内置旋转扭带强化传热机理及清洗动力学研究
|
摘要
换热设备的低效率和污垢沉积问题一直是一个世界性的难题。研究开发的旋转清洗扭带技术具有强化传热和污垢在线清洗的双重功效，用旋转扭带制作和改造的换热器，能够长期保持高效率运行。
本文针对旋转扭带的强化传热机理和清洗动力学，开展了许多研究工作，主要包括以下几个方面的内容：
(1) 内置旋转扭带管流动和湍流特性实验研究
应用激光测试技术对内置旋转扭带管和普通光管内流体的流动进行了对比实验研究。研究结果表明：内置旋转扭带管内流体的轴向速度场、切向速度场、轴向湍流度和切向湍流度的分布规律与光管相比有着明显的不同。内置旋转扭带管内近管壁区流体的轴向速度明显比光管的大；内置旋转扭带管内流体有着明显的切向运动，而光管内流体只有随机的切向运动；内置旋转扭带管内流体的湍流强度场比光管的大。依据内置旋转扭带管和光管速度场和湍流强度场的实验结果，对旋转扭带强化传热的机理进行了初步分析。
(2) 内置扭带管流动与传热数值模拟
对内置旋转扭带管内流体的流动进行了分析，根据内置旋转扭带管流体的旋流场特点，提出了旋转扭带虚拟等效静螺距的概念，即将流体在内置旋转扭带管内的螺旋运动虚拟等效为在螺距增大的静止扭带管内的螺旋运动。
建立了内置螺旋扭带管流动和传热三维模型。应用能充分反映旋流场流动特性的RNG κ-ε模型对内置旋转扭带管、内置静止扭带管、内置旋转扭带虚拟等效静止扭带管和光管的流动和传热进行了数值模拟。
数值模拟研究结果表明：内置扭带管内流体的流动是复杂的三维螺旋流动，其速度场和湍流强度场不同于普通光管；螺旋扭带的扭率对流体流动的压力降和传热有很大的影响；模拟发现内置旋转扭带管内有二次流流动，而内置旋转扭带虚拟为螺距增大的静止扭带后，管内没有发现二次流动；内置旋转扭带虚拟等效为螺距增大的静止扭带后，二者的传热特性和阻力特性并非完全相同。速度场和湍流强度场的数值模拟结果与激光测试进行了比较，二者非常吻合。
(3) 内置旋转扭带管传热强化机理研究
在内置旋转扭带管流场的激光测试和数值模拟研究工作的基础上，提出旋转扭带强化传热的机理有：①换热管的当量直径减少效应强化；②近管壁区域流速加大效应强化；③螺旋线流动流速加大效应强化；④二次流流动流速加大效应强化。对螺旋扭带的这些强化传热机理进行了定量的理论分析研究。
The question of the low efficiency and fouling deposit for heat exchangers has been a worldwide difficult problem all the time. The cleaning technology of a self-rotating twisted tape has been developed, which has double functions of heat transfer enhancement and online cleaning fouling. Heat exchangers, which are made and transformed with rotating cleaning twisted tapes, can keep running with the high efficiency.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the heat transfer enhancement mechanism and cleaning dynamics of a rotating twisted tape. The investigation is focused on the following aspects.
(1) Experimental investigation of the flow and turbulent characteristics in the tube with a self-rotating twisted tape insert
The flow and turbulent characteristics in the tube with and without a self-rotating twisted tape insert are investigated experimentally by using Laser Doppler Velocimeter.
The results show the flow flied of the axial velocity, the tangential velocity, the axial turbulence intensity and the tangential turbulence intensity in the tube with and without a self-rotating twisted tape insert are obviously different. The axial flow velocity near the tube wall area in the tube with a self-rotating twisted tape insert is higher than that of the smooth tube. There are distinct tangential motions in the tube with a self-rotating twisted tape insert, but there are only random tangential motions in the smooth tube. The turbulence intensity in the tube with a self-rotating twisted tape insert is higher than that of the smooth tube. According to experimental results of the velocity and turbulence intensity flied in the tube with a self-rotating twisted tape insert, the heat transfer enhancement mechanisms are initially analyzed.
(2) Numerical simulation of the fluid flow and heat transfer in the tube with a twisted tape insert
The fluid flow in the tube with a self-rotating twisted tape insert is analyzed. According to the tangential motion characteristic of the swirl flow field in the tube with a self-rotating twisted tape insert, a conception of a self-rotating twisted tape being dummied as an equivalent still twisted-tape is put forward, which shows that the helix motion of the fluid in the tube with a self-rotating twisted tape insert can be dummied as the helix motion in the tube with a still twisted tape insert, which the twist ratios of the still twisted tape is augmented.
本文针对旋转扭带的强化传热机理和清洗动力学，开展了许多研究工作，主要包括以下几个方面的内容：
(1) 内置旋转扭带管流动和湍流特性实验研究
应用激光测试技术对内置旋转扭带管和普通光管内流体的流动进行了对比实验研究。研究结果表明：内置旋转扭带管内流体的轴向速度场、切向速度场、轴向湍流度和切向湍流度的分布规律与光管相比有着明显的不同。内置旋转扭带管内近管壁区流体的轴向速度明显比光管的大；内置旋转扭带管内流体有着明显的切向运动，而光管内流体只有随机的切向运动；内置旋转扭带管内流体的湍流强度场比光管的大。依据内置旋转扭带管和光管速度场和湍流强度场的实验结果，对旋转扭带强化传热的机理进行了初步分析。
(2) 内置扭带管流动与传热数值模拟
对内置旋转扭带管内流体的流动进行了分析，根据内置旋转扭带管流体的旋流场特点，提出了旋转扭带虚拟等效静螺距的概念，即将流体在内置旋转扭带管内的螺旋运动虚拟等效为在螺距增大的静止扭带管内的螺旋运动。
建立了内置螺旋扭带管流动和传热三维模型。应用能充分反映旋流场流动特性的RNG κ-ε模型对内置旋转扭带管、内置静止扭带管、内置旋转扭带虚拟等效静止扭带管和光管的流动和传热进行了数值模拟。
数值模拟研究结果表明：内置扭带管内流体的流动是复杂的三维螺旋流动，其速度场和湍流强度场不同于普通光管；螺旋扭带的扭率对流体流动的压力降和传热有很大的影响；模拟发现内置旋转扭带管内有二次流流动，而内置旋转扭带虚拟为螺距增大的静止扭带后，管内没有发现二次流动；内置旋转扭带虚拟等效为螺距增大的静止扭带后，二者的传热特性和阻力特性并非完全相同。速度场和湍流强度场的数值模拟结果与激光测试进行了比较，二者非常吻合。
(3) 内置旋转扭带管传热强化机理研究
在内置旋转扭带管流场的激光测试和数值模拟研究工作的基础上，提出旋转扭带强化传热的机理有：①换热管的当量直径减少效应强化；②近管壁区域流速加大效应强化；③螺旋线流动流速加大效应强化；④二次流流动流速加大效应强化。对螺旋扭带的这些强化传热机理进行了定量的理论分析研究。
The question of the low efficiency and fouling deposit for heat exchangers has been a worldwide difficult problem all the time. The cleaning technology of a self-rotating twisted tape has been developed, which has double functions of heat transfer enhancement and online cleaning fouling. Heat exchangers, which are made and transformed with rotating cleaning twisted tapes, can keep running with the high efficiency.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the heat transfer enhancement mechanism and cleaning dynamics of a rotating twisted tape. The investigation is focused on the following aspects.
(1) Experimental investigation of the flow and turbulent characteristics in the tube with a self-rotating twisted tape insert
The flow and turbulent characteristics in the tube with and without a self-rotating twisted tape insert are investigated experimentally by using Laser Doppler Velocimeter.
The results show the flow flied of the axial velocity, the tangential velocity, the axial turbulence intensity and the tangential turbulence intensity in the tube with and without a self-rotating twisted tape insert are obviously different. The axial flow velocity near the tube wall area in the tube with a self-rotating twisted tape insert is higher than that of the smooth tube. There are distinct tangential motions in the tube with a self-rotating twisted tape insert, but there are only random tangential motions in the smooth tube. The turbulence intensity in the tube with a self-rotating twisted tape insert is higher than that of the smooth tube. According to experimental results of the velocity and turbulence intensity flied in the tube with a self-rotating twisted tape insert, the heat transfer enhancement mechanisms are initially analyzed.
(2) Numerical simulation of the fluid flow and heat transfer in the tube with a twisted tape insert
The fluid flow in the tube with a self-rotating twisted tape insert is analyzed. According to the tangential motion characteristic of the swirl flow field in the tube with a self-rotating twisted tape insert, a conception of a self-rotating twisted tape being dummied as an equivalent still twisted-tape is put forward, which shows that the helix motion of the fluid in the tube with a self-rotating twisted tape insert can be dummied as the helix motion in the tube with a still twisted tape insert, which the twist ratios of the still twisted tape is augmented.
引文
1 林宗虎．强化传热及其工程应用．北京：机械工业出版社，1987
2 Webb R L. Principles of enhanced heat transfer. New York: John Wiley& Sons, INC. A. Wiley-InterscieneePublication, 1994
3 Steinhagen R, Steinhagen H M, Maani K. Problems and Costs due to Heat Exchanger Fouling in New Zealand Industry. Heat Transfer Engineering, 1993, 14(1): 19-30
4 Somercalece E F C, Knudsen J G.. Fouling of heat transfer equipment. Hemisphere Pub. Co., 1981
5 余德渊．我国换热器研究及其工业化进展．北京：化工出版社，1988
6 杨秀倬．管壳式换热器的高压水冲洗．化工炼油机械，1983，(3)：35
7 舒海涛．炼油催化装置冷凝器重沸器运行报告．天津：全国化工炼油机械情报网换热器技术会议，1991．8
8 代宁波，蒋克斌，石莉．炼油循环水系统水冷器失效案例分析．腐蚀与防护，2004．25(5)：225-227
9 Garrett-pdce B A. Fouling of heat exchangers. Characteristics. Cost. Prevention Control and Removal. New Jersey: Noyes Publication, 1985
10 Thackery P A. The cost of fouling in heat exchanger plant. Effluent and water treatment J., 1980, 20: 112-115
11 俞秀民．传热设备污垢防治的重大经济意义．化学清洗，1995，11(3)：22-25
12 杨善让，徐志明，孙灵芳．换热设备的污垢与对策．第2版．北京：科学出版社，2004
13 俞秀民，宁立伟，俞天兰，等．冷冻机组水冷器污垢经济损失研究报告．湖南工程学院学报，2002，12(2)：21-23
14 俞秀民，俞天兰，彭德其．传热面流体动力机械在线自动清洗防垢技术及其新发展．湖南工程学院学报，2002，20(5)：1-11
15 徐志明，杨善让，郭淑青，等．电站凝汽器污垢费用估算．中国动力工程学报，2005，25(1)：102-106
16 徐志明，杨善让，郭淑青，等．电站锅炉污垢费用估算．中国电机工程学报，2004，24(2)：197-200
17 杨述．QL800-1型循环泵在我厂制盐生产上的运用．海湖盐与化工，1998，27(6)：24-26
18 Bergles A E. Heat transfer enhancement-the maturing of second-generation heat transfer technology. Heat Transfer Engineering, 1997, 18 (1): 47-55
19 Rabas T J. Selection of the energy-efficient enhancement geometry for single-phase turbulent flow inside tubes. Heat Transfer Equipment fundamentals, Design, Application and Operation Problems. ASME, New York, HTD, 1989, 108: 193-204
20 顾维藻，神家锐，马重芳，等．强化传热。北京：科学出版社，1990
21 Kays W M，London A L．紧凑式热交换器．宣益民，张后雷译．北京：科学出版社，1997
22 宁书鳌，王志曾．高速喷流换热器的应用．冶金能源，1994，(2)：28-29
23 李文凯，孔凡成，王军明．旋流式空气预热器在410gh煤粉炉上的应用．节能技术，2001，19(4)：39-41
24 张宝剑，庄正宁，李江荣．板式换热器在回收低温余热技术中的应用．节能，2003，(1)：38-40
25 Gary trumpfheller. Selecting the appropriate type of heat exchanger. Chemical processing, 1998, 61(1): 59-63
26 朱迪珠．国产大型板壳式换热器在重整装置应用．石油化工设备，2000，29(4)：29-30
27 余敏，李美玲，蔡祖恢，等．板翅式换热器在大型电站汽轮发电机冷却系统中的应用研究．动力工程，1998，18(5)：54-76
28 凌祥，周帼彦，涂善东，等．板翅式换热器新技术及应用．石油化工设备，2002，31(2)：1-4
29 邓先和，徐国想，张亚君．板棒式换热器传热性能分析(Ⅰ)—圆柱肋棒的传热效率．华南理工大学学报，2001，29(1)：38-39
30 邓先和，徐国想，张亚君．板棒式换热器传热性能分析(Ⅱ)—换热器结构的优化设计．华南理工大学学报，2001，29(2)．51-53
31 Mukherjee R. Effective design shell-and-tube heat exchangers. Chemical Engineering Proeess, 1998, (2): 21-37
32 刘阿龙，徐宏，王学生，等．换热器烧结型表面多孔管综述．石油化工设备，2005，34(1)：47-49
33 刘建新，金海波．多孔表面管沸腾传热试验研究．动力工程，1999，19(1)：30-33
34 Lang E, Drtina P, StreiffF, et al. Numerical simulation of the fluid flow and the mixing process in a static mixer. Previews of Heat and Mass Transfer, 21(5), 1995: 443-449
35 姬宜朋，张沛，王丽．Kenics静态混合器的应用及研究进展．塑料科技，2005，(2)：38-46
36 刘素芬，傅新，杨华勇．三维交叉导流式微型静态混合器的研究．机械工程学报，2005，41(4)：132-136
37 Mamer W J, Bergles A E, Chenoweth T M. On the presentation of performance data for enhanced tubes used in shell-and -tube heat exchangers. ASME Journal of Heat transfer, 1983, 105: 358-365
38 Kumar A, Prasad B N. Investigation of twisted tape inserted solar water heaters-heat transfer, friction factor and thermal performance results. Renewable Energy, 2000, 19 (3): 379-398
39 廖强，辛明道．三维内肋管内插入扭带的强化传热实验．工程热物理学报，1994，15(2)：200-204
40 Date A W, Gaitonde U N. Development of correlations for predicting characteristics of laminar flow in a tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted-tape elements. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 3 (4), 1990: 373-382
41 Laoak A K. Heat transfer in tubes with spiral and helical turbulators. J. Heat transfer, Trans. ASME, 1995: 557-559
42 杨善让．螺旋线型除垢装置及强化换热用途[P]．CN2180962Y，1994．10．26
43 Mitsubishi Jukogyo K K. Steel pipe used in research work to improve performance of heat exchanger [P]. JP09280783, 97. 10. 31
44 杨品莲，钱颂文，戴建军，等．管内片条插入物强化传热试验及其性能比较．化工装备技术，2004，25(3)：19-22
45 朱冬生．插入物强化管壳式换热管内高粘度流体的传热．石油炼制与化工，1998，29(7)：39-42
46 林溶端，林清宇，冯庆革，等．换热管内微型液轮机研究．机械工程学报，2001，37(7)：41-43
47 林清宇，林榕端，李培宁．换热管内自动防垢液轮机主要结构参数试验研究．中国机械工程，2004，15(4)：346-348
48 林榕端，林清宇，冯庆革，等．换热管内微型液轮机在线除垢装置[P]．ZL99210377，2000．03．10
49 Gentry C C. ROD baffle heat exchanger technology. CEP, 1990, 86(7): 48-51
50 陆应生，关建郁，陈慕玲，等．整圆槽孔折流栅板和缩放管在中氮肥氮氢气压缩机级间冷却器中的应用．化肥工业，2001，28(1)：29-30
51 曾舟华，钱颂文．低传热“死区"异形孔板纵向流管壳式换热器传热研究．化工设备设计，1997，34(2)：15-17
52 Deng Xianhe, Deng Songjiu. Investigation of heat transfer enhancement of roughened tube bundles supported by ring or ROD supports. Heat Transfer Engineering, 1998, 19(2): 1-27
53 思勤，夏清，梁龙虎，等．螺旋扁管换热器传热与阻力性能．化工学报，1995，46(5)：601-607
54 Kral D, Stehlik P, Vander Ploeg H J, et al. Helical baffles in shell-and-tube heat exchanger, Part Ⅰ: Experimental verification. Heat Transfer Engineering, 1996;17(1): 93-101
55 Taborek J, Aurioles C. Effect of 1988 TEMA standards on mechanical and thermo-hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers. AIChE Symposium Series, 1989, 85(269): 79-83
56 姜培学．王补宣．任泽．微尺度换热器的研究及相关问题的探讨．工程热物理学报，1996，17(3)：328-332
57 陈强，杨静宇，董涛，等．微管道换热器多孔介质模型分析及应用．机械工程学报，2004，(4)：108-113
58 孙宏伟，顾维藻，刘文艳．速度滑移和温度阶跃对微尺度流动和换热的影响．工程热物理学报，1998，19(1)：94-97
59 Philippe Nika, Yannick Bailly, Francois Guermeur. Thermoacousties and related oscillatory heat and fluid flows in micro heat exchangers. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2005, 48 (18): 3773-3792
60 郭航，黄峰，丁良士．微流道换热器内阻力特性的实验研究．制冷，1998，(4)：8-13
61 曹彬，陈光文，袁权．逆流式微通道换热器设计与操作特性分析．化工学报，2005，56(5)：774-778
62 宣益民，李强．纳米流体强化传热研究．工程热物理学报，2000，21(4)：466-470
63 李强．纳米流体强化传热机理研究[博士学位论文]．南京：南京理工大学，2004
64 Choi S U S. Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of Fluids with Nanoparticles, in: Siginer D A, Wang H P, eds., Developments and Applications of Non-Newtonian Flows, New York: ASME, FED, 1995, 66: 99-103
65 Wang X W, Xu X F, Choi S U S. Thermal Conductivity of Nanoparticle-Fluid Mixture. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 1999, 13(4): 474-480
66 Keblinski P, Phillpot S R, Choi S U S, Eastman J A. Mechanisms of Heat Flow in Suspensions of Nano-Sized Particles (Nanofuids). Int. J Heat Mass Transfer, 2002, 45(4): 855-863
67 王补宣，李宏，彭晓峰．吸附作用在纳米颗粒悬浮液换热强化中的试验与机理研究．工程热物理学报，2003，24(4)：664-666
68 周乐平，王补宣．颗粒尺寸与表面吸附对低浓度非金属纳米颗粒悬浮液有效导热系数的影响．自然科学进展，2003，13(4)：426-429
69 谢华清，奚同庚，王锦昌．纳米流体介质导热机理初探．物理学报，2003，52(6)：1444-1449
70 陶文铨，陈在康．计算流体力学与传热学．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1991
71 王定标，董其伍，刘敏珊等．纵流壳程换热器数值模拟应用研究．郑州工业大学学报，1999，20(2)：18-20
72 黄兴华，王启杰，陆震．管壳式换热器壳程流动和传热的三维数值模拟．化工学报，2000，51(3)：297-301
73 俞茂铮，姚秀平，汪国山，等．大功率汽轮机冷凝器汽相流动与传热特性的数值分析．动力工程，1995，15(6)：42-48
74 孙世梅，张红．热管换热器流动与传热的CFD模拟及试验研究．南京工业大学学报，2004，26(2)：62-66
75 孙世梅，张红．热管换热器传热性能及温度场数值模拟研究．化工学报，2004，55(3)：472-475
76 过增元，黄素逸．场协同原理与强化传热新技术．北京：中国电力出版社，2004
77 过增元．对流换热的物理机制及其控制：速度场与热流场的协同．科学通报，2000，45(19)：2118-2122
78 华贲．973项目“高效节能的关键科学问题"研究工作进展和展望．华北电力大学学报，2003，30(5)：5-9
79 Watkinson A P. Fouling of augmented heat transfer tubes. Heat transfer engineering, 1990, 11(3): 5-7
80 日本实用节能机器全书编委会．实用节能全书．北京：化工出版社，1987
81 程立新，杨杰辉．换热设备防结垢技术进展．石油化工设备，2000，21(4)：22-25
82 王睿，丁洁，沈自求．换热设备的结垢机理研究现状．化工进展，1999，32(4)：31-35
83 杨庆峰．换热面上结垢机理与抗垢机理的研究[学位论文]．大连：大连理工大学，1999
84 杨善让，孙灵芳，徐志明．换热设备污垢研究的现状和展望．化工进展，2004， 23 (10): 1091-1098
85 Kerm D Q, Seaton R E. A theoretical analysis of thermal surface fouling. British Chem. Eng, 1959, (4): 258-262
86 Cdttenden B D, Khather E M H. Fouling from vaporizing kerosene, in: Fouling in Heat Exchanger Equipment, Eds., Suitor J W, Pritchard A M, ASME HTD, 1984, 35: 57-64
87 张锁龙，张琳．内置旋流器紊流传热的研究．石油化工高等学院学报，2002，15(2)：56-58
88 邢晓凯，马重芳，陈永昌，等．一种用于污垢监测的温差热阻新方法．石油大学学报，2004，28(5)：70-73
89 贾春霞，张新莲．新型监测换热器控制装置．工业水处理，2004，24(12)：52-55
90 李仲先．循环冷却水的水质稳定与处理．北京：冶金工业出版社，1987
91 郑康民．机械加工表面多孔管抗垢性能的研究[硕士学位论文]．广州：华南理工大学，1996
92 李隆梅，南峰，郑铁明，等．表面多孔涂层管强化传热技术研究．福州大学学报，1997，25(6)：102-107
93 Seo K, Kim Y. Evaporation heat transfer and pressure drop of R22 in 7 and 9.52mm smooth/micro-fin tubes. International Journal of Heat and mass Transfer, 2000, 43(16): 2869-2882
94 Ted W. High flux heat exchange surface allows area to be cut by over 80％. The Oil and Gas Journal, 1971, 69(32): 118-120
95 杨冬，李永星，陈听宽，等．多孔表面管内高沸点工质的强化流动沸腾换热与阻力特性．化工学报，2004，55(10)：1631-1637
96 肖建国．传热强化管的抗垢性能研究[硕士学位论文]．广州：华南理工大学，1989
97 朱冬生，肖建国，谭盈科．轧槽管抗垢性能的试验研究．石油化工设备，1996，25(1)：8-11
98 朱冬生，钱颂文．强化传热技术及其设计应用．化工装备技术，1996，21(6)：1-9
99 Stegelman A F. On-line mechanical cleaning of heat exchanger. Hydrocarbon Processing, 1983
100 王海清，刘秋元，陶忱．冷换设备弹簧在线自动清洗技术的开发及工业应用．石油炼制与化工，1996，27(10)：57-59
101 肖宏亮，朱冬生，谭盈科．管内在线防垢及强化传热的实验研究．热能动力工 程，1997，12(4)：175-277
102 俞秀民，俞天兰，叶施仁，等．列管式水冷设备塑料扭带自动清洗防垢技术．湘潭大学自然科学学报，1998，20(3)：120-123
103 周立，俞天兰，彭德其，等．立式水冷器污垢自动清洗扭带结构优化研究．湘潭大学自然科学学报．2001，23(1)：88-90
104 卿德藩，周立，俞天兰，等．电厂凝汽器污垢自动清洗扭带的阻力特性研究．机械研究与应用，2001，14(2)：3-4
105 柯伟．腐蚀科学技术的应用和失效案例——现代腐蚀科学和防蚀技术全书．北京：化学工业出版社，2006
106 中国腐蚀与防护学会．腐蚀科学与防腐蚀工程技术新进展．北京：化学工业出版社，1999
107 戴树和，王明娥．可靠性工程及其在化工设备中的应用．北京：化学工业出版社，1987
108 Whitham J M. The effect of retarders in fire tubes of steam boilers. Street Railway Journal, 1896, 12(6): 374
109 Royds R. Heat transmission by Radiation, Conduction, and Convection, 1st ed., Constable and Co., London, United Kingdom, 1921
110 Gambill W R, Bundy R D. An Evaluation of the Present Status of Swirl-Flow Heat Transfer. ASME, New York, Paper62-HT-42, 1962
111 Smithberg E, Landis F. Friction and Forced Convection Heat-Transfer Characteristics in Tubes with Twisted Tape Swirl Generators. J. Heat Transfer, Trans. ASME, 1964, 86 (1): 39-49
112 Thorsen R, Landis F. Friction and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Turbulent Swirl Flow Subjected to Large Transverse Temperature gradients. J. Heat Transfer, Trans. ASME 1968, 90 (1): 89-97
113 Backshall R G, Landia F. The boundary layer velocity distribution in turbulent swirling pipe flow. Trans. ASME, J. BasicEng. 1969, 919 (4): 728-733
114 Kidd G J. Heat transfer and pressure drop for Nitrogen flowing in tubes containing twisted-tape. AIChE J. 1970, 15(4): 581-585
115 Shiralkar B, Griffith P. The effect of swirl, inlet conditions, flow directions and tube diameter on the heat transfer to fluids at supercritical pressure. J. Heat transfer, Trans. ASME 1970, 92(3): 465-474
116 GambillWR, BundyRD, WansbroughRW. Heat Transfer, Bumout, and Pressure Drop for Water in Swirl Flow Through Tubes with Internal Twisted Tapes. Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser., 1961, 57(32): 127-137
117 Lopina F R, Bergles A E. bleat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Tape-Generated Swirl Flow of Single-Phase Water. J. Heat Transfer, 1969, 91: 434-442
118 Peterson S. C. France D. M., Carlson R. D.. Experiments in high pressure turbulent swirl flow. In: Shah P.K. eds., heat transfer Equipment Fundamentals, Design, Applications and Operating problems, ASME, 1989, 108: 215-218
119 Date A W. Some measurements in tubes containing twisted tape swirl Generators. Report No. AERL-1157, Sweden: AB Atomenergy, 1969
120 Date A W. Prediction of friction and heat transfer characteristics of flow in a tube containing twistedtape. Ph. D. Thesis, Imperial College, Univ. London, 1972
121 Manglik R M, Bergles A E. Heat transfer and pressure drop correlations for twisted-tape inserts in isothermal tubes: Part Ⅱ-transition and turbulent flow, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, Transactions, 1993, 115(4): 890-896
122 Manglik R M, Bergles A E. Heat transfer enhancement*and pressure drop in viscous liquid flows in isothermal tubes with twisted-tape inserted. W δ rme und Stoffu bertragung 1992, 27: 249-257
123 Manglik R M. Heat transfer enhancement of intube flows in process heat exchangers by means of twisted-tape inserts. Ph. D. thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering and Mechanics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY. 1991
124 Naphon Paisarn. Heat transfer and pressure drop in the horizontal double pipes with and without twisted tape insert. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2006, 33(2): 166-175
125 董承康，陶正文，蒋章焰．管内扭转带扰流件强化传热的工业性试验及性能评价．中国工程热物理学会第七届年会．合肥：中国工程热物理学会，1998，150-154
126 董承康，陶正文，王新，等．扭转带强化传热：实验研究和应用评价．中国工程热物理学会第十届年会．青岛：中国工程热物理学会，2001：176-180
127 苟峰．管内插入扭带强化传热的实验研究[硕士学位论文]，北京：中国原子能科学研究院，2002
128 Ayub Z H, Al-Fahed S F. Effect of gap width between horizontal tube and twisted tape on the pressure drop in turbulent water flow. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 1993, 14 (1): 64-67
129 Al-Fahed S F, Chakroun Walid. Effect of tube-tape clearance on heat transfer for fully developed turbulent flow in a horizontal isothermal tube. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 1996, 17 (2): 173-178
130 Saha S K, Gaitonde U N and Date A W. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of turbulent flow in a circular tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted-tape elements. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1990, 3 (6): 632-640
131 Klaczak A. Heat transfer and pressure drop in tubes with short turbulators. Heat and Mass Transfer, 1996, 31 (6): 399-401
132 Zhang Y.M, Han J C, Lee C P. Heat transfer and friction characteristics of turbulent flow in circular tubes with twisted-tape inserts and axial interrupted ribs. Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer, 1997, 4(4): 297-308
133 Zhang Y M, Azad G M, Han J C, Lee C P. Turbulent heat transfer enhancement and surface heating effect in square channels with wavy, and twisted tape inserts with interrupted ribs. Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer, 2000, 7(1): 35-49
134 Saha S. K., Gaitonde U. N., Date A. W.. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of laminar flow in a circular tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted-tape elements. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1989, (2): 310-322
135 Date A W, Singham J R. Numerical prediction of friction and heat transfer characteristics of fully developed laminar flow in tube containing twisted tape. ASME Paper No. 72-HT-17, 1972
136 Date A W . Prediction of fully-developed flow in a tube containing a twisted-tape. Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer, 1974, 17: 845-859
137 Hong S W, Bergles A E. Augmentation of laminar flow heat transfer in tubes by means of twisted-tape inserts. J. Heat Transfer, 1976, 98: 251-256
138 Sukhatme S P, Gaitonde U N, Shidore C S and kuncolienkar R S. Forced convection heat transfer to a viscous liquid in laminar flow in a tube with a twisted tape. Proceedings of the 9~(th) Heat Transfer Conference. Bangalore: 1987, B: 1-7
139 Saha S K, Gaitonde U N, Date A W. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of laminar flow in a circular tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted-tape elements. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1989, 2: 310-322
140 Watanabe K, Tajra T and Mori Y. Heat Transfer Augmentation in Tubular Flow by Twisted Tapes at High temperatures and Optimum Performance. Heat Transfer-Japanese Research, 1983, 12 (3): 1-31
141 Bandyopadhyay P S, Gaitondei U N and Sukhatme S P. Influence of free convection on heat transfer during laminar flow in tubes with twisted tape. Experimental Thermal and fluid science, 1991, 4: 577-586
142 Manglik R M, Bergles A E and Joshi SD. Augmentation of heat transfer to laminar flow of non-Newtonian fluids in uniformly heated flux with twisted tape inserts. Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics 1988, in: R. K. Shah et al., eds., Elservier Science Publishing, New York, 676-684
143 Marner W J, Bergles A E. Augmentation of tubeside laminar flow heat transfer by means of twisted-tape inserts, static-mixer inserts, internally finned tubes. Heat transfer, Proc. Sixth Int. Heat Transfer Conference. Hemisphere Publishing, Washington, D. C., 1978, 2: 583-588
144 Marner W J, Bergles A E. Augmentation of highly viscous laminar tube side heat transfer by means of a twisted tape insert and an internally finned tube. In: Shenkman S M, Brien J E O, Habib I S, eds., Advances in Enhanced Heat Transfer. ASME, New York, 1985: 19-28
145 Mamer W J, Bergles A E. Augmentation of Highly Viscous laminar Heat Transfer Inside tubes With Constant Wall Temperature. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Sciences, 1989, 2: 252-267
146 Manglik R M, Bergles A E. A correlation for laminar flow enhanced heat transfer in uniform wall temperature circular tubes with twisted tape inserts. Advances in Enhanced Heat Transfer, 24~(th) National Heat Transfer Conference, Pittsburgh, 1987, HTD-68: 19-25
147 Manglik R M, Bergles A E. Laminar flow heat transfer in a semi-circular tube with uniform wall temperature. International Journal of heat transfer, 1988, 31(3): 625-636
148 Du Plessis J P. Laminar flow and heat transfer in a smooth tube with a twisted tape insert. Ph. D. Thesis, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, 1982
149 Du Plessis J P, K6ger D G. Friction factor prediction fully developed laminar twisted tape flow. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1984, 27: 2095-2100
150 Du Plessis J P, Koger D G. Heat transfer correlation for thermally developing laminar flow in a smooth tube with a twisted-tape insert. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1987, 30 (3): 509-515
151 Lecjaks Z, Machac J. Pressure Loss in Fluids Flowing in Pipes Equipped With Helical Screws. International Chemical Egineering, 1987, 27: 205-209
152 Lecjaks Z, Machac J. Heat transfer to a Newtonian, Liquid Flowing Through a Tube with an Internal Helical Element. International Chemical Engieering, 1987, 27: 210-217
153 Monheit M. Experimental evaluation of the convection characteristics of tubes with twisted tape inserts. In Advances in Enhanced Heat Transfer, 24~(th) National Heat Transfer Conference, Pittsburgh, 1987, HTD-68: 11-18
154 Dasmahapatra J K, Raja Rao M. Augmentation of Tube Side Heat Transfer to Power Law Fluid Flow by Means of Twisted Tape Inserts. Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics 1991, Keffer J F et al.,eds., Elsevier Science Publishing, New York, 1991: 661 -667
155 Bandyopadhyay P S, Gaitonde U N and Sukhatme S P. Influence of free convection on heat transfer during laminar flow in tubes with twisted tapes. Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci., 1991, 4: 577-586
156 Reddy A P. Studies on the augmentation of forced convection heat transfer to a viscous liquid in laminar flow in a smooth tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted tape element. M. Tech. Dissertation. Department of Chemical Engineering, India institute of Technology, Bombay, 1988
157 Agarwal S K. Heat transfer augmentation for the flow of a viscous liquid in circular tubes using twisted tape inserts. Ph. D. thesis. Department of Chemical Engineering, India institute of Technology, Bombay, 1991
158 Agarwal S K, Raja Rao M. Heat transfer augmentation for the flow of a viscous liquid in circular tubes using twisted tape inserts. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 1996, 39(17): 3547-3557
159 Manglik R M, Bergles A E. Heat transfer and pressure drop correlations for twisted-tape inserts in isothermal tubes: Part I-Laminar flows. Journal of Heat Transfer, Transactions ASME, 1993, 115(4): 881-889
160 Donevski B, Kulesza J. Resistance Coefficients for Laminar and Turbulent Flow in Swirling Ducts. Archiwum Termodynamiki Spalanic, 1978, 9 (3): 497-506
161 Shah R K, London A L. Laminar Flow Forced Convection in Ducts, Supplement 1,Advances in Heat Transfer, Academic Press, New York, 1978
162 Klaczak A. Heat transfer by laminar flow in a vertical pipe with twisted-tape inserts. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2000, 36(3): 195-199
163 Klaczak A. Heat transfer by laminar flow in a vertical and horizontal pipe with twisted-tape inserts. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2001, 37(4): 443-448
164 Saha S K, Gaitonde U N, Date A W. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of laminar flow in a circular tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted-tape elements. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1989, (2): 310-322
165 Saha S K, Dutta A, dhal S K. Frietion and heat transfer chamctedsties of laminar swirl flow through a circular tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted-tape elements. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2001, 44(22): 4211-4223
166 Saha Sujoy K. Mallick D N. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of laminar flow in rectangular and square plain ducts and ducts with twisted-tape inserts. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2005, 127 (9): 966-977
167 Date A W, Gaitonde U N. Development of correlations for predicting characteristics of laminar flow in a tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted-tape elements. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1990, 3 (4): 373-382
168 Date A W. Numerical prediction of laminar flow and heat transfer in a tube with twisted-tape insert: Effects of property variations and buoyancy. Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer, 2000, 7(4): 217-229
169 Ray S, Date A W. Laminar flow and heat transfer through square duct with twisted tape insert. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2001, 22 (4): 460-472
170 Ray S. Pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of flow through square duct with twisted insert. Ph. D. Thesis. Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India, 2001
171 徐天华，崔乃瑛，谭盈科．管内插入物强化高粘液体传热．化学工程，1988，16(6)：7-15
172 孙东亮，王良壁．含扭曲带管内流动与传热的数值模拟．化工学报，2004，55(9)：1422-1427
173 Gambill W R, Bundy R D, Wansbrough R W. Heat Transfer, Burnout, and Pressure Drop for Water in Swirl Flow Through Tubes with Internal Twisted Tapes. Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser., 1961, 57(32): 127-137
174 Hassid A, Manzoni G. C, Ravetta R. Heat Transfer Crisis with Steam-water Mixtures: An Experimental Study on the Increase of Critical Power with Local Swirl Promoters in Round Tubes. Energia Nuclear, 1966, 13(11): 589-610
175 Agarwal K N. Heat transfer during boiling of refrigerants under swirl flow conditions. Ph. D. thesis. Roorkee University, India, 1984
176 Agarwal K N, Varma H K, Lal S. Pressure drop during forced convection boiling of R-12 under swirl flow. Trans ASME J. Heat Transfer, 1982, 104: 758-762
177 Agarwal K N, Varma H K, Lal S. Heat Transferduring Forced Convection Boiling of R-12 Under Swirl Flow. Trans ASME J. Heat Transfer, 1986, 108: 567-573
178 Bo Pierre. Flow resistance with boiling refrigerants-Part Ⅰ. ASHRAE Journal, 1964, 6: 58-65
179 Agarwal K N, Varma H K. Experimental study of heat transfer augmentation versus pumping power in a horizontal R12 evaporator. International Journal of Refrigeration, 1991, 14 (5): 273-281
180 Jensen M K. Saturated Forced Convective Boiling Heat Transfer with Twisted Tape Inserts. J. Heat Transfer, 1986, 108: 93-99
181 Kudryavtsev I S, Lekakh B M, Paskar B L, et al. Nucleate boiling of water in twisted-tape swirled flow. Heat Transfer-Soviet Research, 1990, 22 (6): 705-712
182 Bergles A E, Fuller W D, Hynek S J. Dispersed flow flim boiling of Nitrogen with swirl flow. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 1971, 14: 1343-1354
183 Michael K J. An evaluation of the effect of twisted-tape swirl generators in two-phase flow heat exchangers. Heat Transfer Eng., 1985, 6(4): 19-30
184 France D M, Carlson R D, Chiang T et al. Critical heat flux experiment and correlation in a long Sodium-heated tube. J. Heat transfer, 1981, 103: 74-80
185 Carlson R D, France D M, Cabler M J, et al. Heat transfer augmentation in liquid metal reactor steam generator. Proc. 1986 Joint ASME/ANS Nuclear Power Conf., ANS, Hinsdale, July 1986: 211-217
186 Papadopoulos P, France D M, Minkowycz W J. Heat transfer to dispersed swirl flow of high-pressure water with low wall superheat. Experimental Heat Transfer, 1991, 4 (2): 153-169
187 Papadopoulos P, France D M, Minkowycz W J, et al. Two-phase dispersed flow heat transfer augmented by twisted taper. Enhanced Heat Transfer, 1994, 4: 305-314
188 Yoo S J, France D M, Tarshish T M. Post-critical heat flux swirl flow heat transfer with two refrigerants and water. Journal of thermophysics and heat transfer, 1997, 11(2): 189-195
189 Weisman J, Yang J Y, Usman S. Phenomenological model for boiling heat transfer and the critical heat flux in tubes containing twisted tapes. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1994, 37 (1): 69-80
190 Suzuki Shinju, Kumagai Satoshi. Transient behavior of subcooled forced-convective boiling with twisted tape inserts. Heat Transfer-Japanese Research, 1996, 25 (3): 178-191
191 刘国维，刘禾，张文．螺旋扭带强化管内的流动沸腾传热．天津大学学报，1997，30(5)：573-579
192 Bergles A E, Lee R A, Mimic N B. Heat Transfer in rough tubes with tape generated swirl flow. J. Heat tmnsfer, Trans. ASME 1969, 91: 443-450
193 Usui H, Sano Y, Iwashita K. Heat transfer enhancement effects by combined use of internally grooved rough surfaces and twisted tapes. Heat transfer-Japanese Research. 1984, 13(4): 19-32
194 Komendantov A S, Kuzma-Kiehta Y A, Vasil'eva L T, et al. Experimental investigation of heat transfer and burnout in condition of nonuniform megawatt heat fluxes. Experimental Heat Transfer, 1991, 4 (3): 281-288
195 Al-Fahed S, Chamra L M, Chakroun W. Pressure drop and heat transfer comparison for both microfin tube and twisted-tape inserts in laminar flow. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1998, 18 (4): 323-333
196 Zimparov, Ventsislav. Enhancement of heat transfer by a combination of three-start spirally corrugated tubes with a twisted tape. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2001, 44(3): 551-574
197 Zimparov Ventsislav. Prediction of friction factors and heat transfer coefficients for turbulent flow in corrugated tubes combined with twisted tape inserts. Part 2: Heat transfer coefficients. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004, 47(2): 385-393
198 Zimparov Ventsislav. Prediction of friction factors and heat transfer coefficients for turbulent flow in corrugated tubes combined with twisted tape inserts. Part 1: Friction factors. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004, 47(3): 589-599
199 Liao Q, Xin M D. Augmentation of convective heat transfer inside tubes with three-dimensional internal extended surfaces and twisted-tape inserts. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2000, 78(2): 95-105
200 Smit F J, Meyer J P. R-22 and zeotropic R-22/R-142b mixture condensation in mierofin, high-fin and twisted tape insert tubes. ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 2002, 124 (5): 912-921
201 廖强，辛明道．三维内肋管内插入扭带的强化传热实验．工程热物理学报，1994，15(2)：200-204
202 沈慧，周强泰．扭带插入螺纹管复合强化传热实验研究．发电设备，1997，(4)：28-311
203 Sivasharrnugam P, Sundaram S. Improvement in performance of heat exchanger fitted with twisted tape. Journal of Energy Engirteering, 1999, 125(1): 35-40
204 Ayub Z. Case study: Practical application of enhancement device in an ammonia flooded evaporator. Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer, 1999, 6(1): 31-35
205 Chang S W. Heat transfer of orthogonal-mode reciprocating tube fitted with twisted-tape. Journal of Experimental Heat Transfer, 2000, 13: 61-86
206 Chang S W. Heat transfer of parallel-mode reciprocating tube flow with twisted-tape insert for piston cooling application. ASME Journal of Gas Turbine and Power, 2001, 123: 146-156
207 Chang S W, Zheng Y. Enhanced heat transfer with swirl duct under rolling and pitching environment. Journal of Ship Research, 2002, 46 (3): 149-166
208 尹余升．插入件强化传热在热水炉中的应用．工业锅炉，1998，(1)：21-13
209 尹余升．新型插入件管式换热器的实验研究[硕士论文]．北京：北京科技大学，1993
210 Perry J B, Arlington M, Benjamin F L, et al. Heat exchange means space vehicles: US, 3086372[P]. 1960.2.19
211 Billly M N. Tube cleaner having anchored rotatable spiral member: US, 4174750[P]. 1978.4.18
212 Jeremy W G. Perforate Bearin Plate for Turbulators in Heat Exchangers: US, 4564066[P]. 1986.4.14
213 Jeremy W G. Modification for Heat Exchangers Incorporating a Helically Shaped Blande and Pin Shaped Support: US, 4641705[P]. 1987.2.10
214 ELF FRANCE. Rtaryanchorge for scouringblades in heat exchanger tubes: FR, 2554520[P]. 1983.11.9
215 GallienA. Self-Cleaning Heat Exchanger Tube: DD, 207642A[P]. 1984.3.7
216 ORGREB—INS KRAFTW. Cleaning device for internal tube walls-consists of twisted metal strips: DD, 268289A[P]. 1988.1.13
217 MITSUBISHI JUKOGYO KK. Steel pipe used in research work to improve performance of heat exchanger has twist plate attached along length of central shaft supported through central hollow section of pipe which directs water flowing through pipe towards inner peripheral wall of pipe: JP, 09280783A[P]. 97.10.31
218 金国珍．工程塑料．北京：化学工业出版社，2001，
219 彭德其．盐蒸发器加热管结晶盐自动清洗技术研究．海湖盐与化工，2001，(4)：28-30
220 周立，俞天兰，彭德其，等．立式水冷器污垢自动清洗扭带结构优化研究．湘潭大学自然科学学报，2001，23(1)：88-90
221 彭德其 刘跃平，俞秀民，等．火电厂凝汽器管内水垢的自动清洗技术研究．电站系统工程，2003，(2)：27-28
222 俞天兰、彭德其，刘桂英，等．汽轮机冷凝器自转塑料扭带自动在线连续除垢防垢技术研究．现代化工，2002，(6)：46-48
223 俞天兰，彭德其，俞秀民，等．电厂汽轮机冷凝器污垢自动清洗及其强化传热．化工装备技术，2002，23(3)：30-32
224 俞秀民，俞天兰，吴金香，等．传热管内旋转清洗器具的管口固定装置，专利申请号ZL00224697.X
225 俞秀民，蒋少青，俞天兰，等．一种传热管内旋转清洗元件的轴向定位装置，专利申请号02139601.9，20020913
226 彭德其，俞秀民，吴金香，等．传热管内旋转清洗器具的管口固定装置，专利号02277259.6，2002913
227 俞秀民，俞天兰，吴金香，等，传热管内旋转清洗器具的管口固定装置，专利ZL00224697.X，2000
228 俞天兰，俞秀民，彭德其，等，一种自转式双面齿形平带管内清洗及传热强化技术，专利申请号200310110560.4
229 俞秀民，俞天兰，彭德其，等．一种管内自转式清洗及传热强化的双面齿形平带，专利号200320114210.0，2003
230 Yu Tianlan, Yu Xiumin, Jiang Shaoqing, et al. The Technology of Enhancing Heat Transfer and Preventing Fouling with Heat Transfer Dynaflow Twisted Strips. International Conference on Energy and Environment, Shanghai, China, 2003: 756-760
231 罗健康，俞秀民，俞天兰，等．水冷设备污垢自转螺旋清洗防垢技术．石油化工设备，2004，33(5)：53-55
232 俞天兰，彭德其，蒋少青，等．立式壳管式氨冷凝器自动除垢防垢技术．化学工程，2002，30(4)：72-74
233 林溶端．换热管内微型液轮机在线除垢装置：中国专利，99210377[P]，2001．7
234 林榕端，林清宇，冯庆革．换热管内微型液轮机在线除垢装置．中国专利，ZL99210377[P]，2000．03．10
235 林溶端，林清宇，冯庆革，等．换热管内微型液轮机研究．机械工程学报，2001，37(7)：41-43
236 翟丽华，朱志彬，董美英，等．内置液轮机换热管的换热研究．装备制造技术， 2004，(4)：13-15
237 林清宇，林榕端，李培宁．换热管内自动防垢液轮机主要结构参数试验研究．中国机械工程，2004，15(4)：346-348
238 林清宇，冯庆革，甘加业，林榕端．用ANSYS预测内置液轮机的换热管内流动场．广西机械，2003，(1)：33-36
239 俞秀民，俞天兰，叶施仁，等．列管式水冷设备自转塑料扭带自动除垢防垢技术．湘潭大学学报，1998，(3)：120—123
240 Gondal M A, Mastromarino J, Uwe KA. Laser Doppler velocimeter for remote measurement of polluted water and aerosols discharges. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2002, 38: 589-600
241 刘恒，钟本和，刘勋，等．搅拌槽内絮凝动力学研究．高校化学工程学报，2002，16(4)：378-383
242 毛德明，冯连芳，许国军，等．用LDA研究搅拌釜内的流场．高校化学工程学报，1996，10(3)：258-263
243 维菊，陈文梅，魏星，等．流式直立微滤膜器流场数值模拟及试验研究．高校化学工程学报，2004，18(1)：38-43
244 胡元，时铭显．蜗壳式旋风分离器内的湍流特性(Ⅰ)分离空间．化工学报，2004，55(3)：345-350
245 胡元，时铭显．蜗壳式旋风分离器内的湍流特性(Ⅱ)环形空间．化工学报，2004，55(3)：351-355
246 雷雨冰，袁亚雄，赵进坚，等．燃烧室流场的LDV测量及其数值计算．南京理工大学学报，2003，27(6)：674-677
247 Wen Guang Li. Effects of viscosity of fluids on centrifugal pump performance and flow pattern in the impeller. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2000, 21: 207-212
248 Jean-Michel Mufuta M B. Comparison of experimental values and numerical simulation on a set-up simulating the cross-section of a disc-type transformer. Int. J. Therm. Sci., 1999, 38: 424-435
249 Marina Ubaldi, Pietro Zunino. An experimental study of the unsteady characteristics of the turbulent near wake of a turbine blade. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2000, 23: 23-33
250 戴昌晖．流体流动测量．北京：航空工业出版社，1991
251 杜斯特，梅林，怀特洛．激光多普勒测速技术的原理和实践．北京：科学出版社，1992
252 沈熊．激光多普勒测示技术及应用．北京：清华大学出版社，2004
253 景思睿，张鸣运．流体力学．西安：西安交通大学出版社，2001
254 陶文铨．计算传热学的近代进展．北京：科学出版社，2000
255 陶文铨．数值传热学．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1988
256 陶文铨，陈在康．计算流体力学与传热学．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1991
257 郭宽良．计算传热学．合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社，1988
258 Yakhot V, Orszag S A. Renormalization Group analysis of turbulence 1: Basic theory. Journal of Scientific Computing, 1996: 1-15
259 陈贵林．CFD软件的明日之星—CFD-FLOW3D．CAD与自动化，1994，(10)：55-62
260 陈贵林，CFD软件简介与评估．CAD与自动化，1994，(11)：50-59
261 杨文娟，孙奉仲，黄新元，等．300 MW机组凝汽器汽侧换热性能的三维数值模拟与分析．动力工程，2005，25(2)：175-178
262 周静，何品晶，程德理，等．传质对热天平坩埚内煤焦气化反应的影响．化工学报，2005，56(1)：35-40
263 Chen ChingWen. Numerical analysis for the multi-phase flow of pulverized coal injection inside blast furnace tuyere. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2005, 29 (9): 871-884
264 Prithivirajm, Rews, M J. Three dimentional numerical simulation of shell and tube heat exchangers. Heat Transfer, 1998, 33: 817-828
265 Prithivirajm, RewsM J. Comparison of three dimension simulation numerical model with existing methods for prediction of flow in shell and tube heat exchangers. Heat Transfer Engineering, 1999, 20: 15-19
266 甘庆军，简弃非，许石嵩．换热器翅片表面空气流动热力过程的三维数值模拟．制冷，2004，23(3)：5-9
267 黄兴华，王启杰，陆震．管壳式换热器壳程流动和传热的三维数值模拟．化工学报，2000，51(3)：297-302
268 邓斌，陶文铨．管壳式换热器壳侧湍流流动与换热的三维数值模拟．化工学报，2004，55(7)：1053-1059
269 Kim S E, Choudhury D. A near-wall treatment using wall functions sensitized to pressure gradient. ASME FED Separated and Complex Flow, 1995, 217: 273-280
270 Fluent Inc.. Fluent 6.0 User' s Guide Volume 2. Fluent Inc. Centerra Resource Park, 2001
271 俞天兰，彭德其，俞秀民，等．电厂汽轮机冷凝器污垢自动清洗及其传热强化．化 工装备技术，2002，23(3)：30～32
272 周立，俞天兰，彭德其，等．电厂真空冷凝器自动除垢及传热强化技术．节能技术，2001，19(3)：25-27
273 景思睿，张鸣运．流体力学．西安：西安交通大学出版社，2001
274 天津大学化工原理教研室．化工原理(第2版)．天津：天津科学技术出版社，1987
275 杨世铭．传热学(第2版)．北京：高等教育出版社，1987
276 柴诚敬，张国亮．化工流体流动与传热．北京：化学工业出版社，2000
277 吴百诗．大学物理(上册)．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1990
278 Somerseale E F C, Knudsen J G. Fouling of Heat Transfer [M]. New Yoke: Hemisphere Publication Corporation, 1981
2 Webb R L. Principles of enhanced heat transfer. New York: John Wiley& Sons, INC. A. Wiley-InterscieneePublication, 1994
3 Steinhagen R, Steinhagen H M, Maani K. Problems and Costs due to Heat Exchanger Fouling in New Zealand Industry. Heat Transfer Engineering, 1993, 14(1): 19-30
4 Somercalece E F C, Knudsen J G.. Fouling of heat transfer equipment. Hemisphere Pub. Co., 1981
5 余德渊．我国换热器研究及其工业化进展．北京：化工出版社，1988
6 杨秀倬．管壳式换热器的高压水冲洗．化工炼油机械，1983，(3)：35
7 舒海涛．炼油催化装置冷凝器重沸器运行报告．天津：全国化工炼油机械情报网换热器技术会议，1991．8
8 代宁波，蒋克斌，石莉．炼油循环水系统水冷器失效案例分析．腐蚀与防护，2004．25(5)：225-227
9 Garrett-pdce B A. Fouling of heat exchangers. Characteristics. Cost. Prevention Control and Removal. New Jersey: Noyes Publication, 1985
10 Thackery P A. The cost of fouling in heat exchanger plant. Effluent and water treatment J., 1980, 20: 112-115
11 俞秀民．传热设备污垢防治的重大经济意义．化学清洗，1995，11(3)：22-25
12 杨善让，徐志明，孙灵芳．换热设备的污垢与对策．第2版．北京：科学出版社，2004
13 俞秀民，宁立伟，俞天兰，等．冷冻机组水冷器污垢经济损失研究报告．湖南工程学院学报，2002，12(2)：21-23
14 俞秀民，俞天兰，彭德其．传热面流体动力机械在线自动清洗防垢技术及其新发展．湖南工程学院学报，2002，20(5)：1-11
15 徐志明，杨善让，郭淑青，等．电站凝汽器污垢费用估算．中国动力工程学报，2005，25(1)：102-106
16 徐志明，杨善让，郭淑青，等．电站锅炉污垢费用估算．中国电机工程学报，2004，24(2)：197-200
17 杨述．QL800-1型循环泵在我厂制盐生产上的运用．海湖盐与化工，1998，27(6)：24-26
18 Bergles A E. Heat transfer enhancement-the maturing of second-generation heat transfer technology. Heat Transfer Engineering, 1997, 18 (1): 47-55
19 Rabas T J. Selection of the energy-efficient enhancement geometry for single-phase turbulent flow inside tubes. Heat Transfer Equipment fundamentals, Design, Application and Operation Problems. ASME, New York, HTD, 1989, 108: 193-204
20 顾维藻，神家锐，马重芳，等．强化传热。北京：科学出版社，1990
21 Kays W M，London A L．紧凑式热交换器．宣益民，张后雷译．北京：科学出版社，1997
22 宁书鳌，王志曾．高速喷流换热器的应用．冶金能源，1994，(2)：28-29
23 李文凯，孔凡成，王军明．旋流式空气预热器在410gh煤粉炉上的应用．节能技术，2001，19(4)：39-41
24 张宝剑，庄正宁，李江荣．板式换热器在回收低温余热技术中的应用．节能，2003，(1)：38-40
25 Gary trumpfheller. Selecting the appropriate type of heat exchanger. Chemical processing, 1998, 61(1): 59-63
26 朱迪珠．国产大型板壳式换热器在重整装置应用．石油化工设备，2000，29(4)：29-30
27 余敏，李美玲，蔡祖恢，等．板翅式换热器在大型电站汽轮发电机冷却系统中的应用研究．动力工程，1998，18(5)：54-76
28 凌祥，周帼彦，涂善东，等．板翅式换热器新技术及应用．石油化工设备，2002，31(2)：1-4
29 邓先和，徐国想，张亚君．板棒式换热器传热性能分析(Ⅰ)—圆柱肋棒的传热效率．华南理工大学学报，2001，29(1)：38-39
30 邓先和，徐国想，张亚君．板棒式换热器传热性能分析(Ⅱ)—换热器结构的优化设计．华南理工大学学报，2001，29(2)．51-53
31 Mukherjee R. Effective design shell-and-tube heat exchangers. Chemical Engineering Proeess, 1998, (2): 21-37
32 刘阿龙，徐宏，王学生，等．换热器烧结型表面多孔管综述．石油化工设备，2005，34(1)：47-49
33 刘建新，金海波．多孔表面管沸腾传热试验研究．动力工程，1999，19(1)：30-33
34 Lang E, Drtina P, StreiffF, et al. Numerical simulation of the fluid flow and the mixing process in a static mixer. Previews of Heat and Mass Transfer, 21(5), 1995: 443-449
35 姬宜朋，张沛，王丽．Kenics静态混合器的应用及研究进展．塑料科技，2005，(2)：38-46
36 刘素芬，傅新，杨华勇．三维交叉导流式微型静态混合器的研究．机械工程学报，2005，41(4)：132-136
37 Mamer W J, Bergles A E, Chenoweth T M. On the presentation of performance data for enhanced tubes used in shell-and -tube heat exchangers. ASME Journal of Heat transfer, 1983, 105: 358-365
38 Kumar A, Prasad B N. Investigation of twisted tape inserted solar water heaters-heat transfer, friction factor and thermal performance results. Renewable Energy, 2000, 19 (3): 379-398
39 廖强，辛明道．三维内肋管内插入扭带的强化传热实验．工程热物理学报，1994，15(2)：200-204
40 Date A W, Gaitonde U N. Development of correlations for predicting characteristics of laminar flow in a tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted-tape elements. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 3 (4), 1990: 373-382
41 Laoak A K. Heat transfer in tubes with spiral and helical turbulators. J. Heat transfer, Trans. ASME, 1995: 557-559
42 杨善让．螺旋线型除垢装置及强化换热用途[P]．CN2180962Y，1994．10．26
43 Mitsubishi Jukogyo K K. Steel pipe used in research work to improve performance of heat exchanger [P]. JP09280783, 97. 10. 31
44 杨品莲，钱颂文，戴建军，等．管内片条插入物强化传热试验及其性能比较．化工装备技术，2004，25(3)：19-22
45 朱冬生．插入物强化管壳式换热管内高粘度流体的传热．石油炼制与化工，1998，29(7)：39-42
46 林溶端，林清宇，冯庆革，等．换热管内微型液轮机研究．机械工程学报，2001，37(7)：41-43
47 林清宇，林榕端，李培宁．换热管内自动防垢液轮机主要结构参数试验研究．中国机械工程，2004，15(4)：346-348
48 林榕端，林清宇，冯庆革，等．换热管内微型液轮机在线除垢装置[P]．ZL99210377，2000．03．10
49 Gentry C C. ROD baffle heat exchanger technology. CEP, 1990, 86(7): 48-51
50 陆应生，关建郁，陈慕玲，等．整圆槽孔折流栅板和缩放管在中氮肥氮氢气压缩机级间冷却器中的应用．化肥工业，2001，28(1)：29-30
51 曾舟华，钱颂文．低传热“死区"异形孔板纵向流管壳式换热器传热研究．化工设备设计，1997，34(2)：15-17
52 Deng Xianhe, Deng Songjiu. Investigation of heat transfer enhancement of roughened tube bundles supported by ring or ROD supports. Heat Transfer Engineering, 1998, 19(2): 1-27
53 思勤，夏清，梁龙虎，等．螺旋扁管换热器传热与阻力性能．化工学报，1995，46(5)：601-607
54 Kral D, Stehlik P, Vander Ploeg H J, et al. Helical baffles in shell-and-tube heat exchanger, Part Ⅰ: Experimental verification. Heat Transfer Engineering, 1996;17(1): 93-101
55 Taborek J, Aurioles C. Effect of 1988 TEMA standards on mechanical and thermo-hydraulic design of shell and tube heat exchangers. AIChE Symposium Series, 1989, 85(269): 79-83
56 姜培学．王补宣．任泽．微尺度换热器的研究及相关问题的探讨．工程热物理学报，1996，17(3)：328-332
57 陈强，杨静宇，董涛，等．微管道换热器多孔介质模型分析及应用．机械工程学报，2004，(4)：108-113
58 孙宏伟，顾维藻，刘文艳．速度滑移和温度阶跃对微尺度流动和换热的影响．工程热物理学报，1998，19(1)：94-97
59 Philippe Nika, Yannick Bailly, Francois Guermeur. Thermoacousties and related oscillatory heat and fluid flows in micro heat exchangers. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2005, 48 (18): 3773-3792
60 郭航，黄峰，丁良士．微流道换热器内阻力特性的实验研究．制冷，1998，(4)：8-13
61 曹彬，陈光文，袁权．逆流式微通道换热器设计与操作特性分析．化工学报，2005，56(5)：774-778
62 宣益民，李强．纳米流体强化传热研究．工程热物理学报，2000，21(4)：466-470
63 李强．纳米流体强化传热机理研究[博士学位论文]．南京：南京理工大学，2004
64 Choi S U S. Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of Fluids with Nanoparticles, in: Siginer D A, Wang H P, eds., Developments and Applications of Non-Newtonian Flows, New York: ASME, FED, 1995, 66: 99-103
65 Wang X W, Xu X F, Choi S U S. Thermal Conductivity of Nanoparticle-Fluid Mixture. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 1999, 13(4): 474-480
66 Keblinski P, Phillpot S R, Choi S U S, Eastman J A. Mechanisms of Heat Flow in Suspensions of Nano-Sized Particles (Nanofuids). Int. J Heat Mass Transfer, 2002, 45(4): 855-863
67 王补宣，李宏，彭晓峰．吸附作用在纳米颗粒悬浮液换热强化中的试验与机理研究．工程热物理学报，2003，24(4)：664-666
68 周乐平，王补宣．颗粒尺寸与表面吸附对低浓度非金属纳米颗粒悬浮液有效导热系数的影响．自然科学进展，2003，13(4)：426-429
69 谢华清，奚同庚，王锦昌．纳米流体介质导热机理初探．物理学报，2003，52(6)：1444-1449
70 陶文铨，陈在康．计算流体力学与传热学．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1991
71 王定标，董其伍，刘敏珊等．纵流壳程换热器数值模拟应用研究．郑州工业大学学报，1999，20(2)：18-20
72 黄兴华，王启杰，陆震．管壳式换热器壳程流动和传热的三维数值模拟．化工学报，2000，51(3)：297-301
73 俞茂铮，姚秀平，汪国山，等．大功率汽轮机冷凝器汽相流动与传热特性的数值分析．动力工程，1995，15(6)：42-48
74 孙世梅，张红．热管换热器流动与传热的CFD模拟及试验研究．南京工业大学学报，2004，26(2)：62-66
75 孙世梅，张红．热管换热器传热性能及温度场数值模拟研究．化工学报，2004，55(3)：472-475
76 过增元，黄素逸．场协同原理与强化传热新技术．北京：中国电力出版社，2004
77 过增元．对流换热的物理机制及其控制：速度场与热流场的协同．科学通报，2000，45(19)：2118-2122
78 华贲．973项目“高效节能的关键科学问题"研究工作进展和展望．华北电力大学学报，2003，30(5)：5-9
79 Watkinson A P. Fouling of augmented heat transfer tubes. Heat transfer engineering, 1990, 11(3): 5-7
80 日本实用节能机器全书编委会．实用节能全书．北京：化工出版社，1987
81 程立新，杨杰辉．换热设备防结垢技术进展．石油化工设备，2000，21(4)：22-25
82 王睿，丁洁，沈自求．换热设备的结垢机理研究现状．化工进展，1999，32(4)：31-35
83 杨庆峰．换热面上结垢机理与抗垢机理的研究[学位论文]．大连：大连理工大学，1999
84 杨善让，孙灵芳，徐志明．换热设备污垢研究的现状和展望．化工进展，2004， 23 (10): 1091-1098
85 Kerm D Q, Seaton R E. A theoretical analysis of thermal surface fouling. British Chem. Eng, 1959, (4): 258-262
86 Cdttenden B D, Khather E M H. Fouling from vaporizing kerosene, in: Fouling in Heat Exchanger Equipment, Eds., Suitor J W, Pritchard A M, ASME HTD, 1984, 35: 57-64
87 张锁龙，张琳．内置旋流器紊流传热的研究．石油化工高等学院学报，2002，15(2)：56-58
88 邢晓凯，马重芳，陈永昌，等．一种用于污垢监测的温差热阻新方法．石油大学学报，2004，28(5)：70-73
89 贾春霞，张新莲．新型监测换热器控制装置．工业水处理，2004，24(12)：52-55
90 李仲先．循环冷却水的水质稳定与处理．北京：冶金工业出版社，1987
91 郑康民．机械加工表面多孔管抗垢性能的研究[硕士学位论文]．广州：华南理工大学，1996
92 李隆梅，南峰，郑铁明，等．表面多孔涂层管强化传热技术研究．福州大学学报，1997，25(6)：102-107
93 Seo K, Kim Y. Evaporation heat transfer and pressure drop of R22 in 7 and 9.52mm smooth/micro-fin tubes. International Journal of Heat and mass Transfer, 2000, 43(16): 2869-2882
94 Ted W. High flux heat exchange surface allows area to be cut by over 80％. The Oil and Gas Journal, 1971, 69(32): 118-120
95 杨冬，李永星，陈听宽，等．多孔表面管内高沸点工质的强化流动沸腾换热与阻力特性．化工学报，2004，55(10)：1631-1637
96 肖建国．传热强化管的抗垢性能研究[硕士学位论文]．广州：华南理工大学，1989
97 朱冬生，肖建国，谭盈科．轧槽管抗垢性能的试验研究．石油化工设备，1996，25(1)：8-11
98 朱冬生，钱颂文．强化传热技术及其设计应用．化工装备技术，1996，21(6)：1-9
99 Stegelman A F. On-line mechanical cleaning of heat exchanger. Hydrocarbon Processing, 1983
100 王海清，刘秋元，陶忱．冷换设备弹簧在线自动清洗技术的开发及工业应用．石油炼制与化工，1996，27(10)：57-59
101 肖宏亮，朱冬生，谭盈科．管内在线防垢及强化传热的实验研究．热能动力工 程，1997，12(4)：175-277
102 俞秀民，俞天兰，叶施仁，等．列管式水冷设备塑料扭带自动清洗防垢技术．湘潭大学自然科学学报，1998，20(3)：120-123
103 周立，俞天兰，彭德其，等．立式水冷器污垢自动清洗扭带结构优化研究．湘潭大学自然科学学报．2001，23(1)：88-90
104 卿德藩，周立，俞天兰，等．电厂凝汽器污垢自动清洗扭带的阻力特性研究．机械研究与应用，2001，14(2)：3-4
105 柯伟．腐蚀科学技术的应用和失效案例——现代腐蚀科学和防蚀技术全书．北京：化学工业出版社，2006
106 中国腐蚀与防护学会．腐蚀科学与防腐蚀工程技术新进展．北京：化学工业出版社，1999
107 戴树和，王明娥．可靠性工程及其在化工设备中的应用．北京：化学工业出版社，1987
108 Whitham J M. The effect of retarders in fire tubes of steam boilers. Street Railway Journal, 1896, 12(6): 374
109 Royds R. Heat transmission by Radiation, Conduction, and Convection, 1st ed., Constable and Co., London, United Kingdom, 1921
110 Gambill W R, Bundy R D. An Evaluation of the Present Status of Swirl-Flow Heat Transfer. ASME, New York, Paper62-HT-42, 1962
111 Smithberg E, Landis F. Friction and Forced Convection Heat-Transfer Characteristics in Tubes with Twisted Tape Swirl Generators. J. Heat Transfer, Trans. ASME, 1964, 86 (1): 39-49
112 Thorsen R, Landis F. Friction and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Turbulent Swirl Flow Subjected to Large Transverse Temperature gradients. J. Heat Transfer, Trans. ASME 1968, 90 (1): 89-97
113 Backshall R G, Landia F. The boundary layer velocity distribution in turbulent swirling pipe flow. Trans. ASME, J. BasicEng. 1969, 919 (4): 728-733
114 Kidd G J. Heat transfer and pressure drop for Nitrogen flowing in tubes containing twisted-tape. AIChE J. 1970, 15(4): 581-585
115 Shiralkar B, Griffith P. The effect of swirl, inlet conditions, flow directions and tube diameter on the heat transfer to fluids at supercritical pressure. J. Heat transfer, Trans. ASME 1970, 92(3): 465-474
116 GambillWR, BundyRD, WansbroughRW. Heat Transfer, Bumout, and Pressure Drop for Water in Swirl Flow Through Tubes with Internal Twisted Tapes. Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser., 1961, 57(32): 127-137
117 Lopina F R, Bergles A E. bleat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Tape-Generated Swirl Flow of Single-Phase Water. J. Heat Transfer, 1969, 91: 434-442
118 Peterson S. C. France D. M., Carlson R. D.. Experiments in high pressure turbulent swirl flow. In: Shah P.K. eds., heat transfer Equipment Fundamentals, Design, Applications and Operating problems, ASME, 1989, 108: 215-218
119 Date A W. Some measurements in tubes containing twisted tape swirl Generators. Report No. AERL-1157, Sweden: AB Atomenergy, 1969
120 Date A W. Prediction of friction and heat transfer characteristics of flow in a tube containing twistedtape. Ph. D. Thesis, Imperial College, Univ. London, 1972
121 Manglik R M, Bergles A E. Heat transfer and pressure drop correlations for twisted-tape inserts in isothermal tubes: Part Ⅱ-transition and turbulent flow, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, Transactions, 1993, 115(4): 890-896
122 Manglik R M, Bergles A E. Heat transfer enhancement*and pressure drop in viscous liquid flows in isothermal tubes with twisted-tape inserted. W δ rme und Stoffu bertragung 1992, 27: 249-257
123 Manglik R M. Heat transfer enhancement of intube flows in process heat exchangers by means of twisted-tape inserts. Ph. D. thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering and Mechanics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY. 1991
124 Naphon Paisarn. Heat transfer and pressure drop in the horizontal double pipes with and without twisted tape insert. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2006, 33(2): 166-175
125 董承康，陶正文，蒋章焰．管内扭转带扰流件强化传热的工业性试验及性能评价．中国工程热物理学会第七届年会．合肥：中国工程热物理学会，1998，150-154
126 董承康，陶正文，王新，等．扭转带强化传热：实验研究和应用评价．中国工程热物理学会第十届年会．青岛：中国工程热物理学会，2001：176-180
127 苟峰．管内插入扭带强化传热的实验研究[硕士学位论文]，北京：中国原子能科学研究院，2002
128 Ayub Z H, Al-Fahed S F. Effect of gap width between horizontal tube and twisted tape on the pressure drop in turbulent water flow. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 1993, 14 (1): 64-67
129 Al-Fahed S F, Chakroun Walid. Effect of tube-tape clearance on heat transfer for fully developed turbulent flow in a horizontal isothermal tube. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 1996, 17 (2): 173-178
130 Saha S K, Gaitonde U N and Date A W. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of turbulent flow in a circular tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted-tape elements. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1990, 3 (6): 632-640
131 Klaczak A. Heat transfer and pressure drop in tubes with short turbulators. Heat and Mass Transfer, 1996, 31 (6): 399-401
132 Zhang Y.M, Han J C, Lee C P. Heat transfer and friction characteristics of turbulent flow in circular tubes with twisted-tape inserts and axial interrupted ribs. Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer, 1997, 4(4): 297-308
133 Zhang Y M, Azad G M, Han J C, Lee C P. Turbulent heat transfer enhancement and surface heating effect in square channels with wavy, and twisted tape inserts with interrupted ribs. Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer, 2000, 7(1): 35-49
134 Saha S. K., Gaitonde U. N., Date A. W.. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of laminar flow in a circular tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted-tape elements. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1989, (2): 310-322
135 Date A W, Singham J R. Numerical prediction of friction and heat transfer characteristics of fully developed laminar flow in tube containing twisted tape. ASME Paper No. 72-HT-17, 1972
136 Date A W . Prediction of fully-developed flow in a tube containing a twisted-tape. Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer, 1974, 17: 845-859
137 Hong S W, Bergles A E. Augmentation of laminar flow heat transfer in tubes by means of twisted-tape inserts. J. Heat Transfer, 1976, 98: 251-256
138 Sukhatme S P, Gaitonde U N, Shidore C S and kuncolienkar R S. Forced convection heat transfer to a viscous liquid in laminar flow in a tube with a twisted tape. Proceedings of the 9~(th) Heat Transfer Conference. Bangalore: 1987, B: 1-7
139 Saha S K, Gaitonde U N, Date A W. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of laminar flow in a circular tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted-tape elements. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1989, 2: 310-322
140 Watanabe K, Tajra T and Mori Y. Heat Transfer Augmentation in Tubular Flow by Twisted Tapes at High temperatures and Optimum Performance. Heat Transfer-Japanese Research, 1983, 12 (3): 1-31
141 Bandyopadhyay P S, Gaitondei U N and Sukhatme S P. Influence of free convection on heat transfer during laminar flow in tubes with twisted tape. Experimental Thermal and fluid science, 1991, 4: 577-586
142 Manglik R M, Bergles A E and Joshi SD. Augmentation of heat transfer to laminar flow of non-Newtonian fluids in uniformly heated flux with twisted tape inserts. Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics 1988, in: R. K. Shah et al., eds., Elservier Science Publishing, New York, 676-684
143 Marner W J, Bergles A E. Augmentation of tubeside laminar flow heat transfer by means of twisted-tape inserts, static-mixer inserts, internally finned tubes. Heat transfer, Proc. Sixth Int. Heat Transfer Conference. Hemisphere Publishing, Washington, D. C., 1978, 2: 583-588
144 Marner W J, Bergles A E. Augmentation of highly viscous laminar tube side heat transfer by means of a twisted tape insert and an internally finned tube. In: Shenkman S M, Brien J E O, Habib I S, eds., Advances in Enhanced Heat Transfer. ASME, New York, 1985: 19-28
145 Mamer W J, Bergles A E. Augmentation of Highly Viscous laminar Heat Transfer Inside tubes With Constant Wall Temperature. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Sciences, 1989, 2: 252-267
146 Manglik R M, Bergles A E. A correlation for laminar flow enhanced heat transfer in uniform wall temperature circular tubes with twisted tape inserts. Advances in Enhanced Heat Transfer, 24~(th) National Heat Transfer Conference, Pittsburgh, 1987, HTD-68: 19-25
147 Manglik R M, Bergles A E. Laminar flow heat transfer in a semi-circular tube with uniform wall temperature. International Journal of heat transfer, 1988, 31(3): 625-636
148 Du Plessis J P. Laminar flow and heat transfer in a smooth tube with a twisted tape insert. Ph. D. Thesis, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, 1982
149 Du Plessis J P, K6ger D G. Friction factor prediction fully developed laminar twisted tape flow. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1984, 27: 2095-2100
150 Du Plessis J P, Koger D G. Heat transfer correlation for thermally developing laminar flow in a smooth tube with a twisted-tape insert. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1987, 30 (3): 509-515
151 Lecjaks Z, Machac J. Pressure Loss in Fluids Flowing in Pipes Equipped With Helical Screws. International Chemical Egineering, 1987, 27: 205-209
152 Lecjaks Z, Machac J. Heat transfer to a Newtonian, Liquid Flowing Through a Tube with an Internal Helical Element. International Chemical Engieering, 1987, 27: 210-217
153 Monheit M. Experimental evaluation of the convection characteristics of tubes with twisted tape inserts. In Advances in Enhanced Heat Transfer, 24~(th) National Heat Transfer Conference, Pittsburgh, 1987, HTD-68: 11-18
154 Dasmahapatra J K, Raja Rao M. Augmentation of Tube Side Heat Transfer to Power Law Fluid Flow by Means of Twisted Tape Inserts. Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics 1991, Keffer J F et al.,eds., Elsevier Science Publishing, New York, 1991: 661 -667
155 Bandyopadhyay P S, Gaitonde U N and Sukhatme S P. Influence of free convection on heat transfer during laminar flow in tubes with twisted tapes. Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci., 1991, 4: 577-586
156 Reddy A P. Studies on the augmentation of forced convection heat transfer to a viscous liquid in laminar flow in a smooth tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted tape element. M. Tech. Dissertation. Department of Chemical Engineering, India institute of Technology, Bombay, 1988
157 Agarwal S K. Heat transfer augmentation for the flow of a viscous liquid in circular tubes using twisted tape inserts. Ph. D. thesis. Department of Chemical Engineering, India institute of Technology, Bombay, 1991
158 Agarwal S K, Raja Rao M. Heat transfer augmentation for the flow of a viscous liquid in circular tubes using twisted tape inserts. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 1996, 39(17): 3547-3557
159 Manglik R M, Bergles A E. Heat transfer and pressure drop correlations for twisted-tape inserts in isothermal tubes: Part I-Laminar flows. Journal of Heat Transfer, Transactions ASME, 1993, 115(4): 881-889
160 Donevski B, Kulesza J. Resistance Coefficients for Laminar and Turbulent Flow in Swirling Ducts. Archiwum Termodynamiki Spalanic, 1978, 9 (3): 497-506
161 Shah R K, London A L. Laminar Flow Forced Convection in Ducts, Supplement 1,Advances in Heat Transfer, Academic Press, New York, 1978
162 Klaczak A. Heat transfer by laminar flow in a vertical pipe with twisted-tape inserts. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2000, 36(3): 195-199
163 Klaczak A. Heat transfer by laminar flow in a vertical and horizontal pipe with twisted-tape inserts. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2001, 37(4): 443-448
164 Saha S K, Gaitonde U N, Date A W. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of laminar flow in a circular tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted-tape elements. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1989, (2): 310-322
165 Saha S K, Dutta A, dhal S K. Frietion and heat transfer chamctedsties of laminar swirl flow through a circular tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted-tape elements. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2001, 44(22): 4211-4223
166 Saha Sujoy K. Mallick D N. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of laminar flow in rectangular and square plain ducts and ducts with twisted-tape inserts. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2005, 127 (9): 966-977
167 Date A W, Gaitonde U N. Development of correlations for predicting characteristics of laminar flow in a tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted-tape elements. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1990, 3 (4): 373-382
168 Date A W. Numerical prediction of laminar flow and heat transfer in a tube with twisted-tape insert: Effects of property variations and buoyancy. Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer, 2000, 7(4): 217-229
169 Ray S, Date A W. Laminar flow and heat transfer through square duct with twisted tape insert. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2001, 22 (4): 460-472
170 Ray S. Pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of flow through square duct with twisted insert. Ph. D. Thesis. Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India, 2001
171 徐天华，崔乃瑛，谭盈科．管内插入物强化高粘液体传热．化学工程，1988，16(6)：7-15
172 孙东亮，王良壁．含扭曲带管内流动与传热的数值模拟．化工学报，2004，55(9)：1422-1427
173 Gambill W R, Bundy R D, Wansbrough R W. Heat Transfer, Burnout, and Pressure Drop for Water in Swirl Flow Through Tubes with Internal Twisted Tapes. Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser., 1961, 57(32): 127-137
174 Hassid A, Manzoni G. C, Ravetta R. Heat Transfer Crisis with Steam-water Mixtures: An Experimental Study on the Increase of Critical Power with Local Swirl Promoters in Round Tubes. Energia Nuclear, 1966, 13(11): 589-610
175 Agarwal K N. Heat transfer during boiling of refrigerants under swirl flow conditions. Ph. D. thesis. Roorkee University, India, 1984
176 Agarwal K N, Varma H K, Lal S. Pressure drop during forced convection boiling of R-12 under swirl flow. Trans ASME J. Heat Transfer, 1982, 104: 758-762
177 Agarwal K N, Varma H K, Lal S. Heat Transferduring Forced Convection Boiling of R-12 Under Swirl Flow. Trans ASME J. Heat Transfer, 1986, 108: 567-573
178 Bo Pierre. Flow resistance with boiling refrigerants-Part Ⅰ. ASHRAE Journal, 1964, 6: 58-65
179 Agarwal K N, Varma H K. Experimental study of heat transfer augmentation versus pumping power in a horizontal R12 evaporator. International Journal of Refrigeration, 1991, 14 (5): 273-281
180 Jensen M K. Saturated Forced Convective Boiling Heat Transfer with Twisted Tape Inserts. J. Heat Transfer, 1986, 108: 93-99
181 Kudryavtsev I S, Lekakh B M, Paskar B L, et al. Nucleate boiling of water in twisted-tape swirled flow. Heat Transfer-Soviet Research, 1990, 22 (6): 705-712
182 Bergles A E, Fuller W D, Hynek S J. Dispersed flow flim boiling of Nitrogen with swirl flow. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 1971, 14: 1343-1354
183 Michael K J. An evaluation of the effect of twisted-tape swirl generators in two-phase flow heat exchangers. Heat Transfer Eng., 1985, 6(4): 19-30
184 France D M, Carlson R D, Chiang T et al. Critical heat flux experiment and correlation in a long Sodium-heated tube. J. Heat transfer, 1981, 103: 74-80
185 Carlson R D, France D M, Cabler M J, et al. Heat transfer augmentation in liquid metal reactor steam generator. Proc. 1986 Joint ASME/ANS Nuclear Power Conf., ANS, Hinsdale, July 1986: 211-217
186 Papadopoulos P, France D M, Minkowycz W J. Heat transfer to dispersed swirl flow of high-pressure water with low wall superheat. Experimental Heat Transfer, 1991, 4 (2): 153-169
187 Papadopoulos P, France D M, Minkowycz W J, et al. Two-phase dispersed flow heat transfer augmented by twisted taper. Enhanced Heat Transfer, 1994, 4: 305-314
188 Yoo S J, France D M, Tarshish T M. Post-critical heat flux swirl flow heat transfer with two refrigerants and water. Journal of thermophysics and heat transfer, 1997, 11(2): 189-195
189 Weisman J, Yang J Y, Usman S. Phenomenological model for boiling heat transfer and the critical heat flux in tubes containing twisted tapes. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1994, 37 (1): 69-80
190 Suzuki Shinju, Kumagai Satoshi. Transient behavior of subcooled forced-convective boiling with twisted tape inserts. Heat Transfer-Japanese Research, 1996, 25 (3): 178-191
191 刘国维，刘禾，张文．螺旋扭带强化管内的流动沸腾传热．天津大学学报，1997，30(5)：573-579
192 Bergles A E, Lee R A, Mimic N B. Heat Transfer in rough tubes with tape generated swirl flow. J. Heat tmnsfer, Trans. ASME 1969, 91: 443-450
193 Usui H, Sano Y, Iwashita K. Heat transfer enhancement effects by combined use of internally grooved rough surfaces and twisted tapes. Heat transfer-Japanese Research. 1984, 13(4): 19-32
194 Komendantov A S, Kuzma-Kiehta Y A, Vasil'eva L T, et al. Experimental investigation of heat transfer and burnout in condition of nonuniform megawatt heat fluxes. Experimental Heat Transfer, 1991, 4 (3): 281-288
195 Al-Fahed S, Chamra L M, Chakroun W. Pressure drop and heat transfer comparison for both microfin tube and twisted-tape inserts in laminar flow. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1998, 18 (4): 323-333
196 Zimparov, Ventsislav. Enhancement of heat transfer by a combination of three-start spirally corrugated tubes with a twisted tape. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2001, 44(3): 551-574
197 Zimparov Ventsislav. Prediction of friction factors and heat transfer coefficients for turbulent flow in corrugated tubes combined with twisted tape inserts. Part 2: Heat transfer coefficients. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004, 47(2): 385-393
198 Zimparov Ventsislav. Prediction of friction factors and heat transfer coefficients for turbulent flow in corrugated tubes combined with twisted tape inserts. Part 1: Friction factors. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004, 47(3): 589-599
199 Liao Q, Xin M D. Augmentation of convective heat transfer inside tubes with three-dimensional internal extended surfaces and twisted-tape inserts. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2000, 78(2): 95-105
200 Smit F J, Meyer J P. R-22 and zeotropic R-22/R-142b mixture condensation in mierofin, high-fin and twisted tape insert tubes. ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 2002, 124 (5): 912-921
201 廖强，辛明道．三维内肋管内插入扭带的强化传热实验．工程热物理学报，1994，15(2)：200-204
202 沈慧，周强泰．扭带插入螺纹管复合强化传热实验研究．发电设备，1997，(4)：28-311
203 Sivasharrnugam P, Sundaram S. Improvement in performance of heat exchanger fitted with twisted tape. Journal of Energy Engirteering, 1999, 125(1): 35-40
204 Ayub Z. Case study: Practical application of enhancement device in an ammonia flooded evaporator. Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer, 1999, 6(1): 31-35
205 Chang S W. Heat transfer of orthogonal-mode reciprocating tube fitted with twisted-tape. Journal of Experimental Heat Transfer, 2000, 13: 61-86
206 Chang S W. Heat transfer of parallel-mode reciprocating tube flow with twisted-tape insert for piston cooling application. ASME Journal of Gas Turbine and Power, 2001, 123: 146-156
207 Chang S W, Zheng Y. Enhanced heat transfer with swirl duct under rolling and pitching environment. Journal of Ship Research, 2002, 46 (3): 149-166
208 尹余升．插入件强化传热在热水炉中的应用．工业锅炉，1998，(1)：21-13
209 尹余升．新型插入件管式换热器的实验研究[硕士论文]．北京：北京科技大学，1993
210 Perry J B, Arlington M, Benjamin F L, et al. Heat exchange means space vehicles: US, 3086372[P]. 1960.2.19
211 Billly M N. Tube cleaner having anchored rotatable spiral member: US, 4174750[P]. 1978.4.18
212 Jeremy W G. Perforate Bearin Plate for Turbulators in Heat Exchangers: US, 4564066[P]. 1986.4.14
213 Jeremy W G. Modification for Heat Exchangers Incorporating a Helically Shaped Blande and Pin Shaped Support: US, 4641705[P]. 1987.2.10
214 ELF FRANCE. Rtaryanchorge for scouringblades in heat exchanger tubes: FR, 2554520[P]. 1983.11.9
215 GallienA. Self-Cleaning Heat Exchanger Tube: DD, 207642A[P]. 1984.3.7
216 ORGREB—INS KRAFTW. Cleaning device for internal tube walls-consists of twisted metal strips: DD, 268289A[P]. 1988.1.13
217 MITSUBISHI JUKOGYO KK. Steel pipe used in research work to improve performance of heat exchanger has twist plate attached along length of central shaft supported through central hollow section of pipe which directs water flowing through pipe towards inner peripheral wall of pipe: JP, 09280783A[P]. 97.10.31
218 金国珍．工程塑料．北京：化学工业出版社，2001，
219 彭德其．盐蒸发器加热管结晶盐自动清洗技术研究．海湖盐与化工，2001，(4)：28-30
220 周立，俞天兰，彭德其，等．立式水冷器污垢自动清洗扭带结构优化研究．湘潭大学自然科学学报，2001，23(1)：88-90
221 彭德其 刘跃平，俞秀民，等．火电厂凝汽器管内水垢的自动清洗技术研究．电站系统工程，2003，(2)：27-28
222 俞天兰、彭德其，刘桂英，等．汽轮机冷凝器自转塑料扭带自动在线连续除垢防垢技术研究．现代化工，2002，(6)：46-48
223 俞天兰，彭德其，俞秀民，等．电厂汽轮机冷凝器污垢自动清洗及其强化传热．化工装备技术，2002，23(3)：30-32
224 俞秀民，俞天兰，吴金香，等．传热管内旋转清洗器具的管口固定装置，专利申请号ZL00224697.X
225 俞秀民，蒋少青，俞天兰，等．一种传热管内旋转清洗元件的轴向定位装置，专利申请号02139601.9，20020913
226 彭德其，俞秀民，吴金香，等．传热管内旋转清洗器具的管口固定装置，专利号02277259.6，2002913
227 俞秀民，俞天兰，吴金香，等，传热管内旋转清洗器具的管口固定装置，专利ZL00224697.X，2000
228 俞天兰，俞秀民，彭德其，等，一种自转式双面齿形平带管内清洗及传热强化技术，专利申请号200310110560.4
229 俞秀民，俞天兰，彭德其，等．一种管内自转式清洗及传热强化的双面齿形平带，专利号200320114210.0，2003
230 Yu Tianlan, Yu Xiumin, Jiang Shaoqing, et al. The Technology of Enhancing Heat Transfer and Preventing Fouling with Heat Transfer Dynaflow Twisted Strips. International Conference on Energy and Environment, Shanghai, China, 2003: 756-760
231 罗健康，俞秀民，俞天兰，等．水冷设备污垢自转螺旋清洗防垢技术．石油化工设备，2004，33(5)：53-55
232 俞天兰，彭德其，蒋少青，等．立式壳管式氨冷凝器自动除垢防垢技术．化学工程，2002，30(4)：72-74
233 林溶端．换热管内微型液轮机在线除垢装置：中国专利，99210377[P]，2001．7
234 林榕端，林清宇，冯庆革．换热管内微型液轮机在线除垢装置．中国专利，ZL99210377[P]，2000．03．10
235 林溶端，林清宇，冯庆革，等．换热管内微型液轮机研究．机械工程学报，2001，37(7)：41-43
236 翟丽华，朱志彬，董美英，等．内置液轮机换热管的换热研究．装备制造技术， 2004，(4)：13-15
237 林清宇，林榕端，李培宁．换热管内自动防垢液轮机主要结构参数试验研究．中国机械工程，2004，15(4)：346-348
238 林清宇，冯庆革，甘加业，林榕端．用ANSYS预测内置液轮机的换热管内流动场．广西机械，2003，(1)：33-36
239 俞秀民，俞天兰，叶施仁，等．列管式水冷设备自转塑料扭带自动除垢防垢技术．湘潭大学学报，1998，(3)：120—123
240 Gondal M A, Mastromarino J, Uwe KA. Laser Doppler velocimeter for remote measurement of polluted water and aerosols discharges. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2002, 38: 589-600
241 刘恒，钟本和，刘勋，等．搅拌槽内絮凝动力学研究．高校化学工程学报，2002，16(4)：378-383
242 毛德明，冯连芳，许国军，等．用LDA研究搅拌釜内的流场．高校化学工程学报，1996，10(3)：258-263
243 维菊，陈文梅，魏星，等．流式直立微滤膜器流场数值模拟及试验研究．高校化学工程学报，2004，18(1)：38-43
244 胡元，时铭显．蜗壳式旋风分离器内的湍流特性(Ⅰ)分离空间．化工学报，2004，55(3)：345-350
245 胡元，时铭显．蜗壳式旋风分离器内的湍流特性(Ⅱ)环形空间．化工学报，2004，55(3)：351-355
246 雷雨冰，袁亚雄，赵进坚，等．燃烧室流场的LDV测量及其数值计算．南京理工大学学报，2003，27(6)：674-677
247 Wen Guang Li. Effects of viscosity of fluids on centrifugal pump performance and flow pattern in the impeller. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2000, 21: 207-212
248 Jean-Michel Mufuta M B. Comparison of experimental values and numerical simulation on a set-up simulating the cross-section of a disc-type transformer. Int. J. Therm. Sci., 1999, 38: 424-435
249 Marina Ubaldi, Pietro Zunino. An experimental study of the unsteady characteristics of the turbulent near wake of a turbine blade. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2000, 23: 23-33
250 戴昌晖．流体流动测量．北京：航空工业出版社，1991
251 杜斯特，梅林，怀特洛．激光多普勒测速技术的原理和实践．北京：科学出版社，1992
252 沈熊．激光多普勒测示技术及应用．北京：清华大学出版社，2004
253 景思睿，张鸣运．流体力学．西安：西安交通大学出版社，2001
254 陶文铨．计算传热学的近代进展．北京：科学出版社，2000
255 陶文铨．数值传热学．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1988
256 陶文铨，陈在康．计算流体力学与传热学．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1991
257 郭宽良．计算传热学．合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社，1988
258 Yakhot V, Orszag S A. Renormalization Group analysis of turbulence 1: Basic theory. Journal of Scientific Computing, 1996: 1-15
259 陈贵林．CFD软件的明日之星—CFD-FLOW3D．CAD与自动化，1994，(10)：55-62
260 陈贵林，CFD软件简介与评估．CAD与自动化，1994，(11)：50-59
261 杨文娟，孙奉仲，黄新元，等．300 MW机组凝汽器汽侧换热性能的三维数值模拟与分析．动力工程，2005，25(2)：175-178
262 周静，何品晶，程德理，等．传质对热天平坩埚内煤焦气化反应的影响．化工学报，2005，56(1)：35-40
263 Chen ChingWen. Numerical analysis for the multi-phase flow of pulverized coal injection inside blast furnace tuyere. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2005, 29 (9): 871-884
264 Prithivirajm, Rews, M J. Three dimentional numerical simulation of shell and tube heat exchangers. Heat Transfer, 1998, 33: 817-828
265 Prithivirajm, RewsM J. Comparison of three dimension simulation numerical model with existing methods for prediction of flow in shell and tube heat exchangers. Heat Transfer Engineering, 1999, 20: 15-19
266 甘庆军，简弃非，许石嵩．换热器翅片表面空气流动热力过程的三维数值模拟．制冷，2004，23(3)：5-9
267 黄兴华，王启杰，陆震．管壳式换热器壳程流动和传热的三维数值模拟．化工学报，2000，51(3)：297-302
268 邓斌，陶文铨．管壳式换热器壳侧湍流流动与换热的三维数值模拟．化工学报，2004，55(7)：1053-1059
269 Kim S E, Choudhury D. A near-wall treatment using wall functions sensitized to pressure gradient. ASME FED Separated and Complex Flow, 1995, 217: 273-280
270 Fluent Inc.. Fluent 6.0 User' s Guide Volume 2. Fluent Inc. Centerra Resource Park, 2001
271 俞天兰，彭德其，俞秀民，等．电厂汽轮机冷凝器污垢自动清洗及其传热强化．化 工装备技术，2002，23(3)：30～32
272 周立，俞天兰，彭德其，等．电厂真空冷凝器自动除垢及传热强化技术．节能技术，2001，19(3)：25-27
273 景思睿，张鸣运．流体力学．西安：西安交通大学出版社，2001
274 天津大学化工原理教研室．化工原理(第2版)．天津：天津科学技术出版社，1987
275 杨世铭．传热学(第2版)．北京：高等教育出版社，1987
276 柴诚敬，张国亮．化工流体流动与传热．北京：化学工业出版社，2000
277 吴百诗．大学物理(上册)．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1990
278 Somerseale E F C, Knudsen J G. Fouling of Heat Transfer [M]. New Yoke: Hemisphere Publication Corporation, 1981