蒙树培艺术初探
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摘要
蒙树培,又名寿芝、寿孳,自号邋遢僧、镰阳山人等。1869年(清同治八年)生于同州,祖籍今陕西渭南大荔县西汉村。出生于武门世家,自幼天资聪颖,好读书且尤喜翰墨之事。17岁时入同州府邑痒,更加刻苦勤学、笔耕不辍,学台观其之作,大为叹赏,赞之日：“字盖十城之冠”。24岁时出任山西潞安府长治县分知事一职,任职八年有余,在为官期间勤政清廉,为人正直,办事公允,深受民众尊重与拥护,离任时民众为蒙赠送“万人伞”、“万人衣”并特制“分疆化洽,佐治风清”匾额,以示蒙树培的千秋之功绩。1901年(清光绪二十七年)前后,蒙树培又升职为广东花县县令,然又因其父蒙师恩去世,即未到广东赴任,遂在家丁忧三年,以表孝心。到清政府灭亡以后蒙树培便潜心于书画研究与创作,以书言志,以画喻节。1919年(民国七年)蒙树培携家人一起从西安出发,沿途经过开封等地到达北京,住北京同州会馆。不久,又辗转居于上海多年,活跃于当时的海上画坛。其间,时常也奔走于南京、杭州等地,深交了印光法师、于右任、王一亭、张镜吾、经亨颐、阎甘园、徐慕云、钱化佛、王陶民、刘公鲁、郑逸梅等诸多当时活跃于海上画坛、文艺界和政界的志趣相投者。时常与诸多朋友一起参加上海绘画社团、单位和各类翰墨雅集,谈道论艺,畅述心怀。到晚年,蒙又皈依佛门对佛学深有所悟,并深受印光法师的佛学思想影响,自号“邋遢僧”。也就是在这一时期的海上书画生涯对蒙树培艺术有着深远的影响,现留存于世的诸多精品力作也就是这一时期的创作成果。1935年底(民国二十四年)蒙树培自上海遥返故里,沿途各省、地书画界热情迎送,索字求画者应接不暇,回乡后村民好友来访者络绎不绝。因颠簸劳累身染沉疴,于1937年(民国二十六年)正月十五日仙逝于同州家中。蒙树培去世后,于右任先生在悼词中感叹道：“惠被关中,泽施河内。哀鸿反哺,思犹己饥”。
蒙树培是陕西清末民初时期著名的书画家,其在陕西地域文化空间中,启蒙于传统关学思想教育,又辗转于北京、上海等地,其艺术修养全面,于山水、花鸟、书法、篆刻均无所不能,作品风格和艺术思想兼有南北特征,形成独特的个人艺术风貌。其凭借杰出的艺术成就和曾经与“海上画派”密切的交往与联系,对陕西近现代美术史以及“海上画派”都有着非常重要的积极意义。笔者通过对蒙树培相关资料的收集与整理,对蒙树培艺术的诸多问题进行了相对深入的分析与研究,从而较为清晰地阐述了蒙树培的个人生平、艺术思想、艺术作品、艺术活动等方面的诸多问题。使学术界能进一步对蒙树培有较为全面和清晰地认识,从而对蒙树培的文化价值与历史地位有较为正确的判断与评价；同时,也更加清晰陕西清末民初的美术与“海上画派”之间的交流的诸多问题；另外,也能通过蒙树培作品的风格特点以及蒙树培对后来陕西美术发展的影响,对摸清“长安画派”前期的绘画渊源起到重要作用,从而就能进一步对正确把握和评价“长安画派”绘画的诸多问题以及深入研究有非常大的帮助和现实意义。
文章包括引言、正文六章、结语和附表共九部分内容。
第一章引言部分首先从对本课题的选题学术旨趣和意义、研究历史和现状、研究方法以及论文的基本框架和主要内容这几方面对本课题研究的学术价值与意义进行分析；第二章对蒙树培的生平简历进行了概述；第三章分析论述了蒙树培启蒙教育与艺术思想的渊源,对进一步分析和论述蒙树培艺术作品风格特点的形成,奠定理论基础；第四章就在前几章节的基础上对蒙树培艺术师承关系按照绘画与书法篆刻分为两部分进行了阐述；第五章和第六章笔者分别对蒙树培金石书画交游与艺术思想进行了资料收集和论述；第七章是对通过有选择的收集和整理之后,从山水画、花鸟画以及书法篆刻这三个方面对蒙树培的艺术作品进行了分析研究；第八章为全文的结语部分,分别论述了蒙树培对陕西近现代美术史发展的积极意义和蒙树培艺术研究的价值与现实意义；全文之后,笔者又在现有的资料基础上对蒙树培艺术简历进行整理与归纳,完成了蒙树培艺术活动简表和蒙树培艺术作品选图,遂一并附于其后。
Meng Shupei, also known as Shou Zhi, Shou Zi, called himself sloppy monk, Lian Yangshan and so on, was born in Tongzhou in the year of 1869 (the eighth year of TongZhi). His ancestral home is Xihan village in Dali County, Weinan of Shanxi now.Born in a aristocratic family of kongfu,he was very intelligent, and interested in reading,especially,calligraphy and painting. When he was 17 years old, he steped into the state school, and studied more diligently and never stopped practising. Having seen his painting works, the superintendent spoked highly of him. At the age of 24,he was granted to be the sub-governor of Changzhi County government, serving more than eight years.During the years,he was so hard-working that he was deeply respected and supported by the people. Appreciated by his hard work, justice, honesty and great achievements, people presented him with ten-thousand-people umbrella and ten-thousand-people clothes and a thankful inscribed board before his leaving. In the year 1901 (twenty-seventh year of kuangxi), he had been promoted to be the governer of Huaxian, Guangdong. However,because of the death of his father Meng Shien, he did not reach the Guangzhou appointment,but was in mourning for his father for three years.After the demise of the Qing government, he concentrated on painting study and creation to express his feelings and ambitions in the early time of the Republic of China. In the year of 1919 (the seventh year of the Republic of China) he started from Xi'an, Kaifeng and other places along the way before arriving in Beijing with his family and resided at Tongzhou guild hall of BeiJing. Soon, he removed to Shanghai and lived there for a few years. At that time he was active in the Maritime Painting Association. During this period, he was also busy running in Nanjing, Hangzhou and other places making friends with Master of YinGuang, Yu Youren, Wang Yiting, Zhang Jingwu, Jing Hengyi, Yan Ganyuan, Xu Muyun, Qian Huafo, Wang Taomin, iu Gonglu, Zheng Yimei and other activists of the Marine Painting Association, literature and art and politics who had similar interests with him.
He often joined Shanghai art community and various types of calligraphy Gathering and talked about arts with his friends.In his later years, influented by Master of YinGuang, he had been converted to Buddhism and called himself'sloppy monk'. The life at the Maritime Painting Association had a profound impact on Meng Shupei'arts.His many excellent works well known to the world are also the creativities of this period. By the end of 1935 (twentieth year of the Republic of China), he started from Shanghai and got a very warm welcome along the way back to his hometown by people from the culture, calligraphy and painting groups.Because of blumping and fatigue in the road,he got ill and passed away at his home in Tongzhou on the 15th of January in 1937 (twentieth year of the Republic of China).After the death of Meng Shupei, Yu Youren said"Benefit GuanZhong and HeNei and yearning by all the people" in his eulogy.
Meng Shupei is a famous painter and calligrapher in Shanxi during late Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China.Initiated in geographical and cultural space of Shanxi, he also enlightened by the thought of traditional education and traveled around to Beijing and Shanghai.His artistic accomplishment covered all aspects, including landscapes, flowers and birds, calligraphy,seal engraving.His style and artistic characteristics thought contain both north and south style, forming a unique personal artistic style. With its outstanding artistic achievements and close contacts with the Maritime Painting Association once, he has very important and positive significances to the history of Shanxi modern art as well as the Maritime Painting Association.
In order to make the academic circle have a further acquaintance about Meng Shupei so that we can make a correct judgment about Meng Shupei's cultrual value and historic statue, the author collected and collated many relative informations about Meng Shupei and also analysised and researched the art of Meng Shupei devotionally, through which the author explained many issues about Meng Shupei, including his personal life, art thought,artistic works and art activities. We can know a few matters about communications between the Shanxi art in late years of Qing dynasty and the Marine Painting Association. Alternatively, working through the style of Meng Shupei and the infulence he made on the later development of Shanxi art,we can find out the origin of the early painting of'Chang'an School', through which we can have a further correct understanding and evaluation to many issues of“Chang'an School”.It has great help and practical significance to make further study.
This paper consists of nine parts totally,namely introduction, body chapters(including six chapter), conclusion and attached lists,.
The introductory chapter talks about the reasons for choosing topic,significance, history and current situation and research methods of this topic and the basic framework as well as main contents of the article, through which the author analyses the academic value and significance of this subject; The second chapter provides an overview of Meng Shupei's life; The third chapter discusses Meng Shupei's elementary education and the Origin of his art thought to lay a theoretical foundation to further analysis; Based on the former Several sections,the fourth chapter describes Meng Shupei's art in two parts(calligraphy and painting) seperatly; The author makes some discussion and data collection about Meng Shupei's stone paintings and art thoughts respectively in chapters V and VI; Chapter VII researches Meng Shupei's works through three aspects, including landscape, bird and calligraphy seal after having selected and reorgnised the materials;ChapterⅧ,the conclusion part of the paper,discusses the positive meaning Meng Shupei has made to the development of Shanxi's modern art history and the art value as well as practical significance to research Meng Shupei'art;Based on the information available,the author has sorted out the Meng Shupei's art resume and completed the Meng Shupei'art activity tables and works of art choice attached thereafter after the whole paper.
蒙树培是陕西清末民初时期著名的书画家,其在陕西地域文化空间中,启蒙于传统关学思想教育,又辗转于北京、上海等地,其艺术修养全面,于山水、花鸟、书法、篆刻均无所不能,作品风格和艺术思想兼有南北特征,形成独特的个人艺术风貌。其凭借杰出的艺术成就和曾经与“海上画派”密切的交往与联系,对陕西近现代美术史以及“海上画派”都有着非常重要的积极意义。笔者通过对蒙树培相关资料的收集与整理,对蒙树培艺术的诸多问题进行了相对深入的分析与研究,从而较为清晰地阐述了蒙树培的个人生平、艺术思想、艺术作品、艺术活动等方面的诸多问题。使学术界能进一步对蒙树培有较为全面和清晰地认识,从而对蒙树培的文化价值与历史地位有较为正确的判断与评价；同时,也更加清晰陕西清末民初的美术与“海上画派”之间的交流的诸多问题；另外,也能通过蒙树培作品的风格特点以及蒙树培对后来陕西美术发展的影响,对摸清“长安画派”前期的绘画渊源起到重要作用,从而就能进一步对正确把握和评价“长安画派”绘画的诸多问题以及深入研究有非常大的帮助和现实意义。
文章包括引言、正文六章、结语和附表共九部分内容。
第一章引言部分首先从对本课题的选题学术旨趣和意义、研究历史和现状、研究方法以及论文的基本框架和主要内容这几方面对本课题研究的学术价值与意义进行分析；第二章对蒙树培的生平简历进行了概述；第三章分析论述了蒙树培启蒙教育与艺术思想的渊源,对进一步分析和论述蒙树培艺术作品风格特点的形成,奠定理论基础；第四章就在前几章节的基础上对蒙树培艺术师承关系按照绘画与书法篆刻分为两部分进行了阐述；第五章和第六章笔者分别对蒙树培金石书画交游与艺术思想进行了资料收集和论述；第七章是对通过有选择的收集和整理之后,从山水画、花鸟画以及书法篆刻这三个方面对蒙树培的艺术作品进行了分析研究；第八章为全文的结语部分,分别论述了蒙树培对陕西近现代美术史发展的积极意义和蒙树培艺术研究的价值与现实意义；全文之后,笔者又在现有的资料基础上对蒙树培艺术简历进行整理与归纳,完成了蒙树培艺术活动简表和蒙树培艺术作品选图,遂一并附于其后。
Meng Shupei, also known as Shou Zhi, Shou Zi, called himself sloppy monk, Lian Yangshan and so on, was born in Tongzhou in the year of 1869 (the eighth year of TongZhi). His ancestral home is Xihan village in Dali County, Weinan of Shanxi now.Born in a aristocratic family of kongfu,he was very intelligent, and interested in reading,especially,calligraphy and painting. When he was 17 years old, he steped into the state school, and studied more diligently and never stopped practising. Having seen his painting works, the superintendent spoked highly of him. At the age of 24,he was granted to be the sub-governor of Changzhi County government, serving more than eight years.During the years,he was so hard-working that he was deeply respected and supported by the people. Appreciated by his hard work, justice, honesty and great achievements, people presented him with ten-thousand-people umbrella and ten-thousand-people clothes and a thankful inscribed board before his leaving. In the year 1901 (twenty-seventh year of kuangxi), he had been promoted to be the governer of Huaxian, Guangdong. However,because of the death of his father Meng Shien, he did not reach the Guangzhou appointment,but was in mourning for his father for three years.After the demise of the Qing government, he concentrated on painting study and creation to express his feelings and ambitions in the early time of the Republic of China. In the year of 1919 (the seventh year of the Republic of China) he started from Xi'an, Kaifeng and other places along the way before arriving in Beijing with his family and resided at Tongzhou guild hall of BeiJing. Soon, he removed to Shanghai and lived there for a few years. At that time he was active in the Maritime Painting Association. During this period, he was also busy running in Nanjing, Hangzhou and other places making friends with Master of YinGuang, Yu Youren, Wang Yiting, Zhang Jingwu, Jing Hengyi, Yan Ganyuan, Xu Muyun, Qian Huafo, Wang Taomin, iu Gonglu, Zheng Yimei and other activists of the Marine Painting Association, literature and art and politics who had similar interests with him.
He often joined Shanghai art community and various types of calligraphy Gathering and talked about arts with his friends.In his later years, influented by Master of YinGuang, he had been converted to Buddhism and called himself'sloppy monk'. The life at the Maritime Painting Association had a profound impact on Meng Shupei'arts.His many excellent works well known to the world are also the creativities of this period. By the end of 1935 (twentieth year of the Republic of China), he started from Shanghai and got a very warm welcome along the way back to his hometown by people from the culture, calligraphy and painting groups.Because of blumping and fatigue in the road,he got ill and passed away at his home in Tongzhou on the 15th of January in 1937 (twentieth year of the Republic of China).After the death of Meng Shupei, Yu Youren said"Benefit GuanZhong and HeNei and yearning by all the people" in his eulogy.
Meng Shupei is a famous painter and calligrapher in Shanxi during late Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China.Initiated in geographical and cultural space of Shanxi, he also enlightened by the thought of traditional education and traveled around to Beijing and Shanghai.His artistic accomplishment covered all aspects, including landscapes, flowers and birds, calligraphy,seal engraving.His style and artistic characteristics thought contain both north and south style, forming a unique personal artistic style. With its outstanding artistic achievements and close contacts with the Maritime Painting Association once, he has very important and positive significances to the history of Shanxi modern art as well as the Maritime Painting Association.
In order to make the academic circle have a further acquaintance about Meng Shupei so that we can make a correct judgment about Meng Shupei's cultrual value and historic statue, the author collected and collated many relative informations about Meng Shupei and also analysised and researched the art of Meng Shupei devotionally, through which the author explained many issues about Meng Shupei, including his personal life, art thought,artistic works and art activities. We can know a few matters about communications between the Shanxi art in late years of Qing dynasty and the Marine Painting Association. Alternatively, working through the style of Meng Shupei and the infulence he made on the later development of Shanxi art,we can find out the origin of the early painting of'Chang'an School', through which we can have a further correct understanding and evaluation to many issues of“Chang'an School”.It has great help and practical significance to make further study.
This paper consists of nine parts totally,namely introduction, body chapters(including six chapter), conclusion and attached lists,.
The introductory chapter talks about the reasons for choosing topic,significance, history and current situation and research methods of this topic and the basic framework as well as main contents of the article, through which the author analyses the academic value and significance of this subject; The second chapter provides an overview of Meng Shupei's life; The third chapter discusses Meng Shupei's elementary education and the Origin of his art thought to lay a theoretical foundation to further analysis; Based on the former Several sections,the fourth chapter describes Meng Shupei's art in two parts(calligraphy and painting) seperatly; The author makes some discussion and data collection about Meng Shupei's stone paintings and art thoughts respectively in chapters V and VI; Chapter VII researches Meng Shupei's works through three aspects, including landscape, bird and calligraphy seal after having selected and reorgnised the materials;ChapterⅧ,the conclusion part of the paper,discusses the positive meaning Meng Shupei has made to the development of Shanxi's modern art history and the art value as well as practical significance to research Meng Shupei'art;Based on the information available,the author has sorted out the Meng Shupei's art resume and completed the Meng Shupei'art activity tables and works of art choice attached thereafter after the whole paper.
引文
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①(《中国书画真伪识别》杨丹霞著,辽宁人民出版社,2004年1月第1版。第204页)
[1]俞剑华.中国美术家人名辞典[M].上海：上海人民美术出版社,1980.
[2]黄成助.中国方志存书.同州府续志(一)[M].台北：成文出版有限公司印行.1970.
[3]蒙秀兰.蒙寿芝书千字文墨迹,台北[M].台北：隆言出版社,1997.
[4]张志欣等.海上画派[M],石家庄：河北教育出版社,2002.
[5]张岂之.陕西通史.思想卷[M],西安：陕西师范大学出版社,1997.
[6]刘福谦.蒲城县志[M],北京：中国人事出版社出版,1993.
[7]蒙秀兰.书画名家邋遢僧蒙寿芝[N].渭南日报,2007-1-5(文苑版)
[8]潘深亮.赵之谦书画辨伪[J],北京：荣宝斋,2007,4.
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[14]程明震.文心后素：文人画艺术研究[M],南京：东南大学出版社,2007.
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[18]陈伯海.上海文化通史[M],上海：上海文艺出版社,2001.
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