超浅埋大跨度连拱隧道围岩受力分析及工程应用研究
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摘要
连拱隧道是隧道的重要结构形式,与分离式隧道相比,由于其线形流畅,占地面积少,空间利用率高,避免了洞口路基或大桥分幅,与洞外线路连接方便；同时在适应地形条件、环境保护以及工程数量上都具有优越性,近些年连拱隧道伴随着我国经济的快速发展,得到了前所未有的发展,同时出现了许多问题。青临高速公路长城岭隧道是双向六车道连拱隧道,最大埋深不足5米,最大跨度为17米,处于超浅埋大跨度连拱隧道。同时地表存在有2000多年历史的齐长城遗址,这对工程的施工提出了更高的要求,目前关于此类隧道的研究还比较少,没有值得可以借鉴的经验,为了使工程顺利进行,同时确保国家文化遗址的安全,本文以长城岭隧道作为工程背景,针对超浅埋大跨度连拱隧道的围岩受力分析展开了研究,在理论分析的基础上,通过研制相似材料和三维地质力学模型试验平台,进行地质力学模型试验,并结合数值模拟计算,结合现场监测,主要做了如下工作：
(1)由于特殊的工程工况,涉及到重要的历史文化遗址保护,对地表沉降提出了极为严格的要求,因此按照目前的城市地下工程地表沉降标准以及国家相关文物保护规定,制定了地表沉降标准控制值。
(2)在综合分析浅埋隧道破坏模式的基础上,基于hoek-brown非线性破坏准则,利用极限塑性分析,根据浅埋隧道围岩塌落破坏模式,计算了长城岭隧道的塌落破坏形状图。
(3)根据相似定理,研制了模型相似材料和超浅埋大跨度连拱隧道地质模型平台,基于施工方案优选的进行了大比例尺重力作用下的三维地质力学模型试验,利用多种监测手段,综合分析了CRD1,CRD2和CD三种施工方案下的塑性区分布,围岩压力,水平收敛和拱顶沉降以及地面沉降等数据,得出CRD1和CRD2两种开挖方法对围岩影响没有很大的差别,而且两种施工方法下地表沉降数值低于30mm,可以作为施工方案进行。与CRD1和CRD2两种开挖方案相比,CD法开挖对围岩的影响要大的多,说明临时水平支撑在超浅埋大跨度隧道中起到的作用是至关重要的。相对于理论计算的隧道塌落面形状,采取CRD1和CRD2两种开挖方法得到的塌落面形状范围要更大一些,说明围岩受施工因素影响,破坏范围会增加。
(4)针对超浅埋大跨度连拱隧道中隔墙上覆围岩特殊的结构转换和受力模式,展开中隔墙上覆围岩破坏模式和机理的地质力学模型试验,并利用udec进行模拟,全面揭示中隔墙上覆围岩破坏机理,并提出施工措施。
(5)在理论分析和地质力学以及数值模拟结果分析基础上,基于改善围岩岩性和增强预支护力,选择了地表注浆和大管棚作为辅助施工手段,并进行现场试验研究。现场监测结果表明,拱顶沉降和水平收敛相比于模型试验结果要小很多,地表沉降最大值控制在30mm以内,说明辅助施工措施有效改善了围岩,减少了围岩的松动范围,进而说明了辅助措施选择的合理性。现场监测研究中,结合现场施工过程中出现的地表横向裂缝,发现地层的水平位移控制亦是关键因素,并针对现场出现的地层水平位移问题,制定了有效的治理措施。
(6)通过电阻率试验可以得出,中隔墙上方约5m范围内围岩破裂程度较为严重,大洞拱顶约2.8m范围内围岩破裂程度较为严重,反映出中隔墙上方区域受开挖扰动影响应力状态调整频繁,围岩破坏严重。
Double-arch tunnel is an important structure tunnel, compared with the separated tunnel, because of its shape and smooth, small occupation area, high space utilization rate, to avoid the entrance road or bridge framing, convenient connection with outside line; at the same time to adapt to the terrain conditions, the number of environmental protection and engineering has the superiority, in recent years Double-arch tunnel, along with China's rapid economic development, has been hitherto unknown development, also appeared a lot of new challenges and problems. The Great Wall green near the highway tunnel is a two-way six lane double-arch tunnel, the maximum depth of less than5meters, the maximum span of17meters, is the super shallow buried large span Double-arch tunnel. At the same time, the surface has a history of over2000years the ruins of the Great Wall, which puts forward higher requirements for the project construction, and the current research on this kind of tunnel is very small, there is no experience, in order to make the project proceed smoothly, while ensuring that the national cultural safety of the site, the the Great Wall tunnel as the engineering background, based on the analysis of surrounding rock of shallow buried large span Double-arch tunnel, on the basis of theoretical analysis, through the development of similar test platform for materials and3-D geological model, geological mechanical model test, combined with field monitoring, the main contents are as follows:
(1) Because of the special engineering condition, relates to the historical and cultural relics protection important, put forward very strict requirements on ground surface settlement, so according to the city underground engineering surface current settlement standards and relevant state regulations for the protection of cultural relics, the ground surface settlement control standard of value.
(2) Based on the failure mode of shallow tunnel on the comprehensive analysis, based on the Hoek-Brown nonlinear failure criterion, the limit of plastic analysis, establishment of shallow tunnel surrounding rock collapse and failure mode, and the the Great Wall tunnel collapse failure shape diagram calculation.
(3) According to the similarity theorem, development of the similar material model, the super shallow buried large span Double-arch tunnel geological model of platform, the establishment of three-dimensional geomechanical model test of large scale under the action of gravity, with a variety of monitoring means, a comprehensive analysis of the CRD1, plastic zone distribution of three kinds of construction schemes for CRD2and CD, distribution of pressure of surrounding rock, and the ground settlement data of horizontal convergence and vault settlement, the effect of CRD1and CRD2two excavation methods on the surrounding rock is no great difference, and the surface of two kinds of construction methods of settlement value lower than30mm, can be used as construction scheme. Compared with CRD1and CRD2two kinds of excavation scheme, to a large number of CD the influence of excavation on surrounding rock, that temporary horizontal support to play in the super shallow buried large span tunnel's role is critical. Compared with the theoretical calculation of the tunnel collapse surface shape, get take CRD1and CRD2two kinds of excavation methods in surface shape scope bigger, illustrates the influence of surrounding rock affected by construction factors, damage range will increase.
(4) For super shallow large-span tunnel wall overlying rock special structure and force, mode of the arched, expansion of geomechanical model test failure mode and mechanism of the overlying rock in the partition, and simulated by using UDEC, fully reveal the partition wall overlying surrounding rock failure mechanism, and put forward the construction measures.
(5) The comprehensive theoretical analysis and experimental study, improve the surrounding rock and supporting force chose surface grouting and shed as auxiliary construction method based on enhanced advance, through field tests, field monitoring results indicate that, compared with the crown settlement and horizontal convergence on model test to become much smaller, the maximum surface subsidence control in30mm within that auxiliary construction measures, improve the surrounding rock, reduce the loose range of surrounding rock, and then illustrates the rationality of the auxiliary measures. Study site monitoring, surface transverse cracks with the site construction process, found that horizontal displacement control formation is also a key factor, and the horizontal displacement problems occurring in the field, formulate effective measures.
(6) The electrical resistivity testing can be drawn, the Great Wall mountain tunnel engineering itself, partition wall approx.5m above the range of rock burst is serious, large vault of about2.8m range of rock burst is serious, which come with the numerical range of the plastic zone is basically a induced by resistivity testing can also reflect; out of the wall above the region affected by the excavation disturbance effect of stress state of frequent regulation, surrounding rock failure.
(1)由于特殊的工程工况,涉及到重要的历史文化遗址保护,对地表沉降提出了极为严格的要求,因此按照目前的城市地下工程地表沉降标准以及国家相关文物保护规定,制定了地表沉降标准控制值。
(2)在综合分析浅埋隧道破坏模式的基础上,基于hoek-brown非线性破坏准则,利用极限塑性分析,根据浅埋隧道围岩塌落破坏模式,计算了长城岭隧道的塌落破坏形状图。
(3)根据相似定理,研制了模型相似材料和超浅埋大跨度连拱隧道地质模型平台,基于施工方案优选的进行了大比例尺重力作用下的三维地质力学模型试验,利用多种监测手段,综合分析了CRD1,CRD2和CD三种施工方案下的塑性区分布,围岩压力,水平收敛和拱顶沉降以及地面沉降等数据,得出CRD1和CRD2两种开挖方法对围岩影响没有很大的差别,而且两种施工方法下地表沉降数值低于30mm,可以作为施工方案进行。与CRD1和CRD2两种开挖方案相比,CD法开挖对围岩的影响要大的多,说明临时水平支撑在超浅埋大跨度隧道中起到的作用是至关重要的。相对于理论计算的隧道塌落面形状,采取CRD1和CRD2两种开挖方法得到的塌落面形状范围要更大一些,说明围岩受施工因素影响,破坏范围会增加。
(4)针对超浅埋大跨度连拱隧道中隔墙上覆围岩特殊的结构转换和受力模式,展开中隔墙上覆围岩破坏模式和机理的地质力学模型试验,并利用udec进行模拟,全面揭示中隔墙上覆围岩破坏机理,并提出施工措施。
(5)在理论分析和地质力学以及数值模拟结果分析基础上,基于改善围岩岩性和增强预支护力,选择了地表注浆和大管棚作为辅助施工手段,并进行现场试验研究。现场监测结果表明,拱顶沉降和水平收敛相比于模型试验结果要小很多,地表沉降最大值控制在30mm以内,说明辅助施工措施有效改善了围岩,减少了围岩的松动范围,进而说明了辅助措施选择的合理性。现场监测研究中,结合现场施工过程中出现的地表横向裂缝,发现地层的水平位移控制亦是关键因素,并针对现场出现的地层水平位移问题,制定了有效的治理措施。
(6)通过电阻率试验可以得出,中隔墙上方约5m范围内围岩破裂程度较为严重,大洞拱顶约2.8m范围内围岩破裂程度较为严重,反映出中隔墙上方区域受开挖扰动影响应力状态调整频繁,围岩破坏严重。
Double-arch tunnel is an important structure tunnel, compared with the separated tunnel, because of its shape and smooth, small occupation area, high space utilization rate, to avoid the entrance road or bridge framing, convenient connection with outside line; at the same time to adapt to the terrain conditions, the number of environmental protection and engineering has the superiority, in recent years Double-arch tunnel, along with China's rapid economic development, has been hitherto unknown development, also appeared a lot of new challenges and problems. The Great Wall green near the highway tunnel is a two-way six lane double-arch tunnel, the maximum depth of less than5meters, the maximum span of17meters, is the super shallow buried large span Double-arch tunnel. At the same time, the surface has a history of over2000years the ruins of the Great Wall, which puts forward higher requirements for the project construction, and the current research on this kind of tunnel is very small, there is no experience, in order to make the project proceed smoothly, while ensuring that the national cultural safety of the site, the the Great Wall tunnel as the engineering background, based on the analysis of surrounding rock of shallow buried large span Double-arch tunnel, on the basis of theoretical analysis, through the development of similar test platform for materials and3-D geological model, geological mechanical model test, combined with field monitoring, the main contents are as follows:
(1) Because of the special engineering condition, relates to the historical and cultural relics protection important, put forward very strict requirements on ground surface settlement, so according to the city underground engineering surface current settlement standards and relevant state regulations for the protection of cultural relics, the ground surface settlement control standard of value.
(2) Based on the failure mode of shallow tunnel on the comprehensive analysis, based on the Hoek-Brown nonlinear failure criterion, the limit of plastic analysis, establishment of shallow tunnel surrounding rock collapse and failure mode, and the the Great Wall tunnel collapse failure shape diagram calculation.
(3) According to the similarity theorem, development of the similar material model, the super shallow buried large span Double-arch tunnel geological model of platform, the establishment of three-dimensional geomechanical model test of large scale under the action of gravity, with a variety of monitoring means, a comprehensive analysis of the CRD1, plastic zone distribution of three kinds of construction schemes for CRD2and CD, distribution of pressure of surrounding rock, and the ground settlement data of horizontal convergence and vault settlement, the effect of CRD1and CRD2two excavation methods on the surrounding rock is no great difference, and the surface of two kinds of construction methods of settlement value lower than30mm, can be used as construction scheme. Compared with CRD1and CRD2two kinds of excavation scheme, to a large number of CD the influence of excavation on surrounding rock, that temporary horizontal support to play in the super shallow buried large span tunnel's role is critical. Compared with the theoretical calculation of the tunnel collapse surface shape, get take CRD1and CRD2two kinds of excavation methods in surface shape scope bigger, illustrates the influence of surrounding rock affected by construction factors, damage range will increase.
(4) For super shallow large-span tunnel wall overlying rock special structure and force, mode of the arched, expansion of geomechanical model test failure mode and mechanism of the overlying rock in the partition, and simulated by using UDEC, fully reveal the partition wall overlying surrounding rock failure mechanism, and put forward the construction measures.
(5) The comprehensive theoretical analysis and experimental study, improve the surrounding rock and supporting force chose surface grouting and shed as auxiliary construction method based on enhanced advance, through field tests, field monitoring results indicate that, compared with the crown settlement and horizontal convergence on model test to become much smaller, the maximum surface subsidence control in30mm within that auxiliary construction measures, improve the surrounding rock, reduce the loose range of surrounding rock, and then illustrates the rationality of the auxiliary measures. Study site monitoring, surface transverse cracks with the site construction process, found that horizontal displacement control formation is also a key factor, and the horizontal displacement problems occurring in the field, formulate effective measures.
(6) The electrical resistivity testing can be drawn, the Great Wall mountain tunnel engineering itself, partition wall approx.5m above the range of rock burst is serious, large vault of about2.8m range of rock burst is serious, which come with the numerical range of the plastic zone is basically a induced by resistivity testing can also reflect; out of the wall above the region affected by the excavation disturbance effect of stress state of frequent regulation, surrounding rock failure.
引文
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