《劳动合同法》实施后企业人力资源管理的相关问题与对策研究
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摘要
2008年1月1日《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》的颁布实施,标志着我国劳动合同制度正式纳入了依法规范、依法调整的法制轨道。它在完善劳动合同法制度,保护劳动者合法权益,构建和发展和谐稳定的劳动关系上有新的内容和要求。它加大了对劳动者保护力度,改善、改变了劳动者的弱势地位,同时也给企业现有的人力资源管理方式带来了很大冲击,使企业在劳动关系管理上,承担更多的社会责任,并面临更多的人力资源管理风险。
人力资源管理,作为组织管理的重要构成部分,首先必须建立在员工和企业平等关系的基础上(也就是劳动关系)。这种平等关系的建立,在很大程度上依赖于法律的制约和调节作用。因此如何有效运用《劳动法》和《劳动合同法》来优化员工管理,推动人力资源管理更加科学化和合法化,是人力资源管理的必要基础和前提条件。
本研究以《劳动合同法》实施后企业人力资源管理为研究课题,对《劳动合同法》实施以来企业人力资源管理实践中所遇到的实际问题和挑战及相应对策进行探讨,选题对进一步规范企业人力资源管理,提高企业综合竞争力,实现人力资源管理法制化,促进企业和员工共同发展,具有重要的实践指导意义。
本论文由六章组成,论文的第一章介绍了选题的背景、意义、目的、研究路径；第二章对劳动关系理论的渊源、主要流派进行了回顾,并对近年来国内专家学者对《劳动合同法》的研究文献进行了总结,又对劳动关系和人力资源管理的关系作了较为全面的说明；第三章通过对企业员工的深度访谈和对企业人力资源管理部门的调查问卷,从企业和员工两个角度分析《劳动合同法》实施带来的影响以及人力资源管理部门应对过程中出现的问题；第四章从三个方面总结了调查中反应的主要问题；第五章针对前一章的问题从建立健全规章制度、有效控制违法成本、灵活选择合同期限三个方面提出对策。第六章为结论,对全文进行总结,并提出研究中仍存在的不足。
希望通过本文的研究,能够为企业有效运用《劳动合同法》促进和提升企业人力资源管理水平上提供一些有益的参考。
"Law of the People's Republic of China on Employment Contracts " was officially issued and implemented on January 1,2008, indicating the labor contract system in China has been entered into the legal specification and adjustment system. There are some new contents and requirements of the law on perfecting labor contract law system, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of workers, building and developing harmonious and stable labor relations. It has not only increased the labor protection, improved, changed the weak position of workers, but also brought a great impact to the company's existing human resource management, so that enterprises should bear more social responsibility and face greater risk of personnel.
Human resources management, as an important component of organization and administration, first of all, must be based on an equal relationship between employees and enterprises (that is, labor relations). The establishment of the equal relationship, to a large extent, depending on the legal constraints and regulation. Therefore, how to effective use labor law and labor contract law to optimize staff management, establish more scientific and legitimate human resources management system is the foundation and precondition of human resource management.
The research subject is enterprise human resource management after implement "Labor Contract Law", discussing encountered practical problem and challenges and corresponding countermeasures of human resource management practices since the implementation of "Labor Contract Law". This topic has important practical significance on further standardizing enterprise human resources management, improving competitiveness of enterprises, realizing human resource management legalization and promoting the common development of enterprises and employees. This paper is composed of six chapters. Chapter 1 introduced the research background, significance, purposes and methods. Chapter2 reviewed theory origin and main schools of law relations, summarized research literature of the "Labor Contract Law" from domestic experts and scholars in recent years, comprehensive described the relations between law relations and human resources management. Chapter 3 analyzed influence after implementing "Labor Contract Law" and the existing problems during the responding process of human resources management department, both from enterprise and employee view via in-depth interview and questionnaire. Chapter 4 summarized the main problems from four facets for the survey responses. Chapter 5 put forward 3 countermeasures against the problems existed in chapter 4, that was, Establish perfect rules and regulations, Effective control illegal cost, Application open-ended employment contracts. Chapter 6 concluded the whole text and proposed the existing deficiencies.
Through this study, hope could provide some useful references for enterprises to promote and enhance the level of human resource management via using Labor Contract Law.
人力资源管理,作为组织管理的重要构成部分,首先必须建立在员工和企业平等关系的基础上(也就是劳动关系)。这种平等关系的建立,在很大程度上依赖于法律的制约和调节作用。因此如何有效运用《劳动法》和《劳动合同法》来优化员工管理,推动人力资源管理更加科学化和合法化,是人力资源管理的必要基础和前提条件。
本研究以《劳动合同法》实施后企业人力资源管理为研究课题,对《劳动合同法》实施以来企业人力资源管理实践中所遇到的实际问题和挑战及相应对策进行探讨,选题对进一步规范企业人力资源管理,提高企业综合竞争力,实现人力资源管理法制化,促进企业和员工共同发展,具有重要的实践指导意义。
本论文由六章组成,论文的第一章介绍了选题的背景、意义、目的、研究路径；第二章对劳动关系理论的渊源、主要流派进行了回顾,并对近年来国内专家学者对《劳动合同法》的研究文献进行了总结,又对劳动关系和人力资源管理的关系作了较为全面的说明；第三章通过对企业员工的深度访谈和对企业人力资源管理部门的调查问卷,从企业和员工两个角度分析《劳动合同法》实施带来的影响以及人力资源管理部门应对过程中出现的问题；第四章从三个方面总结了调查中反应的主要问题；第五章针对前一章的问题从建立健全规章制度、有效控制违法成本、灵活选择合同期限三个方面提出对策。第六章为结论,对全文进行总结,并提出研究中仍存在的不足。
希望通过本文的研究,能够为企业有效运用《劳动合同法》促进和提升企业人力资源管理水平上提供一些有益的参考。
"Law of the People's Republic of China on Employment Contracts " was officially issued and implemented on January 1,2008, indicating the labor contract system in China has been entered into the legal specification and adjustment system. There are some new contents and requirements of the law on perfecting labor contract law system, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of workers, building and developing harmonious and stable labor relations. It has not only increased the labor protection, improved, changed the weak position of workers, but also brought a great impact to the company's existing human resource management, so that enterprises should bear more social responsibility and face greater risk of personnel.
Human resources management, as an important component of organization and administration, first of all, must be based on an equal relationship between employees and enterprises (that is, labor relations). The establishment of the equal relationship, to a large extent, depending on the legal constraints and regulation. Therefore, how to effective use labor law and labor contract law to optimize staff management, establish more scientific and legitimate human resources management system is the foundation and precondition of human resource management.
The research subject is enterprise human resource management after implement "Labor Contract Law", discussing encountered practical problem and challenges and corresponding countermeasures of human resource management practices since the implementation of "Labor Contract Law". This topic has important practical significance on further standardizing enterprise human resources management, improving competitiveness of enterprises, realizing human resource management legalization and promoting the common development of enterprises and employees. This paper is composed of six chapters. Chapter 1 introduced the research background, significance, purposes and methods. Chapter2 reviewed theory origin and main schools of law relations, summarized research literature of the "Labor Contract Law" from domestic experts and scholars in recent years, comprehensive described the relations between law relations and human resources management. Chapter 3 analyzed influence after implementing "Labor Contract Law" and the existing problems during the responding process of human resources management department, both from enterprise and employee view via in-depth interview and questionnaire. Chapter 4 summarized the main problems from four facets for the survey responses. Chapter 5 put forward 3 countermeasures against the problems existed in chapter 4, that was, Establish perfect rules and regulations, Effective control illegal cost, Application open-ended employment contracts. Chapter 6 concluded the whole text and proposed the existing deficiencies.
Through this study, hope could provide some useful references for enterprises to promote and enhance the level of human resource management via using Labor Contract Law.
引文
1. 《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》,自2008年1月1日起施行。
2. 《中华人民共和国劳动法》,自1995年1月1日起施行。
3.[英]亚当·斯密,国民财富的性质和原因的研究(上卷),郭大力、王亚南译,商务印书馆,1974。
4.[英]大卫·李嘉图,政治经济学及赋税原理,周洁译,华夏出版社,2005
5.[德]卡尔·马克思,资本论(第一卷),人民出版社,1975。
6.[英]韦伯夫妇,英国工会运动史,陈建民译,商务印书馆,1959。
7. [美]C.A.摩尔根,劳动经济学,杨炳章等译,中国工人出版社,1984。
8. [法]H.法约尔,工业管理与一般管理,周华安译,中国社会科学出版社,1998。
9.[美]威廉·大内,Z理论—美国企业界怎样迎接日本的挑战,朱雁斌译,中国社会科学出版社,1989。
10.[美]彼得·圣吉,第五项修炼——学习型组织的艺术与实务,郭进隆译,上海三联书店,1998。
11.张烨,新劳动合同法对企业社会责任履行的影响研究,上海交通大学,2008。
12.常凯,和谐劳动关系是和谐社会的基础,中国经济周刊,2007。
13.曹燕,劳动合同制度的政策基础与功能冲突,政法论丛,2007。
14.姜颖,劳动合同法对现行劳动法的修改及对我国劳动关系的影响,中国劳动关系学院院报,2008。
15.庆铃,《劳动合同法》与《劳动法》制度变化解读,四川行政学院学报,2007。
16.孙力,无固定期限的劳动合同分析,理论导报,2008。
17.杜新年,劳动合同法侧重保护劳动者利益与劳动法比较,武汉科技学院学报,2006。
18.吴思嫣,劳动合同法对企业用人机制的影响及应对,中国人力资源开发,2006。
19.方妙英,《劳动合同法》对HRM带来的三大风险及对策,商场现代化,2007。
20.张子良,《劳动合同法》与现代契约精神,2007。
21.常凯,陶文忠,人力资源管理与劳动关系调整,中国人力资源开发,2006。
22.刘戈,《劳动合同法》雇主品牌建设的新契机,中外管理,2007。
23.陈莉云,《劳动合同法》对企业的影响及其应对,中共南昌市委党校学报,2008。
24.王宇,激励理论在人力资源管理中的人性化作用,科技咨询导报,2007。
25.杨莉莉,浅谈新劳动合同法对构建和谐社会的促进作用,现代经济,2008。
26.李家绮,综合运用激励理论充分调动企业员工的积极性,达州经济,2007。
27.杨方方,新《劳动合同法》下企业人力资源管理理念的转变,经济管理,2007。
28.史浩然,新劳动合同法的经济学分析,法制与社会,2008。
29.马建中,劳有所得构建和谐的劳动关系,经济师,2008。
30.马建霞,论国际劳工标准与我国劳动法的完善,2008。
31.杨鹏飞,《劳动合同法》与企业发展,上海企业,2007。
32.陈文彬,广州市《劳动合同法》实施情况调查及分析,科技资讯,2009。
33.钟洁贞,有关《劳动合同法》的实施调查及加强执法的建议,金卡工程,2009。
34.张绍平,《劳动合同法》背景下的企业人力资源管理,北京工商大学学报,2009。
35.何勤,《劳动合同法》实施后企业用工成本的增量分析与应对措施,中国劳动关系学院学报,2009。
36.刘贯学,新中国劳动保障史话(1949—2003),劳动社会保障出版社,2004。
37.翟继满,劳动合同法再入门：人力资源管理挑战、误区、对策,中国法制出版社,2008。
38.肖胜方,劳动合同法及实施条例下的人力资源管理流程再造,中国法制出版社,2008。
39.冯同庆,劳动关系理论,中国劳动社会保障出版社,2009。
40.常凯,劳权保障与劳资双赢——《劳动合同法》论,中国劳动社会保障出版社,2009。
41.刘新,新劳动合同法的变化分析及其对员工激励的影响研究,2009
42. Bruce E. Kaufman,1997, Labor Markets and Employment Regulation:The View of the "Old" Institutionalist, in Bruce E. Kaufman Government Regulation of the Employment Relationship。
43. Clark Kerr,1955, Industrial Relations and Liberal Pluralist, proceedings of the seventh annual meeting, Industrial Relations Research Association。
44. W. E. Moore,1946, Industrial Relations and the Social Order, Macmillan。
45. B. M. Selekman,1947, Labor Relations and Human Relations, McGraw-hill。
46. S. H. Slichter,1947, The Challenge of Industrial Relations, Cornell U.P。
47. H. Braverman,1974, Labour and Monopoly Capital, New York:Monthly Review Press。
48. A. L. Friedman,1977, Industry and Labour, The Macmillan Press Ltd。
49. R. Edwards,1979, Contested Terrain:The Transformation of the Workplace in the Twentieth Century, Basic Books。
50. M. Burawoy,1979, Manufacturing Consent:Changes in the Labor Process Under Monopoly Capitalism, University of Chicago Press。
2. 《中华人民共和国劳动法》,自1995年1月1日起施行。
3.[英]亚当·斯密,国民财富的性质和原因的研究(上卷),郭大力、王亚南译,商务印书馆,1974。
4.[英]大卫·李嘉图,政治经济学及赋税原理,周洁译,华夏出版社,2005
5.[德]卡尔·马克思,资本论(第一卷),人民出版社,1975。
6.[英]韦伯夫妇,英国工会运动史,陈建民译,商务印书馆,1959。
7. [美]C.A.摩尔根,劳动经济学,杨炳章等译,中国工人出版社,1984。
8. [法]H.法约尔,工业管理与一般管理,周华安译,中国社会科学出版社,1998。
9.[美]威廉·大内,Z理论—美国企业界怎样迎接日本的挑战,朱雁斌译,中国社会科学出版社,1989。
10.[美]彼得·圣吉,第五项修炼——学习型组织的艺术与实务,郭进隆译,上海三联书店,1998。
11.张烨,新劳动合同法对企业社会责任履行的影响研究,上海交通大学,2008。
12.常凯,和谐劳动关系是和谐社会的基础,中国经济周刊,2007。
13.曹燕,劳动合同制度的政策基础与功能冲突,政法论丛,2007。
14.姜颖,劳动合同法对现行劳动法的修改及对我国劳动关系的影响,中国劳动关系学院院报,2008。
15.庆铃,《劳动合同法》与《劳动法》制度变化解读,四川行政学院学报,2007。
16.孙力,无固定期限的劳动合同分析,理论导报,2008。
17.杜新年,劳动合同法侧重保护劳动者利益与劳动法比较,武汉科技学院学报,2006。
18.吴思嫣,劳动合同法对企业用人机制的影响及应对,中国人力资源开发,2006。
19.方妙英,《劳动合同法》对HRM带来的三大风险及对策,商场现代化,2007。
20.张子良,《劳动合同法》与现代契约精神,2007。
21.常凯,陶文忠,人力资源管理与劳动关系调整,中国人力资源开发,2006。
22.刘戈,《劳动合同法》雇主品牌建设的新契机,中外管理,2007。
23.陈莉云,《劳动合同法》对企业的影响及其应对,中共南昌市委党校学报,2008。
24.王宇,激励理论在人力资源管理中的人性化作用,科技咨询导报,2007。
25.杨莉莉,浅谈新劳动合同法对构建和谐社会的促进作用,现代经济,2008。
26.李家绮,综合运用激励理论充分调动企业员工的积极性,达州经济,2007。
27.杨方方,新《劳动合同法》下企业人力资源管理理念的转变,经济管理,2007。
28.史浩然,新劳动合同法的经济学分析,法制与社会,2008。
29.马建中,劳有所得构建和谐的劳动关系,经济师,2008。
30.马建霞,论国际劳工标准与我国劳动法的完善,2008。
31.杨鹏飞,《劳动合同法》与企业发展,上海企业,2007。
32.陈文彬,广州市《劳动合同法》实施情况调查及分析,科技资讯,2009。
33.钟洁贞,有关《劳动合同法》的实施调查及加强执法的建议,金卡工程,2009。
34.张绍平,《劳动合同法》背景下的企业人力资源管理,北京工商大学学报,2009。
35.何勤,《劳动合同法》实施后企业用工成本的增量分析与应对措施,中国劳动关系学院学报,2009。
36.刘贯学,新中国劳动保障史话(1949—2003),劳动社会保障出版社,2004。
37.翟继满,劳动合同法再入门：人力资源管理挑战、误区、对策,中国法制出版社,2008。
38.肖胜方,劳动合同法及实施条例下的人力资源管理流程再造,中国法制出版社,2008。
39.冯同庆,劳动关系理论,中国劳动社会保障出版社,2009。
40.常凯,劳权保障与劳资双赢——《劳动合同法》论,中国劳动社会保障出版社,2009。
41.刘新,新劳动合同法的变化分析及其对员工激励的影响研究,2009
42. Bruce E. Kaufman,1997, Labor Markets and Employment Regulation:The View of the "Old" Institutionalist, in Bruce E. Kaufman Government Regulation of the Employment Relationship。
43. Clark Kerr,1955, Industrial Relations and Liberal Pluralist, proceedings of the seventh annual meeting, Industrial Relations Research Association。
44. W. E. Moore,1946, Industrial Relations and the Social Order, Macmillan。
45. B. M. Selekman,1947, Labor Relations and Human Relations, McGraw-hill。
46. S. H. Slichter,1947, The Challenge of Industrial Relations, Cornell U.P。
47. H. Braverman,1974, Labour and Monopoly Capital, New York:Monthly Review Press。
48. A. L. Friedman,1977, Industry and Labour, The Macmillan Press Ltd。
49. R. Edwards,1979, Contested Terrain:The Transformation of the Workplace in the Twentieth Century, Basic Books。
50. M. Burawoy,1979, Manufacturing Consent:Changes in the Labor Process Under Monopoly Capitalism, University of Chicago Press。