鄂尔多斯盆地南区保安群地下水水化学特征及演化机理
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摘要
鄂尔多斯白垩系盆地是由巨厚层白垩系下统保安群陆相碎屑岩组成的大型自流水盆地,盆地以白于山为中线划分为南北两大部分。白于山以南地区,面积约5.5892万km2,地表水短缺、地下水水质复杂,可用水资源非常短缺,对鄂尔多斯能源基地的扩建造成影响,为了寻求优质地下水源,有必要进行该区的地下水水化学演化机理研究。
本学位论文依托中国地质调查局国土资源大调查项目“鄂尔多斯盆地地下水勘查”,以鄂尔多斯盆地白于山以南的白垩系分布区(简称“盆地南区”)为研究区,以盆地南区白垩系地下水为研究对象,以水文地球化学理论为指导,应用数理统计、聚类分析、水文地球化学模拟等多种技术方法和常规水文地质分析相结合的手段,深入研究了盆地南区白垩系保安群中深层地下水水化学演化过程和规律,取得了以下主要研究结果：
1.盆地南区西北部洛河组和环河组地下水水化学类型均以SO4·Cl—Na型水为主,水质差；盆地南区自边界和西南边界向马莲河东线一带,地下水类型呈HCO3—Ca·Mg·Na型水、HCO3·SO4—Na型水、HCO3·SO4·Cl—Na型水、向S04—Na型水和S04·Cl—Na型水水平分带现象；研究区罗汉洞组地下水从西北向东南,水化学类型由S04·Cl、HCO3·SO4·Cl型逐渐转化为HCO3·S04、S04型,向南该组尖灭一带为HCO3型水。
2.通过对盆地南区保安群各含水岩组地下水化学场对地下水流场指示意义的研究表明：洛河组、环河组地下水水化学分带与水动力分区吻合的较好,从补给区到排泄区,地下水中除了HCO3-含量逐渐减少,TDS和其他常量组分均呈增大趋势,水化学场对水动力场的指示作用明显；罗汉洞组地下水化学分带与水动力场分区不太吻合。
3.利用地下水中主要离子含量和离子当量比值的变化趋势分析了各水流路径上的水文地球化学过程：研究区地下水水化学成分总体上受水动力条件和径流路径上易溶盐累积作用的影响,研究区的西南端、东部边缘和西部六盘山一带,rCa/rNa、rMg/rNa、Ca/rCl、rHCO3/rCl比值多属于高值区,具有补给区特征；而在马莲河、泾河一带上述系列比值则相对较小,属于低值区,具有径流排泄区特征；研究区rNa/rCl和rSO4/rCl比值基本上都大于1,反映了盆地南区白垩系地下水沿径流方向呈现Na富集盐化的水文地球化学过程,且硫酸盐的富集速率比岩盐快。
4.通过对长武、彬县一带洛河组典型水流路径B12→2-6-1→水D20及水样点D30地下水化学演化特征分析,推断洛河组地下水的排泄基准面介于点水D20和水D30之间的某个位置上；罗汉洞组水流路径盐65→镇基7-Ⅰ上存在混合作用,在罗汉洞组局部地段混合作用明显,因此,地下水化学分布规律与水动力分区不吻合,这与上述聚类分析水化学场对水动力场指示结果相一致。
5.盆地南区保安群地下水质量平衡模拟结果表明,溶滤作用是研究区地下水化学演化过程中的主要作用,在地下水径流过程中主要发生了石膏、岩盐、斜长石、钾云母、钾长石或CO2等不同程度的溶解反应和伊利石沉淀反应；阳离子交换在洛河组、环河组地下水化学演化过程中作用较强,而罗汉洞组相对较弱；混合作用多发生在薄覆盖区或裸露地段。
6.通过盆地南区各模拟路径上的地下水单位距离长度上石膏、NaCl、斜长石的溶蚀量(mmol/L·km)研究表明,单位距离溶蚀量低的路径基本都分布在补给区,而单位距离溶蚀量高的路径多位于地下水径流排泄区,水化学模拟结果更进一步说明了地下水水化学演化规律对地下水动力场的指示作用。
7.保安群地下水正向水文地球化学模拟结果进一步表明了影响洛河组和环河组地下水化学演化过程的主要是溶滤作用和交换作用；在罗汉洞组地下水化学演化过程中阳离子交换吸附作用较弱,以溶滤作用为主。
The Ordos Cretaceous basin is a large scale artesian water basin which is constituted by the thick layer Cretaceous foot length Bao'an group continental facies calstic rock. The basin is division to south and north basin in terms of Baiyu Mountain. In south of Baiyu Mountain, the area is 5.5892 ten thousand km2, surface water shortage, groundwater quality complexity, and the available water resource is super shortage, that effect on the Ordos Energy Base construction. So, in order to find the high quality groundwater fountain, the groundwater hydrochemical evolution mechanism study is necessity and imminence.
The paper rely on the China Geological Survy Ministry of Land and Resources survey items "Ordos basin groundwater survey", aim at the south of Ordos Cretaceous Bao'an group groundwater, according to the hydrogeochemical theory, using the mathematical statistics, cluster analysis, hydrogeochemical simulation and so on technical and custom hydrogeological analysis, the south of basin Cretaceous Bao'an group groundwater hydrochemical evolution course and rule was studied. Through these works, some main research results were obtained, as follows:
1. The south of basin Luo he group and Huan he group groundwater hydrochemical type is SO4·Cl—Na mostly, the water quality is bad; but, the south of basin from eastern boundary and western south boundary to Ma lian river, the groundwater hydrochemical type is from HCO3—Ca·Mg·Na、HCO3SO4—Na、HCO3SO4Cl—Na、SO4—Na and SO4·Cl—Na present level zoning phenomenon; The Luo handong group groundwater from western north to eastern south, the hydrochemical type is from SO4·Cl、HCO3·SO4·Cl to HCO3SO4、SO4, in south boundary the hydrochemical type is HCO3.
2. The denotation of groundwater hydrochemical field on the groundwater flow field in the south of basin Bao'an group was studied:Luo group and Huan he group groundwater hydrochemical zoning is anastomsis with hydrodynamic force partition, from recharge region to excretion region, the content of HCO3- in groundwater is decrease gradually, TDS and the others constant component present increase trend. The Luo handong group groundwater hydrochemical zoning is not anastomsis with hydrodynamic force partition.
3. The hydrogeochemical cource in different stream path was studied using the main ion content and ion equivalent ration variation trend. The groundwater chemical compositions are effected by hydrodynamic and soluble salt cumulation. The ratio of rCa/rNa、rMg/rNa、Ca/rCl、rHCO3/rCl is higher in western south end, eastern edge and western north Liu pan Mountain, in the nature of recharge characteristic. The ratio is little in Ma lian river, Jing River, in the nature of drainage characteristic. The ratio of rNa/rCl和rSO4/rCl is more than one, which reflect the Na enrichment salinazation, and the enrichment speed of sulfate is faster than halite.
4. Through analysis the hydrochemical characteristic of stream path B12→2-6-1→sample D20 and sample D30, conclude the drainage datum plane of Luo river group groundwater is between in sample D20 and sample D30. For there exist mixing in Luo handong group stream path from Yan 65 to Zhenji7-1, the groundwater hydrochemical zoning is not anastomsis with hydrodynamic force partition.
5. The mass balance simulation result shows, the lixiviation is the main hydrogeochemistry in groundwater evolution. In the groundwater stream process, the gypsum, halite, plagioclase, muscovite or CO2 dissolutes differently degree and illite precipitate. The ion exchange is stronger in Luo river group and Huan river group groundwater, but in Luo handong group is weaker; The mixing is in the thin overlay region or bareness district.
6. Through analysis the chemical denudation capacityof gypsum, halite, plagioclase in simulation path, the results show that lower the unit distance chemical denudation capacity is in the supply region and the higher the unit distance chemical denudation capacity is in the drainage region. The hydrochemical simulation results further certificate that the denotation of groundwater hydrochemical field on the groundwater flow field.
7. The forward hydrogeochemical simulation results indicate that the influence factor of the Luo river group and Huan river group groundwater hydrochemical evolution is lixiviation and exchange. The ion exchange is weaker s in Luo handong group and the lixiviation is stronger.
本学位论文依托中国地质调查局国土资源大调查项目“鄂尔多斯盆地地下水勘查”,以鄂尔多斯盆地白于山以南的白垩系分布区(简称“盆地南区”)为研究区,以盆地南区白垩系地下水为研究对象,以水文地球化学理论为指导,应用数理统计、聚类分析、水文地球化学模拟等多种技术方法和常规水文地质分析相结合的手段,深入研究了盆地南区白垩系保安群中深层地下水水化学演化过程和规律,取得了以下主要研究结果：
1.盆地南区西北部洛河组和环河组地下水水化学类型均以SO4·Cl—Na型水为主,水质差；盆地南区自边界和西南边界向马莲河东线一带,地下水类型呈HCO3—Ca·Mg·Na型水、HCO3·SO4—Na型水、HCO3·SO4·Cl—Na型水、向S04—Na型水和S04·Cl—Na型水水平分带现象；研究区罗汉洞组地下水从西北向东南,水化学类型由S04·Cl、HCO3·SO4·Cl型逐渐转化为HCO3·S04、S04型,向南该组尖灭一带为HCO3型水。
2.通过对盆地南区保安群各含水岩组地下水化学场对地下水流场指示意义的研究表明：洛河组、环河组地下水水化学分带与水动力分区吻合的较好,从补给区到排泄区,地下水中除了HCO3-含量逐渐减少,TDS和其他常量组分均呈增大趋势,水化学场对水动力场的指示作用明显；罗汉洞组地下水化学分带与水动力场分区不太吻合。
3.利用地下水中主要离子含量和离子当量比值的变化趋势分析了各水流路径上的水文地球化学过程：研究区地下水水化学成分总体上受水动力条件和径流路径上易溶盐累积作用的影响,研究区的西南端、东部边缘和西部六盘山一带,rCa/rNa、rMg/rNa、Ca/rCl、rHCO3/rCl比值多属于高值区,具有补给区特征；而在马莲河、泾河一带上述系列比值则相对较小,属于低值区,具有径流排泄区特征；研究区rNa/rCl和rSO4/rCl比值基本上都大于1,反映了盆地南区白垩系地下水沿径流方向呈现Na富集盐化的水文地球化学过程,且硫酸盐的富集速率比岩盐快。
4.通过对长武、彬县一带洛河组典型水流路径B12→2-6-1→水D20及水样点D30地下水化学演化特征分析,推断洛河组地下水的排泄基准面介于点水D20和水D30之间的某个位置上；罗汉洞组水流路径盐65→镇基7-Ⅰ上存在混合作用,在罗汉洞组局部地段混合作用明显,因此,地下水化学分布规律与水动力分区不吻合,这与上述聚类分析水化学场对水动力场指示结果相一致。
5.盆地南区保安群地下水质量平衡模拟结果表明,溶滤作用是研究区地下水化学演化过程中的主要作用,在地下水径流过程中主要发生了石膏、岩盐、斜长石、钾云母、钾长石或CO2等不同程度的溶解反应和伊利石沉淀反应；阳离子交换在洛河组、环河组地下水化学演化过程中作用较强,而罗汉洞组相对较弱；混合作用多发生在薄覆盖区或裸露地段。
6.通过盆地南区各模拟路径上的地下水单位距离长度上石膏、NaCl、斜长石的溶蚀量(mmol/L·km)研究表明,单位距离溶蚀量低的路径基本都分布在补给区,而单位距离溶蚀量高的路径多位于地下水径流排泄区,水化学模拟结果更进一步说明了地下水水化学演化规律对地下水动力场的指示作用。
7.保安群地下水正向水文地球化学模拟结果进一步表明了影响洛河组和环河组地下水化学演化过程的主要是溶滤作用和交换作用；在罗汉洞组地下水化学演化过程中阳离子交换吸附作用较弱,以溶滤作用为主。
The Ordos Cretaceous basin is a large scale artesian water basin which is constituted by the thick layer Cretaceous foot length Bao'an group continental facies calstic rock. The basin is division to south and north basin in terms of Baiyu Mountain. In south of Baiyu Mountain, the area is 5.5892 ten thousand km2, surface water shortage, groundwater quality complexity, and the available water resource is super shortage, that effect on the Ordos Energy Base construction. So, in order to find the high quality groundwater fountain, the groundwater hydrochemical evolution mechanism study is necessity and imminence.
The paper rely on the China Geological Survy Ministry of Land and Resources survey items "Ordos basin groundwater survey", aim at the south of Ordos Cretaceous Bao'an group groundwater, according to the hydrogeochemical theory, using the mathematical statistics, cluster analysis, hydrogeochemical simulation and so on technical and custom hydrogeological analysis, the south of basin Cretaceous Bao'an group groundwater hydrochemical evolution course and rule was studied. Through these works, some main research results were obtained, as follows:
1. The south of basin Luo he group and Huan he group groundwater hydrochemical type is SO4·Cl—Na mostly, the water quality is bad; but, the south of basin from eastern boundary and western south boundary to Ma lian river, the groundwater hydrochemical type is from HCO3—Ca·Mg·Na、HCO3SO4—Na、HCO3SO4Cl—Na、SO4—Na and SO4·Cl—Na present level zoning phenomenon; The Luo handong group groundwater from western north to eastern south, the hydrochemical type is from SO4·Cl、HCO3·SO4·Cl to HCO3SO4、SO4, in south boundary the hydrochemical type is HCO3.
2. The denotation of groundwater hydrochemical field on the groundwater flow field in the south of basin Bao'an group was studied:Luo group and Huan he group groundwater hydrochemical zoning is anastomsis with hydrodynamic force partition, from recharge region to excretion region, the content of HCO3- in groundwater is decrease gradually, TDS and the others constant component present increase trend. The Luo handong group groundwater hydrochemical zoning is not anastomsis with hydrodynamic force partition.
3. The hydrogeochemical cource in different stream path was studied using the main ion content and ion equivalent ration variation trend. The groundwater chemical compositions are effected by hydrodynamic and soluble salt cumulation. The ratio of rCa/rNa、rMg/rNa、Ca/rCl、rHCO3/rCl is higher in western south end, eastern edge and western north Liu pan Mountain, in the nature of recharge characteristic. The ratio is little in Ma lian river, Jing River, in the nature of drainage characteristic. The ratio of rNa/rCl和rSO4/rCl is more than one, which reflect the Na enrichment salinazation, and the enrichment speed of sulfate is faster than halite.
4. Through analysis the hydrochemical characteristic of stream path B12→2-6-1→sample D20 and sample D30, conclude the drainage datum plane of Luo river group groundwater is between in sample D20 and sample D30. For there exist mixing in Luo handong group stream path from Yan 65 to Zhenji7-1, the groundwater hydrochemical zoning is not anastomsis with hydrodynamic force partition.
5. The mass balance simulation result shows, the lixiviation is the main hydrogeochemistry in groundwater evolution. In the groundwater stream process, the gypsum, halite, plagioclase, muscovite or CO2 dissolutes differently degree and illite precipitate. The ion exchange is stronger in Luo river group and Huan river group groundwater, but in Luo handong group is weaker; The mixing is in the thin overlay region or bareness district.
6. Through analysis the chemical denudation capacityof gypsum, halite, plagioclase in simulation path, the results show that lower the unit distance chemical denudation capacity is in the supply region and the higher the unit distance chemical denudation capacity is in the drainage region. The hydrochemical simulation results further certificate that the denotation of groundwater hydrochemical field on the groundwater flow field.
7. The forward hydrogeochemical simulation results indicate that the influence factor of the Luo river group and Huan river group groundwater hydrochemical evolution is lixiviation and exchange. The ion exchange is weaker s in Luo handong group and the lixiviation is stronger.
引文
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