功能性寡糖对断奶仔猪肠黏膜形态及饲粮DM、OM、N、Ca、P表观消化率的影响
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摘要
选用48头35日龄断奶的杜×长×大仔猪进行为期28天的试验，采用随机区组法设计，共设4个组：果寡糖组(基础+FOS0.5％)；甘露寡糖组(基础+MOS0.3％)；复配组(基础+FOS0.45％+MOS0.25％)；抗生素组(基础+金霉素75mg／kg+洛克沙生40mg／kg，每组设3个重复，每个重复4头仔猪，公母各半。探讨了寡糖对断奶仔猪生产性能和饲粮中DM(干物质)、OM(有机物)、N(氮)、Ca(钙)、P(磷)表现消化率及肠黏膜形态的影响。试验结果表明：
1．对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响，寡糖组与抗生素组相比，ADG(日增重)、ADFI(平均日采食量)均低于抗生素组，但差异不显著(P＞0.05)。F／G(料重比)断奶后0～2周MOS组小于抗生素组，2～4周FOS、MOS组小于抗生素组，0～4周MOS和复配组均小于抗生素组(P＞0.05)。寡糖组间相比，复配组ADG、ADFI高于FOS、MOS。F／G在断奶后0～2周MOS组小于其它寡糖组，2～4周FOS组小于其它寡糖组，0～4周复配组和FOS均小于MOS组，各组间F／G(P＞0.05)。寡糖显著降低了仔猪腹泻的发生(P＜0.05)。
2．饲料中DM、OM、N、Ca、P的表观消化率，寡糖组均高于抗生素组，其中以FOS组为最高，DM、OM、Ca的表观消化率与抗生素组相比差异显著(P＜0.05)。N、P的表观消化率各组之间差异都不显著(P＞0.05)。
3．仔猪断奶后7日龄，十二指肠、回肠绒毛高度，寡糖组均高于抗生素组，差异极显著(P＜0.01)；空肠FOS、MOS组高于抗生素组，复配组略低于抗生素组(P＞0.05)。寡糖组间相比，十二指肠FOS组最高，空肠、回肠MOS组为最高。28日龄，十二指肠、回肠FOS、MOS组高于抗生素组(P＞0.05)，空肠寡糖组均高于抗生素组，差异显著(P＜0.05)。寡糖组间相比，十二指肠、空肠、回肠均以FOS组最高。7日龄与28日龄间相比，FOS组十二指肠，
MOS组空肠，抗生素组十二指肠、空肠绒毛高度差异显著(P<0.05)。
4.仔猪断奶后7日龄，十二指肠腺窝深度，FOS组大于抗生素组，MOS、
复配组小于抗生素组;空肠各寡糖组均大于抗生素组;回肠各寡糖组均小于
抗生素组(P>0.05)。寡糖组间相比，十二指肠、空肠腺窝深度，以FOS最深，
MOS次之;回肠以复配组最深，FOS最浅(P>0.肠)。28日龄，十二指肠、回
肠腺窝深度，寡糖组小于抗生素组;空肠Fos、 Mos均小于抗生素组，复配组
略大于杭生素组(P>0.05);寡糖组间相比，腺窝深度以FOS最浅，MOS次之
〔P)0.肠)。7日龄与28日龄间相比，各组十二指肠腺窝深度，复配组各肠
段腺窝深度，均差异显著(P<0.05).
Forty eight 35-d-old durco * landrace-yorkshire weaned pigs were divided into four groups , group FOS(basic diet +0.5%FOS) , group MOS(basic diet +0.3%FOS) .group FM(basic diet +0.45%FOS+0.25%MOS) ,group ABT(basic diet +75 mg/kg chlorcycline +40 mg/kg roxarsone) ,in a random block design. Effects of Non-Digestible Oligosacchardes on mucosal Morphology, digestibility, performance in Weaned Pigs were studied.
The result as follows: (1)ADG and ADFI in group FOS, MOS, FM were lower than that in group ABT pigs( P>0.05), ADG and ADFI in group FM were larger than in group FOS and MOS; There were no significant difference in F/G among four groups, but compared with antibiotics, MOS in 0-2 weeks , 2-4weeks, 0-4weeks after weaned , FOS in 2-4 weeks after weaned , FM in 0-4weeks after weaned improved F/G. At the same time, FOS, MOS and FM significantly decreased diarrhea frequency (P < 0.05). (2)The digestibility of organ matter, calcium, crude protein, phosphor in group FOS, MOS,FM were higher than that in group ABT, at the same time, FOS, MOS had significantly effect on the digestibility of dry matter, organ matter, calcium (P < 0.05), but had no same effect on the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and phosphor. (3)In 7th day after weaned ,the length of villus of duodenum, ileum in group FOS, group MOS, group FM were longer that in ABT (P < 0.01) .the length of villus of jejumum in group MOS. group FOS were lon
ger that in group ABT(P>0.05), the length of villus of jejumum group ABT were longer than in group FM (P>0.05) . In 28th day after weaned the length of villus of duodenum, ileum in group FOS, MOS were longer that in group ABT, there wasn't difference between group FM and group ABT (P>0.05).On the whole, FOS had best effect on growth of villus among three kinds of oligosaccharides, MOS follows. (4)The depth of crypt of duodenum in group FOS was deeper than that in ABT, but it was shallow in group MOS and FM. The depth of crypt of jejumum in group FOS, MOS,FM were deeper than in ABT ( P>0.05). The depth of crypt of ileum in group ABT was deeper than in group MOS FM in 7th day after weaned( P>0.05). In 28th day after weaned ,there were no significant difference among different groups(P>0.05), The depth of crypt of duodenum in group ABT was deeper than that in group FOS MOS, FM ( P>0.05) The depth of crypt of jejumum in group ABT was deeper than that in group FOS, MOS,FM (P> 0.05). The depth of crypt of ileum in
group FM (270.83um @ 9.54) was deeper than that in group FOS, MOS ,ABT (P>0.05).
1．对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响，寡糖组与抗生素组相比，ADG(日增重)、ADFI(平均日采食量)均低于抗生素组，但差异不显著(P＞0.05)。F／G(料重比)断奶后0～2周MOS组小于抗生素组，2～4周FOS、MOS组小于抗生素组，0～4周MOS和复配组均小于抗生素组(P＞0.05)。寡糖组间相比，复配组ADG、ADFI高于FOS、MOS。F／G在断奶后0～2周MOS组小于其它寡糖组，2～4周FOS组小于其它寡糖组，0～4周复配组和FOS均小于MOS组，各组间F／G(P＞0.05)。寡糖显著降低了仔猪腹泻的发生(P＜0.05)。
2．饲料中DM、OM、N、Ca、P的表观消化率，寡糖组均高于抗生素组，其中以FOS组为最高，DM、OM、Ca的表观消化率与抗生素组相比差异显著(P＜0.05)。N、P的表观消化率各组之间差异都不显著(P＞0.05)。
3．仔猪断奶后7日龄，十二指肠、回肠绒毛高度，寡糖组均高于抗生素组，差异极显著(P＜0.01)；空肠FOS、MOS组高于抗生素组，复配组略低于抗生素组(P＞0.05)。寡糖组间相比，十二指肠FOS组最高，空肠、回肠MOS组为最高。28日龄，十二指肠、回肠FOS、MOS组高于抗生素组(P＞0.05)，空肠寡糖组均高于抗生素组，差异显著(P＜0.05)。寡糖组间相比，十二指肠、空肠、回肠均以FOS组最高。7日龄与28日龄间相比，FOS组十二指肠，
MOS组空肠，抗生素组十二指肠、空肠绒毛高度差异显著(P<0.05)。
4.仔猪断奶后7日龄，十二指肠腺窝深度，FOS组大于抗生素组，MOS、
复配组小于抗生素组;空肠各寡糖组均大于抗生素组;回肠各寡糖组均小于
抗生素组(P>0.05)。寡糖组间相比，十二指肠、空肠腺窝深度，以FOS最深，
MOS次之;回肠以复配组最深，FOS最浅(P>0.肠)。28日龄，十二指肠、回
肠腺窝深度，寡糖组小于抗生素组;空肠Fos、 Mos均小于抗生素组，复配组
略大于杭生素组(P>0.05);寡糖组间相比，腺窝深度以FOS最浅，MOS次之
〔P)0.肠)。7日龄与28日龄间相比，各组十二指肠腺窝深度，复配组各肠
段腺窝深度，均差异显著(P<0.05).
Forty eight 35-d-old durco * landrace-yorkshire weaned pigs were divided into four groups , group FOS(basic diet +0.5%FOS) , group MOS(basic diet +0.3%FOS) .group FM(basic diet +0.45%FOS+0.25%MOS) ,group ABT(basic diet +75 mg/kg chlorcycline +40 mg/kg roxarsone) ,in a random block design. Effects of Non-Digestible Oligosacchardes on mucosal Morphology, digestibility, performance in Weaned Pigs were studied.
The result as follows: (1)ADG and ADFI in group FOS, MOS, FM were lower than that in group ABT pigs( P>0.05), ADG and ADFI in group FM were larger than in group FOS and MOS; There were no significant difference in F/G among four groups, but compared with antibiotics, MOS in 0-2 weeks , 2-4weeks, 0-4weeks after weaned , FOS in 2-4 weeks after weaned , FM in 0-4weeks after weaned improved F/G. At the same time, FOS, MOS and FM significantly decreased diarrhea frequency (P < 0.05). (2)The digestibility of organ matter, calcium, crude protein, phosphor in group FOS, MOS,FM were higher than that in group ABT, at the same time, FOS, MOS had significantly effect on the digestibility of dry matter, organ matter, calcium (P < 0.05), but had no same effect on the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and phosphor. (3)In 7th day after weaned ,the length of villus of duodenum, ileum in group FOS, group MOS, group FM were longer that in ABT (P < 0.01) .the length of villus of jejumum in group MOS. group FOS were lon
ger that in group ABT(P>0.05), the length of villus of jejumum group ABT were longer than in group FM (P>0.05) . In 28th day after weaned the length of villus of duodenum, ileum in group FOS, MOS were longer that in group ABT, there wasn't difference between group FM and group ABT (P>0.05).On the whole, FOS had best effect on growth of villus among three kinds of oligosaccharides, MOS follows. (4)The depth of crypt of duodenum in group FOS was deeper than that in ABT, but it was shallow in group MOS and FM. The depth of crypt of jejumum in group FOS, MOS,FM were deeper than in ABT ( P>0.05). The depth of crypt of ileum in group ABT was deeper than in group MOS FM in 7th day after weaned( P>0.05). In 28th day after weaned ,there were no significant difference among different groups(P>0.05), The depth of crypt of duodenum in group ABT was deeper than that in group FOS MOS, FM ( P>0.05) The depth of crypt of jejumum in group ABT was deeper than that in group FOS, MOS,FM (P> 0.05). The depth of crypt of ileum in
group FM (270.83um @ 9.54) was deeper than that in group FOS, MOS ,ABT (P>0.05).
引文
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2. Blecha et al.J Anim sci. 1982 Vol.53 No 2:439～447
3. Cera, K.R. et al. Effect of age, weaning, and postweaning diet on small intestinal growth and jejunal morphology in young swine. J. Anim. Sci. 1989. 66:574～584
4. Cole, I.R. and F.M. Boyd. Fat absorption from the small intestinal of gnotobiotic chick. Applied Microbiology. 1967.15:1229～1234
5. Farnworth, Molder, Jones et al. Feeding Jerusalem artichoke flour rich in fructo-oligosaccharides to weanling pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 1992.72: 977～980.
6. Feighner, S.D. and M. P. Dashkevicz. Subtherapeutics levels of antibiotics in poultry feeds and their effects on weight gain, feed efficiency, and bacterial cholytaurine hydrolawi activity. Appl. Environ. Microbio. 1987.153:331～336
7. Fukuyasu T. Effect of oligosaccharides on growth of piglets and on bacterial flora, putrefactive substances and volatile fatty acids in their feces J. Bulletin of Animal Hygiene. 1987.26:15～22
8. Fuller, R. and. E. Brooker. Lactobacilli which attach to the crop cpithelium of the Conference in Japan. 1974.34:67
9. Gabert V M. The effect of oligosaccharides and lactiolon the ileal digestibilities of amino aicds, monosaccharides and bacterial populations in the small intestine of weaning pigs[J]. Canandian Journal of Animal Science. 1994. 31:99～107.
10. Hampson, D.J. Alternations in piglet small intestinal structure at weaning. Res. Vet. Sci. 1986.40:32～40
11. Hampson, D. J.; Smith. W. C. Influence of creep feeding and diatery intake after weaning on Malabsorption and occurrence of diarrhea in the early weaned pig. Research in veterinary science. 1986 41(1):63～69
12. Harbers, L.H., A.P. Alvares, A.I. Jacobson, and W.J.Visek. Effect of barbituuric acid and chlortetracycline upon growth, ammonia concentrati and urease activity in the gastrointestinal tract of the chick. J. Nutr. 1963.80:75～79
13. Hidaka H. Effect of fructooligosaccharides on intestinal flora and health[J]. Bifidobacteria and Microflora. 1986. 5:37～50
14. Howard. M.D. et al. Effect of dietary addition of fructooligosaccharide on colonic microflora populations and epithelial cell proliferation in neonatai pigs. J. Anim Sci. 1993. Suppl. 347
15. Katta, Ohkuma, Satouchietal. Feedforlivestock. Eur. Pat. 1993. Appl. O549478A1: 1～14
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2. Blecha et al.J Anim sci. 1982 Vol.53 No 2:439～447
3. Cera, K.R. et al. Effect of age, weaning, and postweaning diet on small intestinal growth and jejunal morphology in young swine. J. Anim. Sci. 1989. 66:574～584
4. Cole, I.R. and F.M. Boyd. Fat absorption from the small intestinal of gnotobiotic chick. Applied Microbiology. 1967.15:1229～1234
5. Farnworth, Molder, Jones et al. Feeding Jerusalem artichoke flour rich in fructo-oligosaccharides to weanling pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 1992.72: 977～980.
6. Feighner, S.D. and M. P. Dashkevicz. Subtherapeutics levels of antibiotics in poultry feeds and their effects on weight gain, feed efficiency, and bacterial cholytaurine hydrolawi activity. Appl. Environ. Microbio. 1987.153:331～336
7. Fukuyasu T. Effect of oligosaccharides on growth of piglets and on bacterial flora, putrefactive substances and volatile fatty acids in their feces J. Bulletin of Animal Hygiene. 1987.26:15～22
8. Fuller, R. and. E. Brooker. Lactobacilli which attach to the crop cpithelium of the Conference in Japan. 1974.34:67
9. Gabert V M. The effect of oligosaccharides and lactiolon the ileal digestibilities of amino aicds, monosaccharides and bacterial populations in the small intestine of weaning pigs[J]. Canandian Journal of Animal Science. 1994. 31:99～107.
10. Hampson, D.J. Alternations in piglet small intestinal structure at weaning. Res. Vet. Sci. 1986.40:32～40
11. Hampson, D. J.; Smith. W. C. Influence of creep feeding and diatery intake after weaning on Malabsorption and occurrence of diarrhea in the early weaned pig. Research in veterinary science. 1986 41(1):63～69
12. Harbers, L.H., A.P. Alvares, A.I. Jacobson, and W.J.Visek. Effect of barbituuric acid and chlortetracycline upon growth, ammonia concentrati and urease activity in the gastrointestinal tract of the chick. J. Nutr. 1963.80:75～79
13. Hidaka H. Effect of fructooligosaccharides on intestinal flora and health[J]. Bifidobacteria and Microflora. 1986. 5:37～50
14. Howard. M.D. et al. Effect of dietary addition of fructooligosaccharide on colonic microflora populations and epithelial cell proliferation in neonatai pigs. J. Anim Sci. 1993. Suppl. 347
15. Katta, Ohkuma, Satouchietal. Feedforlivestock. Eur. Pat. 1993. Appl. O549478A1: 1～14
16. Kelly, D. King, T.P. Effects of lactation on the decline of brush border lactase activity in neonatal pigs. 1991. Gut32(4):386～392
17. Lindsey, T.O. Further studies into the mode of action of growth promotants in turkeys. Proc. of the Smithkline Animal Health Products Pacesetter Con. 1990. Microbial. 1990.31:107～133
18. Mathew A G, Effect of galacton on selected microbial populations and pH and volatile fatty acids in the ileum of the weanling pig J. Journal of Animal Science. 1993.71:1503～1509
19. Miller B G, James P S, Smith M W, and Bourne F J. Effect of weaning on the capacity of pig intestinal villi to digest and absorb nutrients J. Journal of Agricultural Science. 1986.107:579～589
20. Miller, J. G. et al. Influence of diet on postweaning malaabsorption and diarrhea in the pig. Res. Vet. Sci. 1984 36:181
21. Omar et al. In vitro fructooligosaccharide utilization and inhibition of salmonella spp. by selected bacteria. Poultry science. 1995.74:1418～1425.
22. Russell. T. J. Fructooligosaccharide enhances performance of the weaned pig by alteration of intestinal microflora. Ph. D Dissertation University of Missouri. USA. 1996
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