新型碳材料复合物催化剂用于富氢气氛下CO优先氧化及CO完全氧化反应
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摘要
氧化碳氧化和优先氧化均是放热反应,这导致传统氧化物催化剂上因传热不佳容易形成热点,而这些热点的存在有利于吸热的逆水煤气变化反应发生,从而影响CO的净化效果。石墨烯、纳米碳管等碳材料具有良好的导热性能,理论来说,在CO氧化催化剂中引入石墨烯或纳米碳管成分,可能避免热点生成,抑制逆水煤气变换反应的发生,该类复合物应该是一种值得研究的CO氧化及CO优先氧化催化剂。
本文采用改进Hummers法以天然石墨为原料制备了氧化石墨,在此基础上通过低温热膨胀法和化学还原氧化石墨法分别制备了石墨烯,并采用SEM,TEM, XRD等表征手段对所制得的碳材料的形貌进行表征。采用石墨烯和氧化石墨作载体,过体积浸渍法制备了一系列负载金属催化剂,以CO完全氧化反应为探针,初步研究了石墨烯载体与所负载金属纳米颗粒之间相互作用,探索石墨烯及氧化石墨材料在催化反应中的应用价值。
研究结果表明,250℃以下碳材料载体如Gn、GO本身表现出对CO氧化反应惰性,而浸渍法制备的不同碳材料载体负载的金属复合物催化剂则表现出一定的CO氧化活性,顺序为：PtNi/Gs (GO)>Pt/Gs(GO)>Ni/Gs (GO)>Gs (GO).其中,PtNi/Gs (1wt.%Pt1.5wt.%Ni)催化剂在质量空速98000ml·g-1h-1下,从175℃开始达到完全转化,表现出了良好的CO完全氧化性能。TPR, TEM, XPS等表征结果表明,催化剂表面PtNi合金相的形成起到了关键作用。
通过过体积浸渍法、柠檬酸络合法和化学还原法制备了一系列Pt、PtNi负载的石墨烯催化剂,通过对催化剂制备条件的考察,研究金属或金属氧化物在此类碳材料上的负载情况,研究催化剂结构对CO优先氧化催化性能的影响。详细考察了制备方法、前驱物浓度、助剂Ni的加入、表面活性剂的加入等制备条件对催化剂物理化学性质的影响。主要得出以下结论：过体积浸渍法制备的Pt系负载石墨烯催化剂上,活性组分Pt、Ni颗粒细小,分散最为均匀,石墨烯载体具有的较大比表面积,有利于活性组分金属在催化剂表面的均匀分散,是其成为潜在催化剂载体的重要原因。
CNTs具有很好的导热性,将Co3O4-CeO2催化剂与CNTs复合可以减缓催化剂上热点的生成,抑制CO2和H2发生逆水煤气变换反应,削弱CO2的负面影响。本文中,利用机械混合法和浸渍法将纳米碳管与CO3O4颗粒复合,制备了纳米碳管负载的CO3O4及Co3O4-CeO2系列催化剂,通过提高活性组分C0304在载体上的分散,改善催化剂性能。
本文阐述了一种新的制备大孔-介孔材料的方法,采用纳米碳管做造孔剂,制备出纳米碳管与α-Al2O3大孔整体式复合材料,通过煅烧去除复合材料中的纳米碳管模板,从而在大孔孔壁上引入介孔,通过控制介孔的数量和尺寸,达到增加材料的比表面积的目的。在此介孔-大孔α-Al2O3载体基础上负载Ru,制备出了一系列不同活性组分含量的Ru/α-Al2O3催化剂,并将其应用于PROX反应中,均表现出了良好的催化活性。其中以催化剂2wt.%Ru/CNTs-α-Al2O3-750最优,在反应气组成为1vol.%CO,1vol.%O2,50vol.%H2,N2平衡,质量空速60,000mL·gcat-1·h-1下,100-150℃范围内达到CO转化率100%。
Both of the CO oxidation and preferential oxidation are exothermic reactions, for these rections, hot pots was easily formed during heat transfers on the traditional oxides catalyst and played a positive role on the Reversed water gas shift reaction, and finally effects the purification of CO. theoretically, the number of hot pots on the traditional CO oxidation catalysts can be decreased after the addition of graphene, carbon nanotubes and other carbon materials with good thermal performance. Such complexes would be a potential catalyst for CO oxidation and CO oxidation.
Graphite oxide (GO) was prepared by an improved Hummers method from natural graphite and turned to graphene sheets (Gs) through low-temperature thermal expansion method and chemical reduction method, and was then characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD. A series of graphite oxide and graphene supported nanometal catalysts were synthesized by wetness impregnation method and then used in the CO oxidation reaction. Preliminary research on the interactions between metal nano-particles and graphene support was also studied.
The results show that, carbon materials such as of Gn and GO showed their inertance for CO oxidation reaction under250℃, while the supported carbon-metal complex catalysts prepared by wetness impregnation showed a certain amount of CO oxidation activity, following in this order:PtNi/Gs (GO)> Pt/Gs (GO)> Ni/Gs (GO)> Gs (GO). TPR, TEM, XPS and other characterization results showed that the formation of Pt-Ni alloy phase on the catalyst surface played a key role.
A series of Pt, PtNi supported graphene catalysts were prepared by wetness impregnation, citric acid complex and chemical reduction methods. In this study, preparation conditions of these catalysts was studied in order to see the metal loading or metal oxide loading on those carbon materials, and the relationship between the structure of the catalyst and catalyst performance for the CO preferential oxidation was also studied. Detailed studies of catalyst preparation conditions such as preparation methods, precursor concentration, addition of Ni additives and surfactants was also carried out.
Due to the good thermal conductivity of CNTs, the composite catalyst mixed with Co3O4-CeO2and CNTs can reduce the formation of hot spot on the catalyst surface, inhibit reversed water-gas shift reaction occurs and reduce the negative impact of CO2. In this paper, CNTs supported CO3O4and Co3O4-CeO2composite catalysts were prepared by mechanical mixing and impregnation, by increasing the active component dispersion of Co3O4on the CNTs support to improve their catalytic performance.
In this text, a new way of preparing the macro-meso porous material with a CNTs template has been built. A series of meso-macro porous Ru/α-Al2O3catalysts with different Ru loading conents were prepared and used in the PROX reaction and showed good catalytic activities. Among these Ru/α-Al2O3catalysts,2wt.%Ru/CNTs-α-Al2O3-750showed the best ability of CO elimination, and under a space velocity of60,000ml·gcat-1·h-1and the reactant feed gas of1vol.%CO,1vol.%O2,50vol.%H2,48vol.%N2, the conversion of CO reached to100%at the range of100-150℃.
本文采用改进Hummers法以天然石墨为原料制备了氧化石墨,在此基础上通过低温热膨胀法和化学还原氧化石墨法分别制备了石墨烯,并采用SEM,TEM, XRD等表征手段对所制得的碳材料的形貌进行表征。采用石墨烯和氧化石墨作载体,过体积浸渍法制备了一系列负载金属催化剂,以CO完全氧化反应为探针,初步研究了石墨烯载体与所负载金属纳米颗粒之间相互作用,探索石墨烯及氧化石墨材料在催化反应中的应用价值。
研究结果表明,250℃以下碳材料载体如Gn、GO本身表现出对CO氧化反应惰性,而浸渍法制备的不同碳材料载体负载的金属复合物催化剂则表现出一定的CO氧化活性,顺序为：PtNi/Gs (GO)>Pt/Gs(GO)>Ni/Gs (GO)>Gs (GO).其中,PtNi/Gs (1wt.%Pt1.5wt.%Ni)催化剂在质量空速98000ml·g-1h-1下,从175℃开始达到完全转化,表现出了良好的CO完全氧化性能。TPR, TEM, XPS等表征结果表明,催化剂表面PtNi合金相的形成起到了关键作用。
通过过体积浸渍法、柠檬酸络合法和化学还原法制备了一系列Pt、PtNi负载的石墨烯催化剂,通过对催化剂制备条件的考察,研究金属或金属氧化物在此类碳材料上的负载情况,研究催化剂结构对CO优先氧化催化性能的影响。详细考察了制备方法、前驱物浓度、助剂Ni的加入、表面活性剂的加入等制备条件对催化剂物理化学性质的影响。主要得出以下结论：过体积浸渍法制备的Pt系负载石墨烯催化剂上,活性组分Pt、Ni颗粒细小,分散最为均匀,石墨烯载体具有的较大比表面积,有利于活性组分金属在催化剂表面的均匀分散,是其成为潜在催化剂载体的重要原因。
CNTs具有很好的导热性,将Co3O4-CeO2催化剂与CNTs复合可以减缓催化剂上热点的生成,抑制CO2和H2发生逆水煤气变换反应,削弱CO2的负面影响。本文中,利用机械混合法和浸渍法将纳米碳管与CO3O4颗粒复合,制备了纳米碳管负载的CO3O4及Co3O4-CeO2系列催化剂,通过提高活性组分C0304在载体上的分散,改善催化剂性能。
本文阐述了一种新的制备大孔-介孔材料的方法,采用纳米碳管做造孔剂,制备出纳米碳管与α-Al2O3大孔整体式复合材料,通过煅烧去除复合材料中的纳米碳管模板,从而在大孔孔壁上引入介孔,通过控制介孔的数量和尺寸,达到增加材料的比表面积的目的。在此介孔-大孔α-Al2O3载体基础上负载Ru,制备出了一系列不同活性组分含量的Ru/α-Al2O3催化剂,并将其应用于PROX反应中,均表现出了良好的催化活性。其中以催化剂2wt.%Ru/CNTs-α-Al2O3-750最优,在反应气组成为1vol.%CO,1vol.%O2,50vol.%H2,N2平衡,质量空速60,000mL·gcat-1·h-1下,100-150℃范围内达到CO转化率100%。
Both of the CO oxidation and preferential oxidation are exothermic reactions, for these rections, hot pots was easily formed during heat transfers on the traditional oxides catalyst and played a positive role on the Reversed water gas shift reaction, and finally effects the purification of CO. theoretically, the number of hot pots on the traditional CO oxidation catalysts can be decreased after the addition of graphene, carbon nanotubes and other carbon materials with good thermal performance. Such complexes would be a potential catalyst for CO oxidation and CO oxidation.
Graphite oxide (GO) was prepared by an improved Hummers method from natural graphite and turned to graphene sheets (Gs) through low-temperature thermal expansion method and chemical reduction method, and was then characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD. A series of graphite oxide and graphene supported nanometal catalysts were synthesized by wetness impregnation method and then used in the CO oxidation reaction. Preliminary research on the interactions between metal nano-particles and graphene support was also studied.
The results show that, carbon materials such as of Gn and GO showed their inertance for CO oxidation reaction under250℃, while the supported carbon-metal complex catalysts prepared by wetness impregnation showed a certain amount of CO oxidation activity, following in this order:PtNi/Gs (GO)> Pt/Gs (GO)> Ni/Gs (GO)> Gs (GO). TPR, TEM, XPS and other characterization results showed that the formation of Pt-Ni alloy phase on the catalyst surface played a key role.
A series of Pt, PtNi supported graphene catalysts were prepared by wetness impregnation, citric acid complex and chemical reduction methods. In this study, preparation conditions of these catalysts was studied in order to see the metal loading or metal oxide loading on those carbon materials, and the relationship between the structure of the catalyst and catalyst performance for the CO preferential oxidation was also studied. Detailed studies of catalyst preparation conditions such as preparation methods, precursor concentration, addition of Ni additives and surfactants was also carried out.
Due to the good thermal conductivity of CNTs, the composite catalyst mixed with Co3O4-CeO2and CNTs can reduce the formation of hot spot on the catalyst surface, inhibit reversed water-gas shift reaction occurs and reduce the negative impact of CO2. In this paper, CNTs supported CO3O4and Co3O4-CeO2composite catalysts were prepared by mechanical mixing and impregnation, by increasing the active component dispersion of Co3O4on the CNTs support to improve their catalytic performance.
In this text, a new way of preparing the macro-meso porous material with a CNTs template has been built. A series of meso-macro porous Ru/α-Al2O3catalysts with different Ru loading conents were prepared and used in the PROX reaction and showed good catalytic activities. Among these Ru/α-Al2O3catalysts,2wt.%Ru/CNTs-α-Al2O3-750showed the best ability of CO elimination, and under a space velocity of60,000ml·gcat-1·h-1and the reactant feed gas of1vol.%CO,1vol.%O2,50vol.%H2,48vol.%N2, the conversion of CO reached to100%at the range of100-150℃.
引文
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