基于铱星数据通信的海洋数据采集与实时传输通用平台的研究
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摘要
近年来,随着人类对海洋探索和研究的不断深入,人们对海洋数据采集传输技术提出了更高的要求。各种海洋环境参数传感器不断涌现,海洋数据传输则朝着全球性、全天候的实时数据收集方向发展。
本文首先分析了海洋数据采集传输技术的现有技术和存在问题,从提高海洋数据采集传输系统通用性和实用性的角度出发,提出了基于铱星通信的海洋数据采集与实时传输通用平台的理念,该平台只需要通过软件参数的改变,就可以配合不同的海洋环境监测仪器,在不同工作模式之间灵活切换工作,从而满足用户对数据采集传输工作的不同需求。此外,通用的理念还体现在海洋浮标的单片机控制器,在加载uIP协议栈的基础上,能实现与提供不同应用服务的数据收集工作站进行实时数据通信。
本文论述了基于铱星通信的海洋数据采集与实时传输通用平台的工作原理和技术要点,重点阐述了系统控制器的硬件和软件设计。设计中始终贯穿通用性和低功耗性的两大理念。硬件部分包括:电源管理电路设计、控制器与铱星终端及控制器与传感器的接口设计等;软件部分设计了一套不依赖于具体传感器和工作站服务类型的命令控制体系。
本文设计的平台已应用于实现海洋数据的采集与远程实时传输,且在海试中取得了良好的效果,具有很好的应用前景。
Recently, the development of ocean explorations and researches brings higher requirement to the technology of ocean data collection and transmission. Various kinds of marine sensors have come forth, and ocean data transmission is developing towards global coverage, all-weather capability and real-time transmission.
By analyzing the present situation and existing problems of the technology of ocean data collection and transmission, a new concept of universal platform of ocean data collection and real-time transmission based on Iridium is raised. This concept aims to improve the universality and practicality of the system of ocean data collection and real-time transmission. The universal platform of ocean data collection and real-time transmission is compatible with different marine sensors, and flexibly shifts among different working mode of the marine sensor, so that different users' demands on data collection and transmission can be fulfilled. Moreover, the concept of universality also lies in the compatibleness with work station of different application services for the MCU controller.
In this thesis, the working principle and technical points of the platform is introduced, then the hardware and software design of system controller is emphasized discussing. The design follows two main principles: universality and low power consumption. The part of hardware design includes design for power management circuit, the interface design for MCU controller and marine sensor and the interface design for MCU controller and Iridium modem, etc. As for the software part, a command system which is independent of marine sensor and application services of remote work station is designed.
Our design has been applied to the realization of ocean data collection and transmission. The platform performed well on the sea trial and has promising applications.
本文首先分析了海洋数据采集传输技术的现有技术和存在问题,从提高海洋数据采集传输系统通用性和实用性的角度出发,提出了基于铱星通信的海洋数据采集与实时传输通用平台的理念,该平台只需要通过软件参数的改变,就可以配合不同的海洋环境监测仪器,在不同工作模式之间灵活切换工作,从而满足用户对数据采集传输工作的不同需求。此外,通用的理念还体现在海洋浮标的单片机控制器,在加载uIP协议栈的基础上,能实现与提供不同应用服务的数据收集工作站进行实时数据通信。
本文论述了基于铱星通信的海洋数据采集与实时传输通用平台的工作原理和技术要点,重点阐述了系统控制器的硬件和软件设计。设计中始终贯穿通用性和低功耗性的两大理念。硬件部分包括:电源管理电路设计、控制器与铱星终端及控制器与传感器的接口设计等;软件部分设计了一套不依赖于具体传感器和工作站服务类型的命令控制体系。
本文设计的平台已应用于实现海洋数据的采集与远程实时传输,且在海试中取得了良好的效果,具有很好的应用前景。
Recently, the development of ocean explorations and researches brings higher requirement to the technology of ocean data collection and transmission. Various kinds of marine sensors have come forth, and ocean data transmission is developing towards global coverage, all-weather capability and real-time transmission.
By analyzing the present situation and existing problems of the technology of ocean data collection and transmission, a new concept of universal platform of ocean data collection and real-time transmission based on Iridium is raised. This concept aims to improve the universality and practicality of the system of ocean data collection and real-time transmission. The universal platform of ocean data collection and real-time transmission is compatible with different marine sensors, and flexibly shifts among different working mode of the marine sensor, so that different users' demands on data collection and transmission can be fulfilled. Moreover, the concept of universality also lies in the compatibleness with work station of different application services for the MCU controller.
In this thesis, the working principle and technical points of the platform is introduced, then the hardware and software design of system controller is emphasized discussing. The design follows two main principles: universality and low power consumption. The part of hardware design includes design for power management circuit, the interface design for MCU controller and marine sensor and the interface design for MCU controller and Iridium modem, etc. As for the software part, a command system which is independent of marine sensor and application services of remote work station is designed.
Our design has been applied to the realization of ocean data collection and transmission. The platform performed well on the sea trial and has promising applications.
引文
[1]李玉成.海洋工程技术进展与对发展我国海洋经济的思考[J].大连理大学学报,2002.42(1):1-5.
[2]朱光文.我国海洋监测技术研究和开发的现状利未来发展[J].海洋技术,2002.21(2):27-32.
[3]National dat a buoy center,http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/[OL]
[4]Tricia Fu,DanielDoonan,Chris Utley,etc.Design and Development of a Software-Defined Underwater Acoustic Modem for Sensor Networks for Environmental and Ecological Research[J],In proc.MTS/IEEE Oceans,September,2006.
[5]蔡树群,张文静,王盛安.海洋环境观测技术研究进展[J].热带海洋学报,2007(3):76-81.
[6]姚勇.海洋监测高新技术领域的标准研究[D].南开大学硕士学位论文,2004:7-17
[7]Chang,G.,Dickey,T.,M.Lewis.Toward a global ocean system for measurements of optical properties using remote sensing and in situ observations[J].Remote Sensing of the Marine Environment,2006,(6):285-326.
[8]Frye,D.,L.Freitag,R.Detrick,J.Collins,etc.An acoustically linked moored-buoy ocean observatory[J].EOS,2006,87(22):213-218.
[9]许丽娜,王孝强.我国海洋环境监测工作现状及发展对策[J].海洋环境科学.2003,22(1):65-66.
[10]康寿岭.海洋环境立体自动监测系统[J].海洋技术.2001,20(1):1-21.
[11]孙汝鹏.基于嵌入式技术的海洋环境在线监测系统的设计与实现[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2006:1-3.
[12]李林奇.小型多参数海洋环境监测浮标弹性系留系统技术研究[D].中国海洋大学硕士学位论文,2006:1-3.
[13]熊焰.极区海洋环境自动监测浮标总体设计技术[J].海洋技术,2005(1):14-18.
[14]#12
[15]何立民.从Cygnal C8051F看8位单片机发展之路[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2002(5):5-8.
[16]Microchip推出新型低引脚数PIC单片机[J].电子元器件应用,2006,8(6):141.
[17]罗晓珍.MSP430系列单片机开创低功耗应用新时代[J].机械管理开发,2007,4(2):92-96.
[18]刘志勇.海洋环境监测数据卫星通信系统技术研究与设计[J].海洋技术,2003,22(1):58-62.
[19]林子杰.铱星系统(Iridium)与Inmarsat系统的比较[J].航海技术,1999(3):37-38.
[20]张少永,林玉池,熊焰.Argos卫星发射平台研究与Argos通讯系统应用[J].海洋技术,2005,24(1):25-28.
[21]白春霞.低轨道卫星移动通信系统的发展及其应用[J].电信科学,1994,10(9):52-56.
[22]Gary M.Comparetto,A Technical Comparison of Several Global Mobile Satellite Communications Systems[J].Space Communications,1993,11(2):97-104.
[23]P Brunt,IRIDIUM(?)- Overview and Status[J].Space Communications,1996,14(2):61-68.
[24]黄磊.NEMO的卫星星座通信网络研究与仿真[D].国防科学技术大学,2006:7-17.
[25]Carl E.Fossa,Richard A.Raines,Gregg H.Gunsch,etc.A Performance Analysis of the IRIDIUM(?) Low Earth Orbit Satellite System with a Degraded Satellite Constellation[J].Mobile Computing and Communications Review,1998,2(4):54-61.
[26]李明远.基于低轨卫星网络的OSPF路由技术研究[D].南京邮电学院,2005:11-12.
[27]Peter W.Lemme,Simon M.Gienister.IRIDIUM@ AERONAUTICAL SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS[J].Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine,IEEE.1999,14(11):11-16.
[28]Iridium Satellite Data Services White Paper Version 1.0,http://www.Iridium.com/[EB/OL],June,2003.
[29]Iridium Satellite LLC.Mobile Teminated Data User's Guide Rev 4[R],2003(1).
[30]9522A L-Band Transceiver Product Information Guide,Revision 1.01.http://www.Iridium.com/[EB/OL]
[31]ISU AT Command Reference Version 2.6[R],March 30,2006.
[32]胡国瓒.电信机房电源远程监控管理系统开发研究[D].武汉理工大学,2007:11-31.
[33]纂卢波.嵌入式技术在海洋检测系统中的应用研究[D].青岛海洋大学,2002.
[34]张冬宁,郑崇苏.实时操作系统下单片机嵌入TCP/IP的研究[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(2):224-228.
[35]Adam Dunkels.The uIP TCP/IP Stack for Embedded Microcontrollers.http://dunkels.com/adam/uIP/[EB/OL],June 12,2006.
[36]Viado Handziski,Joseph Polastre,JanHinrich Hauer,etc.Flexible Hardware Abstraction of the TI MSP430 Microcontroller in TinyOS[C].The second international confence on Embedded networked sensor systems,November 2004.
[37]J.Heidemann,W.Ye,J.Wills,etc.Research Challenges and Applications for Underwater Sensor Networking[C].In Submitted to Proc.IEEE Wireless Comm.and Networking Conf.,Apr.2006.
[38]王力生,梅岩,曹南洋.轻量级嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈的设计[J].计算机工程,2007,33(2):246-248.
[39]余先涛,张俊峰,莫易敏.嵌入式TCP/IP协议在网络通信中的应用[J].武汉理工大学学报,2004,26(3):18-20.
[40]钱峰.基于嵌入式系统的网络技术研究[D].大连海事大学,2007.
[41]A.Ben-Artzi,A.Chandna,U.Warrier.Network management of TCP/IP networks:present and future[J].IEEE Network Magzine,1990,4(4):35 -43.
[42]徐功文,陈曙,王增廷.TCP_IP协议栈在MSP430单片机上的实现[J].数据采集与嵌入式系统,2005(3):86-89.
[43]魏小龙.MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例[M].北京:北京航空航夫大学出版社.2002.
[44]Texas Instrument INC,MSP430x1xx Family User's Guide[R].2006.
[45]Texas Instrument INC.MSP430x13x,MSP430x14x,MSP430x141x MIXED SIGNAL M1XCONTROLLER[R].Revised June 2004.
[46]Texas Instruments INC.Programming a FLASH Based MSP430 Using JTAG Interface[R].2005.
[47]Texas Instrument INC.MSP-FET430 FLASH Emulation Tool(FET)User's Guide[R].2003.
[48]RD Instrments INC.WorkHorse Monitor ADCP User's Guide[R].2002.
[49]刘基余.GPS卫星测量技术在海洋开发中的应用展望[J].海洋技术,2000.19(4):35-39.
[50]GARMIN International,Inc.GPS 15H & 15L Technical specification[R].2002.
[51]Texas Instruments INC.MAX3223 3-V TO 5.5-V Multichannel RS-232 line driver/receirver with ±15V-kV ESD Protection[R].Revised March 2004.
[52]徐嘉烨,项占琴.模块化思想在嵌入式系统设计中的应用[J].机电工程,2007.24(5):37-39.
[53]Xu Yanshen,Xu Qianli,Chen Yongliang,etc.Reseach on the generalized modular design ethod with flexible modules of product structures[J].机械工程学报(英文版),2004.17(4):477-480.
[2]朱光文.我国海洋监测技术研究和开发的现状利未来发展[J].海洋技术,2002.21(2):27-32.
[3]National dat a buoy center,http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/[OL]
[4]Tricia Fu,DanielDoonan,Chris Utley,etc.Design and Development of a Software-Defined Underwater Acoustic Modem for Sensor Networks for Environmental and Ecological Research[J],In proc.MTS/IEEE Oceans,September,2006.
[5]蔡树群,张文静,王盛安.海洋环境观测技术研究进展[J].热带海洋学报,2007(3):76-81.
[6]姚勇.海洋监测高新技术领域的标准研究[D].南开大学硕士学位论文,2004:7-17
[7]Chang,G.,Dickey,T.,M.Lewis.Toward a global ocean system for measurements of optical properties using remote sensing and in situ observations[J].Remote Sensing of the Marine Environment,2006,(6):285-326.
[8]Frye,D.,L.Freitag,R.Detrick,J.Collins,etc.An acoustically linked moored-buoy ocean observatory[J].EOS,2006,87(22):213-218.
[9]许丽娜,王孝强.我国海洋环境监测工作现状及发展对策[J].海洋环境科学.2003,22(1):65-66.
[10]康寿岭.海洋环境立体自动监测系统[J].海洋技术.2001,20(1):1-21.
[11]孙汝鹏.基于嵌入式技术的海洋环境在线监测系统的设计与实现[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2006:1-3.
[12]李林奇.小型多参数海洋环境监测浮标弹性系留系统技术研究[D].中国海洋大学硕士学位论文,2006:1-3.
[13]熊焰.极区海洋环境自动监测浮标总体设计技术[J].海洋技术,2005(1):14-18.
[14]#12
[15]何立民.从Cygnal C8051F看8位单片机发展之路[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2002(5):5-8.
[16]Microchip推出新型低引脚数PIC单片机[J].电子元器件应用,2006,8(6):141.
[17]罗晓珍.MSP430系列单片机开创低功耗应用新时代[J].机械管理开发,2007,4(2):92-96.
[18]刘志勇.海洋环境监测数据卫星通信系统技术研究与设计[J].海洋技术,2003,22(1):58-62.
[19]林子杰.铱星系统(Iridium)与Inmarsat系统的比较[J].航海技术,1999(3):37-38.
[20]张少永,林玉池,熊焰.Argos卫星发射平台研究与Argos通讯系统应用[J].海洋技术,2005,24(1):25-28.
[21]白春霞.低轨道卫星移动通信系统的发展及其应用[J].电信科学,1994,10(9):52-56.
[22]Gary M.Comparetto,A Technical Comparison of Several Global Mobile Satellite Communications Systems[J].Space Communications,1993,11(2):97-104.
[23]P Brunt,IRIDIUM(?)- Overview and Status[J].Space Communications,1996,14(2):61-68.
[24]黄磊.NEMO的卫星星座通信网络研究与仿真[D].国防科学技术大学,2006:7-17.
[25]Carl E.Fossa,Richard A.Raines,Gregg H.Gunsch,etc.A Performance Analysis of the IRIDIUM(?) Low Earth Orbit Satellite System with a Degraded Satellite Constellation[J].Mobile Computing and Communications Review,1998,2(4):54-61.
[26]李明远.基于低轨卫星网络的OSPF路由技术研究[D].南京邮电学院,2005:11-12.
[27]Peter W.Lemme,Simon M.Gienister.IRIDIUM@ AERONAUTICAL SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS[J].Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine,IEEE.1999,14(11):11-16.
[28]Iridium Satellite Data Services White Paper Version 1.0,http://www.Iridium.com/[EB/OL],June,2003.
[29]Iridium Satellite LLC.Mobile Teminated Data User's Guide Rev 4[R],2003(1).
[30]9522A L-Band Transceiver Product Information Guide,Revision 1.01.http://www.Iridium.com/[EB/OL]
[31]ISU AT Command Reference Version 2.6[R],March 30,2006.
[32]胡国瓒.电信机房电源远程监控管理系统开发研究[D].武汉理工大学,2007:11-31.
[33]纂卢波.嵌入式技术在海洋检测系统中的应用研究[D].青岛海洋大学,2002.
[34]张冬宁,郑崇苏.实时操作系统下单片机嵌入TCP/IP的研究[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(2):224-228.
[35]Adam Dunkels.The uIP TCP/IP Stack for Embedded Microcontrollers.http://dunkels.com/adam/uIP/[EB/OL],June 12,2006.
[36]Viado Handziski,Joseph Polastre,JanHinrich Hauer,etc.Flexible Hardware Abstraction of the TI MSP430 Microcontroller in TinyOS[C].The second international confence on Embedded networked sensor systems,November 2004.
[37]J.Heidemann,W.Ye,J.Wills,etc.Research Challenges and Applications for Underwater Sensor Networking[C].In Submitted to Proc.IEEE Wireless Comm.and Networking Conf.,Apr.2006.
[38]王力生,梅岩,曹南洋.轻量级嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈的设计[J].计算机工程,2007,33(2):246-248.
[39]余先涛,张俊峰,莫易敏.嵌入式TCP/IP协议在网络通信中的应用[J].武汉理工大学学报,2004,26(3):18-20.
[40]钱峰.基于嵌入式系统的网络技术研究[D].大连海事大学,2007.
[41]A.Ben-Artzi,A.Chandna,U.Warrier.Network management of TCP/IP networks:present and future[J].IEEE Network Magzine,1990,4(4):35 -43.
[42]徐功文,陈曙,王增廷.TCP_IP协议栈在MSP430单片机上的实现[J].数据采集与嵌入式系统,2005(3):86-89.
[43]魏小龙.MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例[M].北京:北京航空航夫大学出版社.2002.
[44]Texas Instrument INC,MSP430x1xx Family User's Guide[R].2006.
[45]Texas Instrument INC.MSP430x13x,MSP430x14x,MSP430x141x MIXED SIGNAL M1XCONTROLLER[R].Revised June 2004.
[46]Texas Instruments INC.Programming a FLASH Based MSP430 Using JTAG Interface[R].2005.
[47]Texas Instrument INC.MSP-FET430 FLASH Emulation Tool(FET)User's Guide[R].2003.
[48]RD Instrments INC.WorkHorse Monitor ADCP User's Guide[R].2002.
[49]刘基余.GPS卫星测量技术在海洋开发中的应用展望[J].海洋技术,2000.19(4):35-39.
[50]GARMIN International,Inc.GPS 15H & 15L Technical specification[R].2002.
[51]Texas Instruments INC.MAX3223 3-V TO 5.5-V Multichannel RS-232 line driver/receirver with ±15V-kV ESD Protection[R].Revised March 2004.
[52]徐嘉烨,项占琴.模块化思想在嵌入式系统设计中的应用[J].机电工程,2007.24(5):37-39.
[53]Xu Yanshen,Xu Qianli,Chen Yongliang,etc.Reseach on the generalized modular design ethod with flexible modules of product structures[J].机械工程学报(英文版),2004.17(4):477-480.