EPS轻集料混凝土组成结构与性能研究
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摘要
利用抗压强度试验、等应变静力加载试验、导热系数试验、干缩试验、抗渗性试验实验、扫描电镜等方法和有限元分析、数据拟合等手段，研究了发泡聚苯乙烯（EPS）轻集料混凝土的组成结构对性能的影响。得出如下结论：
根据基质是否能密实填充EPS颗粒间隙，分别建立了中高密度EPS轻集料混凝土该强度公式有如下优点：考虑了基质强度和孔隙率这两个影响EPS轻集料混凝土抗压强度的关键因素；公式内涵清晰，可用于EPS轻集料混凝土配合比设计与强度预测；EPS粒径与类型、基质等对混凝土抗压强度与相对密度关系的影响可通过公式中的参数β1进行调整。
随着EPS含量增加，混凝土应力—应变曲线反弯点逐渐变得不明显、下降段趋于平缓、残余应力相对值提高。反映EPS含量提高，混凝土受压达到极限应力后，能量释放与裂缝扩展并形成较大贯通裂纹的速率下降，韧性改善。当混凝土体积密度低于900kg/m3后，混凝土开始出现脆性孔坍塌破坏，应力—应变曲线反弯点消失。
通过试验研究和对所建立的EPS轻集料混凝土数值模型分析显示，除有效承压面积减少外，中高密度EPS轻集料混凝土抗压强度随EPS掺量增加而快速下降的重要因素还包括孔壁变薄两端约束作用下降、横杆与竖杆破坏同时存在等因素使体系承载能力大幅下降。
研究结果显示，采用外掺法配制无石型EPS轻集料混凝土，由于水泥用量随着EPS掺量增加而减少，相应减少了基质干缩量，抵消部分因EPS含量增加而增加的干缩。EPS与基质界面存在缺陷、EPS颗粒不均匀分布形成局部缺陷区和基质不密实等因素使EPS轻集料混凝土抗水渗透和抗氯离子渗透能力随EPS掺量增加而下降。
通过对EPS轻集料混凝土组成结构与性能关系的研究，总结出EPS轻集料混凝土导热系数—相对密度、抗压强度—相对密度关系，提出了基于这两个关系的EPS轻集料混凝土配合比设计方法。该配合比设计方法可用于设计同时满足导热系数、密度等级和强度等级要求的EPS轻集料混凝土。
With the experiments of compressive strength, equal strain static loading, thermalconductivity, dry shrinkage, impermeability, scanning electron microscopy, and the method offinite element analysis, data fitting, the composition and structure impact on performance ofexpanded polystyrene (EPS) lightweight aggregate concrete (PAC) is studied. The results areas follow:high density PAC and low density PAC individually. The formula has following advantages.The key factors, matrix strength and porosity, which affect PAC compressive strength areconsidered in the two formulas. With clear meaning, the formula is applied to strengthprediction or to mix design of PAC. EPS particle size, EPS type, matrix, and other factorswhich could affect the relationship of the concrete compressive strength and the relativedensity can be adjusted by the parameter β1of the formula.
With the increase of EPS content, the inflection point of stress–strain curve graduallybecome unclear. Descent stage of the curve goes flattened, and the residual relative stress isimproved. This indicates that the rate of energy release and crack propagation slows downwhen the concrete is after the ultimate stress, and the toughness of PAC is improved with theincrease of EPS content. When the concrete bulk density is less than900kg/m3, pore brittlecollapsed destruction of PAC appears, and the inflection point of stress–strain curvedisappears.
Digital model analysis and experimental study show that the important factors that PACcompressive strength decreases rapidly with the increase of EPS dosage are due to thethinning of the pore wall, both ends constraints reduced, and horizontal and vertical bardamaged at the same time besides real pressure area reduction. particle size of1.5~5.0mm is proposed. The formula is applied to EPS dosage determinationaccording to the thermal conductivity of PAC, or to estimate the thermal conductivity of PACaccording to EPS dosage.
The results show that the increase of shrinkage of PAC without gravel in pace with theincrease of EPS dosage is partially offset, because the cement dosage decreases with theincrease dosage of EPS, and matrix shrinkage reduces accordingly. The resistance of PAC towater penetration and to chloride penetration decrease with the increase of EPS dosage. Thisis due to interface defects between the EPS and matrix, EPS particles uneven distribution andloose matrix.
Through the investigation of the relationship of composition, structure and performanceof PAC, the formulae of thermal conductivity-relative density, and compressive strength-relative density are summarized. PAC mix design method based on the two formulas isproposed. The method can be used to design PAC mixture meeting the requirements ofthermal conductivity, bulk density and compressive strength at the same time.
根据基质是否能密实填充EPS颗粒间隙，分别建立了中高密度EPS轻集料混凝土该强度公式有如下优点：考虑了基质强度和孔隙率这两个影响EPS轻集料混凝土抗压强度的关键因素；公式内涵清晰，可用于EPS轻集料混凝土配合比设计与强度预测；EPS粒径与类型、基质等对混凝土抗压强度与相对密度关系的影响可通过公式中的参数β1进行调整。
随着EPS含量增加，混凝土应力—应变曲线反弯点逐渐变得不明显、下降段趋于平缓、残余应力相对值提高。反映EPS含量提高，混凝土受压达到极限应力后，能量释放与裂缝扩展并形成较大贯通裂纹的速率下降，韧性改善。当混凝土体积密度低于900kg/m3后，混凝土开始出现脆性孔坍塌破坏，应力—应变曲线反弯点消失。
通过试验研究和对所建立的EPS轻集料混凝土数值模型分析显示，除有效承压面积减少外，中高密度EPS轻集料混凝土抗压强度随EPS掺量增加而快速下降的重要因素还包括孔壁变薄两端约束作用下降、横杆与竖杆破坏同时存在等因素使体系承载能力大幅下降。
研究结果显示，采用外掺法配制无石型EPS轻集料混凝土，由于水泥用量随着EPS掺量增加而减少，相应减少了基质干缩量，抵消部分因EPS含量增加而增加的干缩。EPS与基质界面存在缺陷、EPS颗粒不均匀分布形成局部缺陷区和基质不密实等因素使EPS轻集料混凝土抗水渗透和抗氯离子渗透能力随EPS掺量增加而下降。
通过对EPS轻集料混凝土组成结构与性能关系的研究，总结出EPS轻集料混凝土导热系数—相对密度、抗压强度—相对密度关系，提出了基于这两个关系的EPS轻集料混凝土配合比设计方法。该配合比设计方法可用于设计同时满足导热系数、密度等级和强度等级要求的EPS轻集料混凝土。
With the experiments of compressive strength, equal strain static loading, thermalconductivity, dry shrinkage, impermeability, scanning electron microscopy, and the method offinite element analysis, data fitting, the composition and structure impact on performance ofexpanded polystyrene (EPS) lightweight aggregate concrete (PAC) is studied. The results areas follow:high density PAC and low density PAC individually. The formula has following advantages.The key factors, matrix strength and porosity, which affect PAC compressive strength areconsidered in the two formulas. With clear meaning, the formula is applied to strengthprediction or to mix design of PAC. EPS particle size, EPS type, matrix, and other factorswhich could affect the relationship of the concrete compressive strength and the relativedensity can be adjusted by the parameter β1of the formula.
With the increase of EPS content, the inflection point of stress–strain curve graduallybecome unclear. Descent stage of the curve goes flattened, and the residual relative stress isimproved. This indicates that the rate of energy release and crack propagation slows downwhen the concrete is after the ultimate stress, and the toughness of PAC is improved with theincrease of EPS content. When the concrete bulk density is less than900kg/m3, pore brittlecollapsed destruction of PAC appears, and the inflection point of stress–strain curvedisappears.
Digital model analysis and experimental study show that the important factors that PACcompressive strength decreases rapidly with the increase of EPS dosage are due to thethinning of the pore wall, both ends constraints reduced, and horizontal and vertical bardamaged at the same time besides real pressure area reduction. particle size of1.5~5.0mm is proposed. The formula is applied to EPS dosage determinationaccording to the thermal conductivity of PAC, or to estimate the thermal conductivity of PACaccording to EPS dosage.
The results show that the increase of shrinkage of PAC without gravel in pace with theincrease of EPS dosage is partially offset, because the cement dosage decreases with theincrease dosage of EPS, and matrix shrinkage reduces accordingly. The resistance of PAC towater penetration and to chloride penetration decrease with the increase of EPS dosage. Thisis due to interface defects between the EPS and matrix, EPS particles uneven distribution andloose matrix.
Through the investigation of the relationship of composition, structure and performanceof PAC, the formulae of thermal conductivity-relative density, and compressive strength-relative density are summarized. PAC mix design method based on the two formulas isproposed. The method can be used to design PAC mixture meeting the requirements ofthermal conductivity, bulk density and compressive strength at the same time.
引文
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