玄武岩纤维混凝土的微结构及BFRP筋纤维混凝土梁斜截面承载力试验研究
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摘要
钢筋锈蚀问题是现代土木工程领域广泛关注的主要问题,纤维筋的应用为解决这一问题提供良好的途径。纤维筋具有比强度高、耐腐蚀、抗疲劳以及耐电磁等独特优点,一般可应用于有特殊性能要求和钢筋易受到化学因素侵蚀的环境中。玄武岩纤维筋成为继碳纤维筋、玻璃纤维筋后又一种可以在土木工程中应用的新型纤维筋材,并具有更好的性价比。目前土木工程领域对玄武岩纤维研究主要集中在运用纤维布加固混凝土结构,也有少量关于玄武岩FRP(简写BFRP)筋代替钢筋的混凝土板的应用研究及混凝土梁正截面受弯性能试验研究,而BFRP筋或其它FRP筋用于纤维混凝土梁的斜截面受剪性能的研究基本空白。
针对BFRP筋的特点以及目前BFRP筋混凝土结构的实际研究情况,本文主要进行以下几方面研究内容：
(1)对C30和C60玄武岩纤维混凝土的力学性能进行试验,通过不同玄武岩纤维掺量研究玄武岩纤维混凝土的立方体抗压强度、棱柱体轴心抗压强度、抗折强度、劈裂强度及弹性模量,分析玄武岩纤维对混凝土的力学性能影响,初步得出最合适纤维掺量。试验结果可知,无论是C30普通强度混凝土还是C60高强混凝土,初步确定较合适纤维掺量为0.1%的体积掺量。
(2)针对玄武岩纤维混凝土的微观性能及孔结构进行试验研究,对玄武岩纤维混凝土的界面性能及纤维对混凝土的增强机理进行分析；对玄武岩纤维混凝土的微观孔结构通过压汞试验进行相关研究,分析玄武岩纤维混凝土的孔结构特性与抗压强度和渗透性的关系,通过微观分析进一步确认玄武岩纤维的合适掺量。结果表明,适量的纤维掺入混凝土中可以使混凝土内部的粗大孔径得到细化,小孔径分布增加,其中0.1%的纤维掺量对C30或C60混凝土的孔结构改善效果最为明显,增加了混凝土孔结构孔道的曲折度,降低了孔结构的渗透性,说明0.1%的纤维掺量为合适掺量得到进一步的确认。
(3)研究BFRP筋与玄武岩纤维混凝土的粘结锚固性能,分析粘结-滑移曲线特点及粘结强度的影响因素。根据试验结果,粘结强度随着混凝土强度提高而提高,随着锚固长度增加而减小,随着纤维筋直径的增加而降低；在混凝土中掺加适量的玄武岩纤维,能够提高BFRP筋与混凝土的极限粘结强度,增加极限粘结强度所对应的滑移值,改善粘结延性。通过试验结果确定粘结强度、锚固长度的计算经验公式,并分析得出BFRP筋与玄武岩纤维混凝土的粘结滑移本构模型符合连续曲线模型。
(4)重点对18根BFRP筋纤维混凝土梁和3根钢筋纤维混凝土梁的斜截面受剪性能进行试验研究。研究BFRP筋不同纵筋配筋率、不同纵筋类型、BFRP箍筋不同配箍率、不同箍筋类型及不同剪跨比等条件对混凝土梁的斜截面初裂荷载及破坏荷载的影响。结果表明,纵筋配筋率、箍筋类型对承载力影响不大,而配箍率、纵筋类型及剪跨比对承载力影响明显,随着BFRP箍筋配箍率增大梁的承载力不断提高,随着剪跨比增大梁的承载力降低。当剪跨比、纵筋配筋率、箍筋配箍率都相同时,与钢筋混凝土梁相比,BFRP筋混凝土梁的初裂荷载略小于钢筋混凝土梁,但破坏荷载差别不大。针对14根BFRP筋混凝土梁的斜初裂荷载和极限荷载回归分析得到斜截面抗裂度和极限承载力的计算公式。
(5)利用修正的压力场理论(MCFT),建立了BFRP筋纤维混凝土梁在弯剪复合作用条件下的截面分析模型。利用该模型对本人及他人所做的FRP筋混凝土梁的试验全过程进行数值分析,结果表明,该模型对FRP筋混凝土梁斜截面承载力、箍筋应变和剪压区混凝土压应变均能给出精度比较高的预测值。
(6)对BFRP筋纤维混凝土梁的延性进行分析。主要通过延性系数和能量吸收比研究不同影响因素下梁的延性及剪切耗能能力变化情况。从试验结果可知,斜截面开裂后,在相同荷载作用下,BFRP筋混凝土梁的挠度和裂缝大于同等配筋条件下的钢筋混凝土梁,而二者的破坏荷载和能量吸收比基本相当。
Rebar corrosion problem is widespread concerned in the field of civil engineering today. FRP applications provide a good way to solve this problem, which has big advantages in terms of high specific strength, corrosion resistance, anti-fatigue performance, and resistance to electromagnetism. This material can be applied to special performance requirements and rebar under chemical erosion environment. Basalt FRP(BFRP for short) has, following carbon FRP and glass FRP, become another new type of popular building material, with better price/performance ratio than other two. At present, the field of civil engineering for basalt fiber research is mainly focused on the use of fiber reinforced concrete structure, with a few application researches on the use of concrete sheet with BFRP in place of rebar and experimental researches on flexural behavior of the normal section of concrete beams. However, the researches on BFRP or other FRP bars for oblique section shear properties of fiber reinforced concrete beam have not been conducted.
Based on the characteristics of BFRP and the research progress of BFRP reinforced concrete structure at present, the current research includes the following contents:
The experimental researches on the mechanical properties of C30and C60basalt fiber reinforced concrete were carried out. The cubic compressive strength, axial compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting strength, and elastic modulus of basalt fiber reinforced concrete with different amounts of basalt fibers were investigated, in order to analyze the influence of basalt fiber on the mechanical properties of concrete and preliminarily find out the optimal amount of fibers in the concrete. The results show that for both C30normal strength concrete and C60high strength concrete, the suitable amount of fibers is0.1%of fiber volume fraction.
In order to analysis of the interface properties and the strengthening mechanism of the basalt fiber reinforced concrete, the experimental research on micro-properties and pore structure of basalt fiber reinforced concrete were also carried out. The mercury intrusion experimentations on pore structure at micro level were done for the analysis of relationships between the compressive strength and permeability of basalt fiber reinforced concrete and the characteristics of pore structure in it. The suitable mixed amount of basalt fiber was further confirmed by microscopic analysis. The result indicated that the concrete pore size could be reduced, the number of small pores could be increased, and the pore structure of the C30and C60concrete could be greatly improved with0.1%fiber content. Because of the fibers mixed in, the curvature of the tunnels of the pore structure increased and permeability decreased.0.1%of the fiber volume fraction is the best dosage has been further confirmed.
The bond properties of BFRP bar and basalt fiber reinforced concrete were studied. The bond-slip curve characteristics and influencing factors of bond strength were also analysis. The results show that adhesive strength increased as the strength of concrete increased, and decreased as anchorage length and the diameters of the fiber bars increased. Mixing certain amount of basalt fibers into the concrete could increase the limit bond strength of BFRP and concrete, and increase the value of the slip corresponding to the limit bond strength, improve bond ductility. The experience formulas for calculating bond strength and anchorage length were acquired based on the results. The bond slip constitutive model of BFRP and basalt fiber reinforced concrete accorded with continuous curve model was also found.
In order to study the oblique section shear performance of beam,18BFRP fiber reinforced concrete beams and3reinforced fiber concrete beams were tested. The influence of the different ratios of BFRP longitudinal reinforcement, longitudinal reinforcement types, BFRP stirrup ratios, stirrup types, and shear span ratios on the load of initial crack of oblique section and the damage load of concrete beams were analyzed. The results show that longitudinal reinforcement ratio and stirrup type have less impact on the carrying capacity, but BFRP stirrup ratio, longitudinal reinforcement type, and shear span ratio have obvious impact on the carrying capacity. As the stirrup ratio increase, the load of beams increases. As the shear span ratio increase, the load of beams goes down. When the shear span ratio, the ratio of longitudinal reinforcement, and stirrup are the same, the load of initial crack of BFRP beam is slightly lower than the rebar beam, while the damage load of the two are basically the same. The experience formulas for calculating the crack resistance and limit bearing capacity of inclined section were acquired by conducting regressive analyses of the load of initial crack and limit load of inclined section of14BFRP beams.
Based on the Modified Compression Field Theory(MCFT). the numerical analysis model of the sections of BFRP reinforced basalt fiber concrete beams under the combined action of shear and moment was established. The whole test process of FRP reinforced concrete beams were numerical analyzed by this model. It is clearly seen from the results that this model showing high accuracy in prediction in terms of the shear resistant capacity, tension strain of stirrups and the ultimate compressive strain of concrete in compression&shear region.
The ductility of BFRP reinforced basalt fiber concrete beams was also analyzed. Effect of different factors on the ductility and shear capacity of energy dissipation were studied through the ductility and energy absorption ratio. From the results, it's could be found that when the oblique section cracked, with the same load, the deflection and cracks of BFRP concrete beams were bigger than the rebar beams with the same reinforcements; the damage loads and energy absorption ratios of the two were basically the same respectively.
针对BFRP筋的特点以及目前BFRP筋混凝土结构的实际研究情况,本文主要进行以下几方面研究内容：
(1)对C30和C60玄武岩纤维混凝土的力学性能进行试验,通过不同玄武岩纤维掺量研究玄武岩纤维混凝土的立方体抗压强度、棱柱体轴心抗压强度、抗折强度、劈裂强度及弹性模量,分析玄武岩纤维对混凝土的力学性能影响,初步得出最合适纤维掺量。试验结果可知,无论是C30普通强度混凝土还是C60高强混凝土,初步确定较合适纤维掺量为0.1%的体积掺量。
(2)针对玄武岩纤维混凝土的微观性能及孔结构进行试验研究,对玄武岩纤维混凝土的界面性能及纤维对混凝土的增强机理进行分析；对玄武岩纤维混凝土的微观孔结构通过压汞试验进行相关研究,分析玄武岩纤维混凝土的孔结构特性与抗压强度和渗透性的关系,通过微观分析进一步确认玄武岩纤维的合适掺量。结果表明,适量的纤维掺入混凝土中可以使混凝土内部的粗大孔径得到细化,小孔径分布增加,其中0.1%的纤维掺量对C30或C60混凝土的孔结构改善效果最为明显,增加了混凝土孔结构孔道的曲折度,降低了孔结构的渗透性,说明0.1%的纤维掺量为合适掺量得到进一步的确认。
(3)研究BFRP筋与玄武岩纤维混凝土的粘结锚固性能,分析粘结-滑移曲线特点及粘结强度的影响因素。根据试验结果,粘结强度随着混凝土强度提高而提高,随着锚固长度增加而减小,随着纤维筋直径的增加而降低；在混凝土中掺加适量的玄武岩纤维,能够提高BFRP筋与混凝土的极限粘结强度,增加极限粘结强度所对应的滑移值,改善粘结延性。通过试验结果确定粘结强度、锚固长度的计算经验公式,并分析得出BFRP筋与玄武岩纤维混凝土的粘结滑移本构模型符合连续曲线模型。
(4)重点对18根BFRP筋纤维混凝土梁和3根钢筋纤维混凝土梁的斜截面受剪性能进行试验研究。研究BFRP筋不同纵筋配筋率、不同纵筋类型、BFRP箍筋不同配箍率、不同箍筋类型及不同剪跨比等条件对混凝土梁的斜截面初裂荷载及破坏荷载的影响。结果表明,纵筋配筋率、箍筋类型对承载力影响不大,而配箍率、纵筋类型及剪跨比对承载力影响明显,随着BFRP箍筋配箍率增大梁的承载力不断提高,随着剪跨比增大梁的承载力降低。当剪跨比、纵筋配筋率、箍筋配箍率都相同时,与钢筋混凝土梁相比,BFRP筋混凝土梁的初裂荷载略小于钢筋混凝土梁,但破坏荷载差别不大。针对14根BFRP筋混凝土梁的斜初裂荷载和极限荷载回归分析得到斜截面抗裂度和极限承载力的计算公式。
(5)利用修正的压力场理论(MCFT),建立了BFRP筋纤维混凝土梁在弯剪复合作用条件下的截面分析模型。利用该模型对本人及他人所做的FRP筋混凝土梁的试验全过程进行数值分析,结果表明,该模型对FRP筋混凝土梁斜截面承载力、箍筋应变和剪压区混凝土压应变均能给出精度比较高的预测值。
(6)对BFRP筋纤维混凝土梁的延性进行分析。主要通过延性系数和能量吸收比研究不同影响因素下梁的延性及剪切耗能能力变化情况。从试验结果可知,斜截面开裂后,在相同荷载作用下,BFRP筋混凝土梁的挠度和裂缝大于同等配筋条件下的钢筋混凝土梁,而二者的破坏荷载和能量吸收比基本相当。
Rebar corrosion problem is widespread concerned in the field of civil engineering today. FRP applications provide a good way to solve this problem, which has big advantages in terms of high specific strength, corrosion resistance, anti-fatigue performance, and resistance to electromagnetism. This material can be applied to special performance requirements and rebar under chemical erosion environment. Basalt FRP(BFRP for short) has, following carbon FRP and glass FRP, become another new type of popular building material, with better price/performance ratio than other two. At present, the field of civil engineering for basalt fiber research is mainly focused on the use of fiber reinforced concrete structure, with a few application researches on the use of concrete sheet with BFRP in place of rebar and experimental researches on flexural behavior of the normal section of concrete beams. However, the researches on BFRP or other FRP bars for oblique section shear properties of fiber reinforced concrete beam have not been conducted.
Based on the characteristics of BFRP and the research progress of BFRP reinforced concrete structure at present, the current research includes the following contents:
The experimental researches on the mechanical properties of C30and C60basalt fiber reinforced concrete were carried out. The cubic compressive strength, axial compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting strength, and elastic modulus of basalt fiber reinforced concrete with different amounts of basalt fibers were investigated, in order to analyze the influence of basalt fiber on the mechanical properties of concrete and preliminarily find out the optimal amount of fibers in the concrete. The results show that for both C30normal strength concrete and C60high strength concrete, the suitable amount of fibers is0.1%of fiber volume fraction.
In order to analysis of the interface properties and the strengthening mechanism of the basalt fiber reinforced concrete, the experimental research on micro-properties and pore structure of basalt fiber reinforced concrete were also carried out. The mercury intrusion experimentations on pore structure at micro level were done for the analysis of relationships between the compressive strength and permeability of basalt fiber reinforced concrete and the characteristics of pore structure in it. The suitable mixed amount of basalt fiber was further confirmed by microscopic analysis. The result indicated that the concrete pore size could be reduced, the number of small pores could be increased, and the pore structure of the C30and C60concrete could be greatly improved with0.1%fiber content. Because of the fibers mixed in, the curvature of the tunnels of the pore structure increased and permeability decreased.0.1%of the fiber volume fraction is the best dosage has been further confirmed.
The bond properties of BFRP bar and basalt fiber reinforced concrete were studied. The bond-slip curve characteristics and influencing factors of bond strength were also analysis. The results show that adhesive strength increased as the strength of concrete increased, and decreased as anchorage length and the diameters of the fiber bars increased. Mixing certain amount of basalt fibers into the concrete could increase the limit bond strength of BFRP and concrete, and increase the value of the slip corresponding to the limit bond strength, improve bond ductility. The experience formulas for calculating bond strength and anchorage length were acquired based on the results. The bond slip constitutive model of BFRP and basalt fiber reinforced concrete accorded with continuous curve model was also found.
In order to study the oblique section shear performance of beam,18BFRP fiber reinforced concrete beams and3reinforced fiber concrete beams were tested. The influence of the different ratios of BFRP longitudinal reinforcement, longitudinal reinforcement types, BFRP stirrup ratios, stirrup types, and shear span ratios on the load of initial crack of oblique section and the damage load of concrete beams were analyzed. The results show that longitudinal reinforcement ratio and stirrup type have less impact on the carrying capacity, but BFRP stirrup ratio, longitudinal reinforcement type, and shear span ratio have obvious impact on the carrying capacity. As the stirrup ratio increase, the load of beams increases. As the shear span ratio increase, the load of beams goes down. When the shear span ratio, the ratio of longitudinal reinforcement, and stirrup are the same, the load of initial crack of BFRP beam is slightly lower than the rebar beam, while the damage load of the two are basically the same. The experience formulas for calculating the crack resistance and limit bearing capacity of inclined section were acquired by conducting regressive analyses of the load of initial crack and limit load of inclined section of14BFRP beams.
Based on the Modified Compression Field Theory(MCFT). the numerical analysis model of the sections of BFRP reinforced basalt fiber concrete beams under the combined action of shear and moment was established. The whole test process of FRP reinforced concrete beams were numerical analyzed by this model. It is clearly seen from the results that this model showing high accuracy in prediction in terms of the shear resistant capacity, tension strain of stirrups and the ultimate compressive strain of concrete in compression&shear region.
The ductility of BFRP reinforced basalt fiber concrete beams was also analyzed. Effect of different factors on the ductility and shear capacity of energy dissipation were studied through the ductility and energy absorption ratio. From the results, it's could be found that when the oblique section cracked, with the same load, the deflection and cracks of BFRP concrete beams were bigger than the rebar beams with the same reinforcements; the damage loads and energy absorption ratios of the two were basically the same respectively.
引文
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