多煤层叠置条件下的煤层气成藏作用
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摘要
多煤层条件下的煤层气成藏作用具有其特殊性,含煤地层高频旋回普遍发育,深刻地影响到煤层气成藏效应。为此,本文以黔西织纳煤田比德-三塘盆地为对象,重点探讨了多煤层条件下的煤层气成藏特征与地质机理,取得如下主要创新成果:
首先,基于单井含煤地层微量元素地球化学分析,结合整个盆地典型钻孔的钻探资料分析,修正了区内晚二叠系含煤地层的层序格架。识别出4个层序界面,划分为5个三级层序。认为层序结构为二元组合,由海侵体系域和高位体系域组成。
第二,综合运用相关测试手段,首次揭示和表征了煤层孔渗性,吸附性,扩散性等在沉积序列上的变化规律。研究发现:煤的孔径随层位降低而趋于减小,孔容波动性较小,孔比表面积随层位降低而趋于增大,暗示煤吸附能力随层位降低而有所增强,但储气能力变化不大;煤岩渗透率随层位变化呈现为3个突变式半旋回,高渗层位集中于最大海泛面附近及海侵体系域,与三级层序结构具有较高的一致性;煤的吸附常数随层位降低具增高趋势,但兰氏压力在局部煤层出现异常;煤的扩散系数在层序Ⅲ中最高。研究区泥岩、粉砂岩、细砂岩、灰岩都是煤层的良好封盖层,扩散系数远远小于煤层,这是煤层之间地下流体贯通不畅的一个重要原因。
第三,完善了基于现代无损测试技术的煤储层物性表征方式,揭示了相关参数在沉积序列上的显现特征。研究发现:层位降低,煤层NMR束缚水饱和度增高,NMR-T2c增大,可动流体孔隙度减小,气测渗透率降低,孔渗性总体上逐渐变差。提出了煤岩渗透率的Coates修正模型。借助MIMICS软件,建立了煤岩孔隙度CT表征公式。引入CT数偏差来定量表述煤层的非均质性,发现层序Ⅲ非均质性最强。
第四,首次耦合分析层序地层结构与煤层含气性和物性之间关系,区分出多层叠置独立和多层统一两类含气系统,提出了层序地层结构下的控气模式。研究认为:三级层序海侵体系域为一个相对封闭层,高位体系域是一个相对开放层,由此构成与三级层序相对应的独立含气系统,导致煤层含气量在层序边界附近发生突变。分析了两类含气系统的空间配置关系,认为水公河、三塘、珠藏等向斜发育4套以上的多层叠置独立含气系统,它们与阿弓、比德等向斜的多层统一含气系统在空间上共存。
此外,基于煤层重烃浓度异常与钻孔涌水和漏水情况之间的关系,初步认为重烃异常具有指示煤层气成藏效应的作用,重烃异常区存在煤层流体超压的可能性。
Coalbed methane(CBM) reservoiring process had particularity under multi-coalbeds condition, coal-bearing strata developed high frequency caycles, that influenced CBM reservoiring effect.Taking Bide-santang basin of Zhina coal field in western Guizhou province as the study object, CBM reservoiring character and geology mechanism under multi-coalbeds condition were emphatically discussed.The following major innovations were achieved.
Firstly,based on trace element geochemistry annlysis of coal-bearing strata from single well, combined with other reprensentative boreholes data in study area,sequence stratigraphic framework of late Permian coal-bearing strata was amended.Four sequence boundaries were identified,and five third-order sequences were divided.Sequence structure was a binary combination including the TST and HST.
Secondly,through synthetically using of relevant test methods, the changing law of porosity-permeability, adsorption character and diffusibility of coal along sedimentary sequence were firstly revealed and characterized.The results showed that: with coal bed horizon falling, pore structure of coal appeared that aperture decreased,pore volume fluctuated with a small range,while pore surface increased,that meaned that adsorption capacity of coal increasing and storage gas capacity changing little with coal bed horizon falling.Coal permeability presented three mutation semi-cycles with coal bed horzion changing. High permeability coal seam concentrated in the vicinity of the MFS and TST,which had higher consistency with third-order sequence. Langmuir volume and pressure of coal appeared heightening with coal bed horizon falling,but Langmuir pressure showed abnormal in some coal bed.Coal of sequenceⅢhad the highest diffusion coefficient. Mudstone,siltstone,fine sandstone and limestone were good capping layer in suday area,with low diffusion coeffient which was far less than coal’. It was an important reason that underground fluid had poor relation between coal bed.
Thirdly,coal reservoir property characterization based on modern nondestructive testing technique were perfected,and occurrence character of relavant parameters along sedimentary sequence was revealed.The study showed: with coal bed falling,the irreducible water saturation and T2c of NMR increased, while movable fluid porosity and gas permeability decreased,coal porosity-permeability generally become worse.Coates correction model of coal permeability was proposed.Using MIMICS software,the porosity CT formula of coal was established. The CT number deviation was introduced to quantify the heterogeneity of coal,and the heterogeneity of sequenceⅢwas the strongest.
Fourthly,for the first time,coupling analysis of stratigraphic sequence structure, gas-bearing property and properties, unattached multiple superposed CBM system and unified multiple CBM system were distinguished,and controlling-gas model of stratigraphic sequence structure was proposed. Sudies suggested that: the TST of third -order sequence was a relatively closed layer,and HST was a relatively open layer. Thus unattached CBM system corresponding with third-order sequence was developed, which leaded CBM content had mutation in the interface of sequence. Collocated relation in space of two type CBM system was analyzed. The paper thought that Shuigonghe, Santang and Zhuzang syncline developed more than 4 unattached multiple superposed CBM systems, while Agong and Bide syncline deverloped unified multiple CBM system,they co-existed and configured in space.
In addition,based on the relation of coal heavy hydrocarbon abnormity,gushing water drilling and leaking water drilling of coal-bearing strata, the paper preliminary thougt that heavy hydrocarbon abnormity had the denotative role of CBM reservoiring effect,and the area of heavy hydrocarbon abnormity had the possibility of overpressure in coal reservoir.
首先,基于单井含煤地层微量元素地球化学分析,结合整个盆地典型钻孔的钻探资料分析,修正了区内晚二叠系含煤地层的层序格架。识别出4个层序界面,划分为5个三级层序。认为层序结构为二元组合,由海侵体系域和高位体系域组成。
第二,综合运用相关测试手段,首次揭示和表征了煤层孔渗性,吸附性,扩散性等在沉积序列上的变化规律。研究发现:煤的孔径随层位降低而趋于减小,孔容波动性较小,孔比表面积随层位降低而趋于增大,暗示煤吸附能力随层位降低而有所增强,但储气能力变化不大;煤岩渗透率随层位变化呈现为3个突变式半旋回,高渗层位集中于最大海泛面附近及海侵体系域,与三级层序结构具有较高的一致性;煤的吸附常数随层位降低具增高趋势,但兰氏压力在局部煤层出现异常;煤的扩散系数在层序Ⅲ中最高。研究区泥岩、粉砂岩、细砂岩、灰岩都是煤层的良好封盖层,扩散系数远远小于煤层,这是煤层之间地下流体贯通不畅的一个重要原因。
第三,完善了基于现代无损测试技术的煤储层物性表征方式,揭示了相关参数在沉积序列上的显现特征。研究发现:层位降低,煤层NMR束缚水饱和度增高,NMR-T2c增大,可动流体孔隙度减小,气测渗透率降低,孔渗性总体上逐渐变差。提出了煤岩渗透率的Coates修正模型。借助MIMICS软件,建立了煤岩孔隙度CT表征公式。引入CT数偏差来定量表述煤层的非均质性,发现层序Ⅲ非均质性最强。
第四,首次耦合分析层序地层结构与煤层含气性和物性之间关系,区分出多层叠置独立和多层统一两类含气系统,提出了层序地层结构下的控气模式。研究认为:三级层序海侵体系域为一个相对封闭层,高位体系域是一个相对开放层,由此构成与三级层序相对应的独立含气系统,导致煤层含气量在层序边界附近发生突变。分析了两类含气系统的空间配置关系,认为水公河、三塘、珠藏等向斜发育4套以上的多层叠置独立含气系统,它们与阿弓、比德等向斜的多层统一含气系统在空间上共存。
此外,基于煤层重烃浓度异常与钻孔涌水和漏水情况之间的关系,初步认为重烃异常具有指示煤层气成藏效应的作用,重烃异常区存在煤层流体超压的可能性。
Coalbed methane(CBM) reservoiring process had particularity under multi-coalbeds condition, coal-bearing strata developed high frequency caycles, that influenced CBM reservoiring effect.Taking Bide-santang basin of Zhina coal field in western Guizhou province as the study object, CBM reservoiring character and geology mechanism under multi-coalbeds condition were emphatically discussed.The following major innovations were achieved.
Firstly,based on trace element geochemistry annlysis of coal-bearing strata from single well, combined with other reprensentative boreholes data in study area,sequence stratigraphic framework of late Permian coal-bearing strata was amended.Four sequence boundaries were identified,and five third-order sequences were divided.Sequence structure was a binary combination including the TST and HST.
Secondly,through synthetically using of relevant test methods, the changing law of porosity-permeability, adsorption character and diffusibility of coal along sedimentary sequence were firstly revealed and characterized.The results showed that: with coal bed horizon falling, pore structure of coal appeared that aperture decreased,pore volume fluctuated with a small range,while pore surface increased,that meaned that adsorption capacity of coal increasing and storage gas capacity changing little with coal bed horizon falling.Coal permeability presented three mutation semi-cycles with coal bed horzion changing. High permeability coal seam concentrated in the vicinity of the MFS and TST,which had higher consistency with third-order sequence. Langmuir volume and pressure of coal appeared heightening with coal bed horizon falling,but Langmuir pressure showed abnormal in some coal bed.Coal of sequenceⅢhad the highest diffusion coefficient. Mudstone,siltstone,fine sandstone and limestone were good capping layer in suday area,with low diffusion coeffient which was far less than coal’. It was an important reason that underground fluid had poor relation between coal bed.
Thirdly,coal reservoir property characterization based on modern nondestructive testing technique were perfected,and occurrence character of relavant parameters along sedimentary sequence was revealed.The study showed: with coal bed falling,the irreducible water saturation and T2c of NMR increased, while movable fluid porosity and gas permeability decreased,coal porosity-permeability generally become worse.Coates correction model of coal permeability was proposed.Using MIMICS software,the porosity CT formula of coal was established. The CT number deviation was introduced to quantify the heterogeneity of coal,and the heterogeneity of sequenceⅢwas the strongest.
Fourthly,for the first time,coupling analysis of stratigraphic sequence structure, gas-bearing property and properties, unattached multiple superposed CBM system and unified multiple CBM system were distinguished,and controlling-gas model of stratigraphic sequence structure was proposed. Sudies suggested that: the TST of third -order sequence was a relatively closed layer,and HST was a relatively open layer. Thus unattached CBM system corresponding with third-order sequence was developed, which leaded CBM content had mutation in the interface of sequence. Collocated relation in space of two type CBM system was analyzed. The paper thought that Shuigonghe, Santang and Zhuzang syncline developed more than 4 unattached multiple superposed CBM systems, while Agong and Bide syncline deverloped unified multiple CBM system,they co-existed and configured in space.
In addition,based on the relation of coal heavy hydrocarbon abnormity,gushing water drilling and leaking water drilling of coal-bearing strata, the paper preliminary thougt that heavy hydrocarbon abnormity had the denotative role of CBM reservoiring effect,and the area of heavy hydrocarbon abnormity had the possibility of overpressure in coal reservoir.
引文
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