸易的通道、国防的屏障。
     但随着人类社会以各种姿态向海洋的大举进军,国际海洋竞争也变得日趋激烈。尤其是自从20世纪90年代海洋逐渐吸引着越来越多国家关注的目光开始,世界主要海洋国家更是纷纷制定并调整各自的海洋发展战略,并在将本国主权管辖海域作为“蓝色国土”加以开发、利用和保护的同时,加紧向海底和大洋的勘探开发,意欲向广袤的海洋索取战略资源,争取在海洋中的有利地位和战略利益。但人类对陆域资源的疯狂掠夺带来的种种后果时刻提醒着我们在对海洋资源的开发利用过程中,必须走集约型的发展道路,注意海洋发展的可持续性。
     作为历史悠久的海洋大国,中国拥有着丰富的海洋资源和海洋发展经验。新中国成立后,尤其是自20世纪90年代席卷整个沿海地区的海洋开发热潮蔓延开始,海洋经济得到了持续快速的发展。海洋经济在整个国民经济体系中发挥着越来越重要的作用,海洋产业的发展已经成为中国沿海现代化进程中重要的推动力量和新世纪发展的战略重点,丰富的海洋资源为沿海经济的可持续发展提供了可靠的物质基础。但与此同时,与世界其他海洋国家面临的难题相同,在中国的海洋开发过程中诸多影响海洋经济可持续发展的问题纷纷出现。由于海洋规划的不科学、海洋科技水平的有限、涉海制度体系的不健全,许多难以克服的海洋资源的无偿、无序、无度利用现象时有发生。随着沿海地区经济的高速增长以及对海洋开发广度与深度的不断拓展,海洋资源的无谓浪费和过度开发导致了海洋资源短缺的日益严重化,海洋环境日趋恶化,传统与粗放型的海洋经济发展方式导致的海洋资源消耗强度大、废弃排放物多、海洋生态环境负荷过载等问题也越来越严重。海洋经济及其与资源环境、社会发展之间不相协调等问题日益影响到海洋经济的健康持续发展,直接或间接扰乱了海洋经济以至国民经济正常的发展秩序。这些问题随着海洋经济在中国国民经济发展中地位的提升,以及海洋经济学科理论体系的日渐成型,而逐渐引起了全国各界人士的重视。
     产生这些问题的最主要原因在于我们在海洋开发过程中只重视海洋的资源功能,而忽视海洋的生态、环境功能以及对海洋产业发展的科学规划,从而导致海洋开发活动和海洋经济发展与海洋实际功能的错位。因此,如何系统而深入地将可持续发展思想引入海洋经济领域,实现“海洋—经济—社会”系统的协调发展是摆在中国人面前的重大问题,也是在进行大规模海洋开发利用前必须要先解决好的关键课题。因此,本论文在中国海洋发展实践的基础上,基于海洋资源可持续利用和代际公平的资源观,结合海洋经济学、生态经济学、马克思主义技术观、制度经济学、区域经济学、产业经济学等相关理论,以经济全球化为大背景,从提高国家海洋经济长期发展的综合实力的高度出发,以国家政府力量为主导,构建中国海洋经济可持续发展战略支撑体系。中国必须把握时代机遇,以海洋资源的开发与利用、海洋生态环境的保护、海洋科学技术的创新发展、海洋经济的国际合作以及海洋可持续发展的制度创新为重要战略重点,从国家资源战略和国家利益的高度出发,将“海洋—经济—社会”系统协调发展过程中的这五大因素内部化而统一在一个可持续发展的框架内,并以制度变迁为推动力,从国家资源战略和国家利益的高度出发,深入探讨与中国海洋经济发展的战略选择相关的具体方案。
     核心内容在于以下六点:第一,考察中国海洋经济发展的战略重点及关键问题以及问题间的逻辑关系,探求当前中国海洋经济问题发生的根本原因;第二,以国外相对系统、完善的理论成果为研究基点,结合中国海洋资源开发利用的现状,并对现有理论模型进行改进和拓展,以动态分析的视角,构建中国海洋经济可持续发展战略支撑体系;第三,立足中国海洋资源的供求、技术、开发与管理现状,在考虑代际发展问题的前提下,对中国当前海洋的经济功能进行定位,旨在谋求一种人海系统各构成要素之间在结构和功能联系上的相对平衡;第四,基于理论和实证的研究,对中国海洋经济效率水平进行评价,并对其各影响因素进行全面而客观的判断与分析,寻找优化中国海洋产业绩效,提高海洋经济可持续发展能力的路径选择;第五,在借鉴国外先进发展实践的基础上,对中国海洋经济可持续发展的各项战略重点进行具体分析,并以中国海洋可持续发展能力为核心目标,以环境保护和代际公平的可持续发展观为指导,以市场调节为根本的运行机制,以法律法规为保障,辅以政府的监督、激励以及配套发展条件的扶持和完善,构建中国以提高海洋经济效率为核心的海洋经济可持续发展的长效运行机制;第六,基于上述研究,以中国海洋经济可持续发展的战略支撑体系为框架,从国家资源战略和国家利益的高度出发,在深入探讨的基础上做出中国海洋经济持续发展的规划、相关制度安排和政策建议。
     本论文的研究有助于丰富海洋经济发展理论,并对中国海洋经济发展实践具有一定的实际指导意义。具体反映在五个方面:第一,本文的研究将为制定海洋经济战略发展规划,构建海洋资源有效保护与可持续利用的长效机制,提高海洋经济综合水平,谋求人海系统各构成要素之间的平衡发展提供有效的制度性指导;第二,将弥补当前海洋经济发展研究中的绩效问题以及制度层面的研究不足,并为产业经营绩效的研究提供一种新的分析思路和方法;第三,为进一步优化中国涉海企业的产权制度、股权结构、提高经营绩效、增强核心竞争力提供路径选择和理论依据;第四,对于海洋经济中的国有企业改革与发展、建立现代企业制度将起到一定的促进作用;第五,为国家、政府管理部门旨在推进海洋经济可持续发展适时制定相关政策、为投资者正确选择和把握投资方向提供一定理论依据。
When the bearing capacity of land for the human being increasingly limits,population growth, environmental degradation, resource shortage and otherdifficulties are increasingly threatening the survival of human beings, which makesthe searching for a new space for the human survival and development become asignificant task for the governments and scientists. Therefore people turns to theocean, which occupies70.8%of the earth's surface and96.5%of the earth’s watersurface. Being the “second territory”for human survival, the ocean has become thecradle of life, treasure of resources, the hotbed of wind and rain, the channel of trade,as well as the barrier of national defense.
     But along with the human society marching in the ocean in various attitudes, aninternational competition on the ocean is becoming increasingly fierce. Especiallysince the1990’s the ocean has gradually attracted more and more national attention,the world's major maritime countries are formulating and adjusting their marinedevelopment strategy. They regard marine areas under their jurisdiction of nationalsovereignty as "blue land" for the development, utilization and protection. What’smore, they are stepping up to the exploration and development of the seabed andocean with the desire for the strategic resources and fighting for the favorableposition and strategic interests of marine competition. But the consequences ofmadness to land resources will remind us in the process of exploitation and utilizationof marine resources, human beings’ development must adhere to an intensive way,which means to pay attention to the sustainable development of ocean.
     Being a big marine country for a long history, China has abundant marine resource and rich development experience. After the founding of Socialist China,especially since the1990’s the marine development boom has begun to spread acrossthe coastal areas. Marine economy has been developed sustaining and rapidly. Marineeconomy plays a more and more important role in the whole system of nationaleconomy. The development of marine industry has become an important driving forceand strategic focus of the development in the new century in the process ofmodernization of China’s coastal areas. The rich marine resources have provided areliable material basis for the sustainable development of coastal economy. At thesame time, however, facing the same problems as other marine countries in the world,China also successively confornts many problems in the process of marineexploration, which will influence the sustainable development of China’s marineeconomy emerging. Because the anti-scientific marine planning, the limited marinescience and technology, as well as the failure of marine institutional establishment,the phenomena, such as the free use, excessive use and disorder exploration of marineresources happen ofen and can not be overcome easily. With the rapid growth ofeconomy in coastal areas, as well as the expansion of the breadth and the depth of themarine exploration, waste and over-exploitation led to increasingly serious shortageof marine resources day by day, the marine environment is deteriorating, thetraditional and extensive development mode of marine economy results in the moreand more serious problems such as high consumption of marine resources, thegenerous waste emissions, and the overload of marine ecological environment. Theuncoordinated problem among the marine economy, marine resources andenvironment and social development has influenced the healthy and sustainabledevelopment of marine economy. It also directly or indirectly disrupted the marineeconomy, even the normal development order of national economy. With thepromotion of the status of marine economy in the national economy of China, as wellas the theoretical system of the discipline of marine economy gradually formed, theseproblems are gradually attracting the national attention.
     The main reason for these problems is that we only pay attention to the functionof marine resource, but ignore the functions of ecology and environment, as well asignoring the scientific planning for the development of marine industry in the processof marine exploration. This results in the dislocation of marine development activities,marine economic development and the factual function of ocean. Therefore, how tosystematically and deeply introduce the idea of sustainable development into the fieldof marine economy become the solution of this big issue, which can help China toachieve the coordinated development among “ocean-economy-society" system. Inaddition, it is also a key issue to be solved before marine exploration and utilizationin a large scale. Therefore, based on the practice of China’s marine development, aswell as the sustainable utilization and intergenerational equity of marine resources,this paper combined with the marine economics, ecological economics, Marx's viewof technology, institutional economics, regional economics, industrial economics andother related theory. Under the background of economic globalization, from theperspective of the improving the comprehensive long-term development strength ofnational marine economy, it tries to construct the strategy supporting system for thesustainable development of China’s marine economy under the national governmentaldomination. It also identifies the strategy point of sustainable development of China’smarine economy. From the strategy perspective of national resource and the height ofthe national benefit, this paper regards the institutional change as a driving force. Onthis occasion, it deeply discusses on the specific strategy choice of the explorationand development of China’s marine economy.
     The core content of this paper are the following six points: firstly, to review thestrategy focus and key problems of China’s marine economy and the logicalrelationship between these problems, as well as to seek the fundamental reasons forChina’s marine economic problems which currently occurred. Secondly, based on therelatively systematic and consummate theoretical achievements from foreigncountries and combined with the current status of the exploration and utilization of China’s marine resources, this paper tries to improve and extend the existingtheoretical model in order to establish the strategic supporting system of sustainabledevelopment of China’s marine economy from the perspective of dynamic analysis.Thirdly, based on the current status of supply and demand, technology, explorationand management of China’s marine resources, as well as considering the problems ofintergenerational development, this paper also tries to clarify the position of currentChina’s marine economic function, in order to seek a relative balance among thestructure and function of various elements in the system of human beings and oceans.Fourthly, based on theoretical and empirical research, the paper tries to evaluate thelevel of efficiency of China’s marine economy, as well as to make a comprehensiveand objective analysis and judgment of the influence factors. What’s more, to seek forthe optimization of the performance of China’s marine industry and the path toimprove the capacity of sustainable development of marine economy. Fifthly, basedon the references to advanced developing practice of foreign countries, the paperconcretely analyzes the strategy focus of sustainable development of China’s marineeconomy. In addition, as the core goal is to promote the sustainable development ofChina’s marine economy, also with the guidance of the sustainable developmentconcept of environmental protection and intergenerational equity, as well as with thefundamental mechanism of market adjustment, this paper tries to establish along-term mechanism with the core of improving the efficiency of marine economyand sustainable development of China’s marine economy, which works along with theguarantee of laws and regulations, as well as the support and consummation ofsupervision, encouraging and conditional supplement from the government. Lastly,based on the above research, with the framework of strategic supporting system forsustainable development of China’s marine economy, this paper provides a series ofplans, institutional arrangements and policy recommendations for sustainabledevelopment of China’s marine economy which based on the deep discussion fromthe strategy of national resource and the height of national interests.
     This research helps to enrich the theory of China’s marine economicdevelopment; it also has a certain practical significance to the development ofChina’s marine economy. All of which are reflected in five aspects: Firstly, thisstudy will provide an effective institutional guidance for making strategic plans forthe development of marine economy, and for establishing a long-term mechanism ofeffective protection and sustainable utilization of marine resources, as well as forimproving the comprehensive level of marine economic development and seekingfor a balanced development among the elements of the system between humanbeings and ocean. Secondly, this paper will make up the deficiency in the problemsof performance and institutional aspects of the current study on marine economicdevelopment; it also provides a new analysis of idea and method for the industrialperformance. Thirdly, it provides path selection and theoretical basis for furtheroptimization of the property rights system and ownership structure of China’srelated enterprises, as well as for improving business performance and enhancingcore competitiveness. Fourthly, it also plays a certain role in promoting the reformand development, as well as establishing modern enterprise system of thestate-owned enterprises of marine economy. Lastly, this paper provides a theoreticalbasis for formulating relevant policies by the government to promote the sustainabledevelopment of marine economy, also for the investors to correctly choose anddecide the direction of investment.
引文
3胡锦涛:《坚定不移沿着中国特色社会主义道路前进为全面建成小康社会而奋斗》,北京:《人民日报》,2012年11月9日。
    4Rorholm Niels. Economic impact of Narragansett Bay[R].University of Rhode Island, AgriculturalExperiment Station.1963;Rorholm Niels. Economic impact of marine—oriented activities:A studyof the southern New England marine region[R].University of Rhode Island, Dept. of Food and ResouceEconomics.1967:132.
    7Pontecorvo G.,Wilkinson M.,et al. Contribution of the Ocean Sector to the U.S. Economy[J].Science,May30,1980,208:1000-1006.
    8姜旭朝,张继华,林强.蓝色经济研究动态[J].山东社会科学,2010(1):105-114.
    9Alistair Mcllgorm. Economic value of the marine sector across the APEC marine economies [R].Draft report to the APEC marine resource conservation working group project,The Centre for MarinePolicy, University of Wollongong, Australia,2004,5;Alistair Mcllgorm. What can measuring themarine economies of Southeast Asia tell us in times of economic and environmental change?[J].Tropical Coasts,2009,16(1):40-49.16(1):40-49.
    10周秋麟,周通.国外海洋经济研究进展[J].海洋经济,2011(1):43-52.
    11刘康、姜国建:“海洋产业界定与海洋经济统计分析”,《中国海洋大学学报》(社会科学版),2006年第3期。
    12周秋麟,周通.国外海洋经济研究进展[J].海洋经济,2011(1):43-52.
    13乔翔.中西方海洋经济理论研究的比较分析[J].中州学刊,2007(6):38-41.
    14周秋麟,周通.国外海洋经济研究进展[J].海洋经济,2011(1):43-52.
    16刘曙光,姜旭朝.中国海洋经济研究30年:回顾与展望[J].中国工业经济,2008(11):153-160.
    17刘曙光,姜旭朝.中国海洋经济研究30年:回顾与展望[J].中国工业经济,2008(11):153-160.
    18孙凤山.海洋经济学的研究对象、任务和方法[J].海洋开发,1985(3):66-70.
    19权锡鉴.海洋经济学初探[J].东岳论丛,1986(4):20-25.
    20张耀光.海洋经济地理研究与其在我国的进展[J].经济地理,1988(2):152-155.
    21蒋铁民著.中国海洋区域经济研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,1990.
    22杨金森.中国海洋开发战略[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1990;杨金森.海洋资源的战略地位[J].海洋与海岸带开发,1991(3):23-26.
    23鹿守本.海洋管理通论[M].北京:海洋出版社,1997.
    24刘曙光,姜旭朝.中国海洋经济研究30年:回顾与展望[J].中国工业经济,2008(11):153-160.
    25朱坚真,闫玉科.海洋经济学研究取向及其下一步[J].改革,2010(11):152-155;朱坚真:《海洋经济学》,北京:高等教育出版社,2010年.
    26陈万灵:海洋经济学理论体系的探讨[J].海洋开发与管理,2001(3):18-21.
    27孙斌,徐质斌.海洋经济学[M].海洋经济学,济南:山东教育出版社,2004;
    28王琪,高中文,何广顺.关于构建海洋经济学理论体系的设想[J].海洋开发与管理.2004(1):67-71.
    29朱坚真,闫玉科.海洋经济学研究取向及其下一步[J].改革,2010(11):152-155;朱坚真:《海洋经济学》,北京:高等教育出版社,2010年.
    30张德贤等.海洋经济可持续发展理论研究[M].青岛:青岛海洋大学出版社,2010.
    31陈万灵:海洋经济学理论体系的探讨[J].海洋开发与管理,2001(3):18-21.
    32吴克勤.海洋资源经济学及其发展[J].海洋信息,1994(2):1-2.
    33朱坚真,闫玉科.海洋经济学研究取向及其下一步[J].改革,2010(11):152-155
    34徐质斌,牛福增.海洋经济学教程[M].北京:经济科学出版,2003.
    36孙志辉.撑起海洋战略新产业[N].人民日报,2010-01-04(20).
    37国家海洋局.中国海洋发展报告(2011)[M].北京:海洋出版社,2011.
    38马克思恩格斯选集(第四卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1995(373).
    39朱坚真.海洋资源经济学[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2010(4).
    40封志明.资源科学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2007;徐敬俊.海洋产业布局的基本理论研究暨实证分析[D].中国海洋大学.博士论文,(2010).
    41[美]J.M.阿姆斯特朗,P.C.赖纳(著).美国海洋管理[M].林宝法,郭家梁,吴润华(译)北京:海洋出版社,1986.
    42[加]E.M.鲍基斯.海洋管理与联合国[M].北京:海洋出版社,1996.
    43管华诗,王曙光.海洋管理概论[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2003:1.
    44鹿守本.海洋管理通论[M].北京:海洋出版社,1997.
    45王琪等.海洋管理从理念到制度[M].北京:海洋出版社,2007.
    46帅学明,朱坚真.海洋综合管理概论[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2009.
    47朱炳元.关于《资本论》中的生态思想[J].2009(1):46—55+159
    48杨虎涛.两种不同的生态观——马克思生态经济思想与演化经济学稳态经济理论比较[J].武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(6):735—740.
    49马克思恩格斯全集:第20卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1971:第38页
    50马克思恩格斯选集:第4卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1995:第384
    51马克思恩格斯全集:第13卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1962:第25页
    52马克思.1848年经济学哲学手稿[M].北京:人民出版社,2000:第83页
    53马克思恩格斯全集:第23卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1972:第552—553页
    54赫尔曼.戴利等,珍惜地球——经济学、生态学、伦理学[M].北京:商务印书馆,2001:第9页
    55马克思.资本论:第3卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1975:926—927.
    56马克思.资本论:第3卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1975:118.
    57纪明.低碳经济背景下的碳博弈问题研究[D].吉林大学博士学位论文,2011
    58马克思恩格斯全集:第3卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2002:第272页
    59马克思.资本论:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1975:第424页
    60Barbara Ward, Rene J. Dubos. Only One Earth:The Care and Maintenance of a Small Planet[M]. W W Norton&Co Inc.1972.
    61Donald G. Hanway. Our Common Future—From One Earth to One World[J]. Journal of Soil and WaterConservation.1990, Vol.45, No.5, pp.510.
    62Donald G. Hanway. Our Common Future—From One Earth to One World[J]. Journal of Soil and WaterConservation.1990, Vol.45, No.5, pp.510.
    64马克思恩格斯全集:第23卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1972:201—202.
    65马克思恩格斯选集:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1995:344.
    66Reiner Grundmann: Marxism and Ecology[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1991.
    67马克思恩格斯选集:第3卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1960:56—57.
    68William Leiss:The Limits to Satisfaction[M]. Toronto: University of Toronto Press,1976:107.
    69马尔库塞著、张峰等译.单向度的人[M].重庆:重庆出版社,1993:141.
    70(美)奥康纳著、唐正东,臧佩洪译.自然的理由:生态学马克思主义研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003.
    71马克思恩格斯选集:第3卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1960:517.
    72Herbert Marcuse:Counter-revolution and Revolt[M]. Boston: Beacon Press,1972:60—62,104—105.
    73万希平.生态马克思主义的理论价值与当代意义[J].理论探索,2010(5):32—35,50;
    74曾文婷.生态学马克思主义研究[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2008:97.
    75福斯特.生态危机与资本主义[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2006:95.
    76马尔库塞著、张峰等译.单向度的人[M].重庆:重庆出版社,1993:122-123.
    77William Leiss,The Limits to Satisfaction[M]. Toronto: University o f Toronto Press,1976:107.
    78John Bellamy Foster. Ecology Against Capitalism[M]. New York: Monthly Review Press,2002:47
    79Andre Gorz. Capitalism, Socialism, Ecology[M]. London and New York: Verso,1994, pp.32
    80Herbert Marcuse. Counter-revolution and Revolt[M]. Boston: Beacon Press,1972, pp.104—105
    81平狄克、鲁宾费尔德.微观经济学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社(第四版),2000:581.
    82D.诺斯.经济史中的结构与变迁[M].上海:三联书店、上海人民出版社,1994:2.
    83凡勃伦.有闲阶级论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997:139.
    84康芒斯.制度经济学(上册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1962:57—58.
    85D.诺斯.经济史中的结构与变迁[M].上海:三联书店、上海人民出版社,1994:225—226.
    86D.诺斯.制度、制度变迁与经济绩效[M].上海:三联书店,1994:3一5.
    87张宇燕.经济发展与制度选择[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1993:252一254.
    88卢现祥.西方新制度经济学[M].北京:中国发展出版社,1996:28一30页.
    89袁庆民.新制度经济学[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2005:259.
    90R.科斯,A.阿尔钦,D.诺思等.财产权利与制度变迁[M].上海:三联书店,1994:251一377.
    91杨金森.海洋强国的经验教训与发展模式[J].中国海洋经济评论,2007(00):101-123.
    92黑格尔.历史哲学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1989.
    93(美)马汉,安常容等(译).海权对历史的影响(1660-1783)[M].北京:中国人民解放军出版社,2006.
    97李珠江,朱坚真.21世纪中国海洋经济发展战略[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2007:57.
    98张坤.21世纪加拿大海洋战略.[2005-12-18].http://www.comra.org/dyzl/050729.htm.
    99宋国明.英国海洋资源与产业管理[J].国土资源情报2010(4):6-10.
    100高战朝.英国海洋综合能力建设状况[J].海洋信息2004(3):29-30.
    102张景全.日本的海权观及海洋战略初探[J].当代亚太,2005(5):35—40.
    103吉野作造.明治文化集(第2卷),日本评论社,1928.
    104Yohei Sasakawa,Reflections on Marine Day,Ship&Ocean Newsletter Selected Papers,no.95,(July20,2004),p.10.
    105刘岩,李明杰.21世纪的日本海洋政策建议[N].中国海洋报,2006-04-07(3).
    106徐质斌.中国海洋经济发展战略研究[M].广州:广东经济出版社,2007:1-18.
    107褚金同.海洋能资源开发利用[M].北京:化学出版社,2005:50-117.
    108国家海洋局科技司,国家海洋局信息中心译.欧洲综合海洋科学计划[R]·2003.
    109世界海洋经济发展态势[N].市场报,2005-07-11(9);马涛,任文伟,陈家宽.上海市发展海洋经济的战略思考[J].海洋开发与管理,2007,24(1):96-100.
    110杜大昌编著.海洋环境保护与国际法[M].北京:海洋出版社,1990.3—4.
    111王敏旋.世界海洋经济发达国家发展战略趋势和启示[J].新远见,2012(3):40-45.
    114《孙中山全集》(第二集),北京:中华书局,1956:79.
    115部分功能区名称参考中国海洋局.全国海洋功能区划概要[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.
    116M.J.Fatrell, The Measurement of Productive Efficiency[J].Journal of the Royal StatisticalSociety,1957,120(3):253—290.
    117Fare,Rolf,Shawna Grosskoft,Mary Norris,Productivity Growth, Technical progress,and efficiencyChange in industrialized countries:reply[J].American Economic Review,1997(87):1040-1044..
    [118]刘芍佳,孙霈,刘乃全.终极产权论、股权结构及公司效率[J].经济研究,2003(4):51-93.
    [4]B.Golany, Y.Roll, An Application Procedure for DEA[J].OMEGA Int. J. of Mgmt Sci.,1989,17(3):237-250.
    120姚伟峰,邱询旻,杨武.中国企业产权结构对技术效率影响实证研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2008(12):137-140.
    121余修斌,任若恩.全要素生产率、技术效率、技术进步之间的关系及测算[J].北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),2000(2):18-23.
    [1]马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1995.
    [2]马克思恩格斯选集(第4卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1995.
    [3]马克思恩格斯全集(第3卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,2002.
    [4]马克思恩格斯全集(第20卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1971.
    [5]马克思恩格斯全集(第13卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1962.
    [6]马克思恩格斯全集(第23卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1972.
    [7]马克思.资本论(第1卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1975.
    [8]马克思.资本论(第3卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1975.
    [9]马克思.1848年经济学哲学手稿[M].北京:人民出版社,2000.
    [10]D.诺斯.经济史中的结构与变迁[M].上海:三联书店,上海人民出版社,1994.
    [11]D.诺斯.制度、制度变迁与经济绩效[M].上海:三联书店,1994.
    [12]凡勃伦.有闲阶级论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997.
    [13]康芒斯.制度经济学(上册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1962.
    [14]R.科斯,A.阿尔钦,D.诺思,等.财产权利与制度变迁[M].上海:三联书店,1994.
    [15][美]J.M.阿姆斯特朗,P.C.赖纳(著).美国海洋管理[M].林宝法,郭家梁,吴润华(译),北京:海洋出版社,1986.
    [16][加]E.M.鲍基斯.海洋管理与联合国[M].北京:海洋出版社,1996.
    [17]赫尔曼.戴利,等,珍惜地球——经济学、生态学、伦理学[M].北京:商务印书馆,2001.
    [18]福斯特.生态危机与资本主义[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2006.
    [19]平狄克,鲁宾费尔德.微观经济学(第四版)[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2000.
    [20]黑格尔.历史哲学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1989.
    [21]丹尼斯·米都斯,等.增长的极限——罗马俱乐部关于人类困境的报告[M].李宝恒译,长春:吉林人民出版社,1997.
    [22]芭芭拉·沃德、勒内·杜博斯.只有一个地球——对一个小小行星的关怀和维护[M].国外公害丛书编委会译,长春:吉林人民出版社,1997.
    [23]吉野作造.明治文化集(第2卷)[M].日本评论社,1928.
    [24]世界环境与发展委员会.我们共同的未来[M].王之佳,柯金良译,长春:吉林人民出版社,1997.
    [25]马尔库塞著、张峰等译.单向度的人[M].重庆:重庆出版社,1993.
    [26](美)马汉.海权对历史的影响(1660-1783)[M].安常容等(译),北京:中国人民解放军出版社,2006.
    [27]《孙中山全集》(第二集)[M].北京:中华书局,1956.
    [28]蒋铁民.中国海洋区域经济研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,1990.
    [29]杨金森.中国海洋开发战略[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1990.
    [30]杜大昌编著.海洋环境保护与国际法[M].北京:海洋出版社,1990.
    [31]张宇燕.经济发展与制度选择[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1993.
    [32]卢现祥.西方新制度经济学[M].北京:中国发展出版社,1996.
    [33]鹿守本.海洋管理通论[M].北京:海洋出版社,1997.
    [34]张德贤.海洋经济可持续发展理论研究[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2000.
    [35]万以诚,万岍选.新文明的路标——人类绿色运动史上的经典文献[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2000.
    [36]管华诗,王曙光.海洋管理概论[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2003.
    [37]徐质斌,牛福增.海洋经济学教程[M].北京:经济科学出版,2003.
    [38]孙斌,徐质斌.海洋经济学[M].济南:山东教育出版社,2004.
    [39]袁庆民.新制度经济学[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2005.
    [40]褚金同.海洋能资源开发利用[M].北京:化学出版社,2005.
    [41]徐质斌.中国海洋经济发展战略研究[M].广州:广东经济出版社,2007.
    [42]徐胜.海洋经济绿色核算研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2007.
    [43]李珠江,朱坚真.21世纪中国海洋经济发展战略[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2007.
    [44]封志明.资源科学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
    [45]王琪等.海洋管理从理念到制度[M].北京:海洋出版社,2007.
    [46]纪建悦,林则夫.环渤海地区海洋经济发展的支柱产业研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2007..
    [47]曾文婷.生态学马克思主义研究[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2008..
    [48]刘容子,吴姗姗.环渤海地区海洋资源对经济发展的承载能力研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
    [49]帅学明,朱坚真.海洋综合管理概论[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2009.
    [50]韩增林,王泽宇.海洋循环经济发展模式与布局研究——以辽宁省为例[M].大连:辽宁师范大学出版社,2009..
    [51]朱坚真.海洋资源经济学[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2010.
    [52]朱坚真:海洋经济学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
    [53]中国国家海洋局.中国海洋发展报告(2011)[M].北京:海洋出版社,2011.
    [54]中国国家海洋局.全国海洋功能区划概要[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.
    [55]章道真.收回渔业贷款的几种做法[J].中国金融,1955(15):23.
    [56]张达广.新中国海运地理十年[J].陕西师范大学学报,1960(1):101-125+127-128..
    [57]陈汉欣,林幸青.我国港口布局原則的初步探討[J].中山大学学报,1961(3):69-76.
    [58]广东省湛江专署水产局.关于海洋捕捞渔业社队经营管理的几个问题的探讨[J].中国水产,1964(8):21-22.
    [59]夏世福.渤、黄、东海渔轮技术经济分析[J].海洋水产研究丛刊,1963.
    [60]钟海运.外主要港口对“C&F”和“CIF”价格条件的解释和运用[J].国际贸易问题,1975(2):32-36.
    [61]孙凤山.海洋经济学的研究对象、任务和方法[J].海洋开发,1985(3):66-70.
    [62]权锡鉴.海洋经济学初探[J].东岳论丛,1986(4):20-25.
    [63]张耀光.海洋经济地理研究与其在我国的进展[J].经济地理,1988(2):152-155.
    [64]杨金森.海洋资源的战略地位[J].海洋与海岸带开发,1991(3):23-26.
    [65]吴克勤.海洋资源经济学及其发展[J].海洋信息,1994(2):1-2.
    [66]余修斌,任若恩.全要素生产率、技术效率、技术进步之间的关系及测算[J].北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),2000(2):18-23.
    [67]陈万灵:海洋经济学理论体系的探讨[J].海洋开发与管理,2001(3):18-21.
    [68]张耀光,崔立军.辽宁区域海洋经济布局机理与可持续发展.地理研究,2001(3):155-160.
    [69]安筱鹏,韩增林,杨荫凯.国际集装箱枢纽港的形成演化机理与发展模式研究.地理研究,2002(4):283-390.
    [70]韩增林,刘桂春.海洋经济可持续发展的定量化研究[J].地域研究与开发,2003,22(3):1-5.
    [71]刘芍佳,孙霈,刘乃全.终极产权论、股权结构及公司效率[J].经济研究,2003(4):51-93.
    [72]王琪,高中文,何广顺.关于构建海洋经济学理论体系的设想[J].海洋开发与管理,2004(1):67-71.
    [73]高战朝.英国海洋综合能力建设状况[J].海洋信息,2004(3):29-30.
    [74]伍业锋,赵明利,施平.美国海洋政策的最新动向及其对中国的启示[J].海洋信息,2005(4):29-32.
    [75]修斌.日本海洋战略研究的动向[J].日本学刊,2005(2):37-52.
    [76]刘新华,秦仪.论中国的海洋观念和海洋政策[J].毛泽东邓小平理论研究,2005(3):70-75.
    [77]张景全.日本的海权观及海洋战略初探[J].当代亚太,2005(5):35-40.
    [78]韩增林,狄乾斌.海域承载力的理论与评价方法研究[J].地域研究与开发,2006(1):1-5.
    [79]姜旭朝,张晓燕.中国涉海产业类上市公司资本结构与公司绩效实证分析[J].产业经济评论,2006(2):88-98.
    [80]刘康,姜国建.海洋产业界定与海洋经济统计分析[J].中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2006(3):1-5.
    [81]石莉.美国的新海洋管理体制[J].海洋信息,2006(3):24-26.
    [82]朱凤岚.亚太国家的海洋政策及其影响[J].当代亚太,2006(5):30-36.
    [83]张耀光,刘锴,王圣云.关于中国海洋经济地域系统时空特征研究[J].地理科学进展,2006(5):34-37.
    [84]杨虎涛.两种不同的生态观——马克思生态经济思想与演化经济学稳态经济理论比较[J].武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(6):735-740;
    [85]孟方.欧盟新海事政策绿皮书解读[J].中国船检,2006(9):70-71.
    [86]杨金森.海洋强国的经验教训与发展模式[J].中国海洋经济评论,2007(00):101-123.
    [87]马涛,任文伟,陈家宽.上海市发展海洋经济的战略思考[J].海洋开发与管理,2007,24(1):96-100.
    [88]于谨凯,李宝星.我国海洋产业市场效率评价及改进研究——基于Rabah Amir模型、SC P范式的解释[J].产业经济研究,2007(2):2-9.
    [89]马志荣.海洋意识重塑:中国海权迷失的现代思考[J].中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2007(3):19-22.
    [90]戴桂林,公维晓.我国海洋经济发展政策[J].中国水运(学术版),2007(3):251-252.
    [91]韩立民,都晓岩.海洋产业布局若干理论问题研究.中国海洋大学学报,2007(3):20-21.
    [92]金永明.日本的海洋立法新动向及对我国的启示[J].法学.2007(5):142-149.
    [93]乔翔.中西方海洋经济理论研究的比较分析[J].中州学刊,2007(6):38-41.
    [94]张伯玉.日本通过第一部海洋大法[J].世界知识,2007(9):32-33.
    [95]刘康.海岸带承载力影响因素与评估指标体系初探[J].中国海洋大学学报(社科版),2008(4):8-11.
    [96]刘百桥.中国海洋功能区划体系发展构想[J].海洋开发与管理,2008,25(7):19-23.
    [97]韩立民,栾秀芝.海域承载力研究综述[J].海洋开发与管理,2008(9):32-36.
    [98]刘曙光,姜旭朝.中国海洋经济研究30年:回顾与展望[J].中国工业经济,2008(11):153-160.
    [99]姚伟峰,邱询旻,杨武.中国企业产权结构对技术效率影响实证研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2008(12):137-140.
    [100]朱炳元.关于《资本论》中的生态思想[J].马克思主义研究,2009(1):46—55+159.
    [101]马彩华,等.海域承载力与海洋生态补偿的关系研究[J].中国渔业经济,2009(3):106-110.
    [102]姜旭朝,张继华,林强.蓝色经济研究动态[J].山东社会科学,2010(1):105-114.
    [103]刘涛,曹广忠,等.区域产业布局模式识别:指标体系与实证验证[J].地理科学,2010(2):190-196.
    [104]崔力拓.河北省海域承载力多层次模糊综合评价[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2010(2):26-31.
    [105]李志伟,崔力拓.河北省近海海域承载力评价研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2010(4):87-74.
    [106]宋国明.英国海洋资源与产业管理[J].国土资源情报2010(4):6-10.
    [107]万希平.生态马克思主义的理论价值与当代意义[J].理论探索,2010(5):32—35,50.
    [108]朱坚真,闫玉科.海洋经济学研究取向及其下一步[J].改革,2010(11):152-155.
    [109]周秋麟,周通.国外海洋经济研究进展[J].海洋经济,2011(1):43-52.
    [110]王敏旋.世界海洋经济发达国家发展战略趋势和启示[J].新远见,2012(3):40-45.
    [111]陈明建.海洋功能区划中的空间关系模型及其GIS实现(以莱州湾为例)[D].青岛:中国海洋大学海洋环境学院,2003.
    [112]都晓岩.泛黄海地区海洋产业布局研究[D].中国海洋大学博士学位论文,2008.
    [113]付会.海洋生态承载力研究[D].中国海洋大学博士学位论文,2009.
    [114]徐敬俊.海洋产业布局的基本理论研究暨实证分析[D].中国海洋大学博士论文,2010.
    [115]纪明.低碳经济背景下的碳博弈问题研究[D].吉林大学博士学位论文,2011.
    [116]刘岩,李明杰.21世纪的日本海洋政策建议[N].中国海洋报,2006-04-07(3).
    [117]孙志辉.撑起海洋战略新产业[N].人民日报,2010-01-04(20).
    [118]胡锦涛,坚定不移沿着中国特色社会主义道路前进为全面建成小康社会而奋斗[N].人民日报,2012-11-09(1).
    [119]国家海洋局科技司,国家海洋局信息中心译.欧洲综合海洋科学计划[R].2003.
    [120]张坤.21世纪加拿大海洋战略[EB/OL].[2005-12-18].http://www.comra.org/dyzl/050729.htm.
    [121]Herbert Marcuse.Counter-revolution and Revolt[M]. Boston: Beacon Press,1972.
    [122]William Leiss.The Limits to Satisfaction[M]. Toronto: University of TorontoPress,1976.
    [123] Martinez-Alier, J..Ecological economics: Energy, environment, and society[M].Blackwell, Cambridge, MA.1987.
    [124]William Leiss.The Limits to Satisfaction: An Essay on the Problem of Need andCommodities[M]. McGill: Queen’s University Press,1988.
    [125]Costanza, R., ed..Ecological economics: the science and management ofsustainability[M]. New York: Columbia University Press,1991.
    [126]Reiner Grundmann: Marxism and Ecology[M]. Oxford:Oxford UniversityPress,1991.
    [127]Wackernagel.Mathis with the Task Force on Healthy and SustainableCommunities, UBC. How big is our ecological footprint: Using the concept ofappropriated carrying capacity for measuring sustainability [M]. Vancouver,British Columbia: UBC Task Force on Healthy and Sustainable Communities,University of British Columbia. First printing1993, revised1994.
    [128]Andre Gorz.Capitalism, Socialism, Ecology[M]. London and New York: Verso,1994.
    [129] Wackernagel, Mathis,William Rees.Our ecological footprint [M]. Gabriola,British Columbia and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: New Society Publishers,1995.
    [130]Herman. E. Daly.Beyond Growth: The Economics of Sustainable Development
    [M]. Boston: Beacon Press Books,1996.
    [131]John Bellamy Foster.Ecology Against Capitalism[M]. New York: MonthlyReview Press,2002.
    [132]Fatrell M.J..The Measurement of Productive Efficiency[J].Journal of the RoyalStatistical Society,1957,120(3):253—290.
    [133]Daly, Herman.On Economics as a Life Science[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1968,76:392-406.
    [134]Clark, C. W..The economics of overexploitation[J]. Science.1973,181:630-634
    [135]Rimmer,P,J..A conceptual framework for examining urban and regionaltransport needs in Southeast Asia[J].Pacific View,1977,57(1):88-100.
    [136]Pontecorvo G.,Wilkinson M.,et al.,Contribution of the Ocean Sector to the U.S.Economy[J]. Science,1980,208:1000-1006.
    [137]Cook, E..The Consumer as Creator: A Criticism of Faith in Limitless Ingenuity[J]. Energy Exploration and Exploitation,1982(3):194.
    [138]Briggs, H..Townsend, R., Wilson, J., An Input—output Analysis of Maine’sFisheries[J].Marine Fisheries Review,1983,44(1):1—7.
    [139]Fare,Rolf,Shawna Grosskoft,Mary Norris.Productivity Growth, Technicalprogress,and efficiency Change in industrialized countries:reply[J].AmericanEconomic Review,1997(87):1040-1044.
    [140]Cleveland, C. J..Biophysical economics: historical perspective and currentresearch trends[J]. Ecological Modeling,1987,38:47-74.
    [141]Hayuth,Y..Rationalization and deconcentration of the us container portsystem[J].Professional Geographer,1988,40(5):279-288.
    [142]Proops, J. L. R.. Ecological economics: rationale and problem areas[J].Ecological Economics.1989,1:59-76.
    [143]Costanza, R.. What is ecological economics?[J]. Ecological Economics,1989,1:1-7.
    [144]Victor, P.. Indicators of sustainable development: some lessons from capitaltheory[J]. Ecological Economics,1991,4:191-213.
    [145]Costanza, R., H. E. Daly.Natural capital and sustainable development[J].Conservation Biology,1992,6:37-46.
    [146]Golley, F. B.. Rebuilding a humane and ethical decision system for investing innatural capital[J]. in: A. M. Jansson, M. Hammer, C. Folke, and R. Costanza,eds., Investing in natural capital: the ecological economics approach tosustainability,Washington DC: Island press.1994:169-178.
    [147]Di Jin, Hauke L. Kite-Powell, Eric Thunberg, Andrew R. Solow, Wayne K.Talley.A Model of Fishing Vessel Accident Probability [J]. Journal of SafetyResearch,2002,33:497–510.
    [148]Di Jin, Porter Hoagland, Tracey Morin Dalton.Methods Linking Economic andEcological Models for a Marine Ecosystem [J]. Ecological Economics,2003,46(3):367—385.
    [149]Yohei Sasakawa. Reflections on Marine Day[J]. hip&Ocean NewsletterSelected Papers,2004(95):10.
    [150]Geoff W Escott.The theory and practice of coastal area planning: linkingstrategic planning to local communities[J].Coastal Marragement,2004,32:95-100.
    [151]Shunsuke Managi, James J. Opaluch, Di Jin, Thomas A. Grigalunas.Technological Change and Petroleum Exploration in the Gulf of MexicoOriginal Research Article[J].Energy Policy,2005,33(5):619-632.
    [152]Gouverna,Elisabeth, etal.. Dynamics of change in the port system of the westernMediterranean Sea[J].Maritime policy and management,2005(2):107-121.
    [153]Ir. Cathy Plasman.Implementing marine spatial planning: A policy perspective[J]. Marine Policy,2008,32:811-815.
    [154]Paul M,Gilliland A.,Dan Laffoley.Key elements and steps in the process ofdeveloping ecosystem based marine spatial planning [J].Marine Policy,2008,32:787-789.
    [155]Larry Crowder, Elliott Norse. Essential ecological insights for marine ecosystembased management marine spatial[J]. Marine policy,2008,32:772-778.
    [156]Malte Faber.How to be an Ecological Economist[J]. Ecological Economics.2008,66(1):1-7.
    [157]Stefan Baumgartner, Martin Quaas.What is sustainability economics?[J].Ecological Economics.2010,69(3):445-450.
    [158]Marine Policy.University of Wollongong, Australia,2004(5);Alistair Mcllgorm.What can measuring the marine economies of Southeast Asia tell us in times ofeconomic and environmental change?[J]. Tropical Coasts,2009,16(1):40-49.16(1):40-49.
    [159]B.Golany, Y.Roll.An Application Procedure for DEA[J].OMEGA Int. J. ofMgmt Sci.,1989,17(3):237-250.
    [160]Alistair Mcllgorm. Economic value of the marine sector across the APECmarine economies [R]. Draft report to the APEC marine resource conservationworking group project,The Centre for
    [161]Holling, C. S.. The resilience of terrestrial ecosystems: local surprise and globalchange[A].//: Clark, W. C. and Munn, R. E.(Editors), Sustainable Developmentof the Biosphere,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1986:292-317.
    [162]Costanza, R.,B. M.. Hannon.Dealing with the “mixed units” problem inecosystem network analysis[A]//: Wulff F., Field J. G., Mann K. H.,eds..Network analysis of marine ecosystems: methods and applications,Coastal andEstuarine Studies Series, Springer-Verlag, Heidleberg.1989:90-115.
    [163]Boulding, K..The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth[A]//: Jarrett H.,ed., Environmental Quality in a Growing Economy,Baltimore:The JohnsHopkins University Press,1966:3-14.
    [164]El Serafy, S.. The environment as capital[A]//: Costanza R., Ecologicaleconomics: The science and management of sustainability, New York:Columbia University Press,1991:168-175.
    [165]Viederman, S.. Public policy: challenge to ecological economics[A]//: Jansson A.M., Hammer M., Folke C., Costanza R.,eds., Investing in natural capital: theecological economics approach to sustainability, Washington DC: Island Press.1994:467-490.
    [166]Rorholm Niels. Economic impact of marine—oriented activities:A study of thesouthern New England marine region[C].University of Rhode Island, Dept. ofFood and Resouce Economics,1967:132.
    [167]Gross Product Originating from Ocean——Related Activities, Bureau ofEconomic Analysis [C].Washington DC,1974.
    [168]Fishery and Oceans Canada.Canada’s oceans action plan for present and future
    [C/OL].[2005-12-18].http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/oceans-habitat/oceans/oap-pao/pdf/oap_e.pdf.
    [169]NERC.Oceans2025[C/OL].[2008-12-16].http://www.oceans2025.org/PDFs/Oceans_2025.pdf.
    [170]The Committee of Ocean Policy.U.S Action Plan [C/OL].[2008-12-16].http://ocean.ceq.gov/oap-update012207.pdf.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700