插层聚合制备有机/无机杂化材料及其性能研究
摘要
本论文包括三部分：
第一章 插层聚合制备有机/无机杂化材料的研究进展（综述）
本章综述了插层聚合方法的历史，插层材料的种类及其主要材料——膨润土的结构以及插层剂的选择。详细阐述了插层方法及动力来源，聚合物/蒙脱石复合材料的类型和表征。总结了插层材料的优异性能，并对其未来发展给予展望。
第二章 插层聚合制备有机/无机杂化吸水材料及其性能研究
本章包括三小节。
第一节 溶液插层聚合制备聚丙烯酸盐/膨润土杂化吸水材料及其性能研究
由膨润土很容易分散于水中的特性，首次利用水溶液插层聚合法制备了蔗糖、尿素交联的聚丙烯酸盐/膨润土杂化吸水材料。利用正交设计优化了反应条件，降低了材料成本近30%。并利用红外(FT-IR)、X—射线衍射(XRD)对产品进行了表征，结果证明此材料为嵌入型插层复合物。其自来水的吸收率为110~120g/g，对生理盐水的吸收率为30~36g/g。
第二节 溶液插层共聚制备聚丙烯酸盐/丙烯酰胺/膨润土杂化吸水材料及其性能研究
首次利用溶液插层共聚制备了二丙烯酰基乙二醇酯（EGDA）交联的聚丙烯酸盐/丙烯酰胺/膨润土（PAA/AM/MMT）杂化吸水材料。交联剂用量少，成本低，吸水性能好，耐盐性能优良。并利用FT-IR、XRD对产品进行表征研究，证明共聚大分子嵌入了膨润土层间。其吸收自来水为150~170g/g；吸收生理盐水为34~38g/g。
第三节 杂化吸水材料的生物活性实验室研究
利用前两节制备的杂化吸水材料进行了实验室生物活性试验。结果显示，选择合适比例的杂化吸水材料同土壤混合，可以增加土壤的蓄水能力和植物的抗旱能力。
第三章 插层共聚制备剥离型聚丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺/膨润土纳米杂化材料及其热性能研究
利用732阳离子交换树脂对膨润土进行钠化，二次插层对钠化膨润土进行处理，溶液共聚法制备了剥离型聚丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺/膨润土（PAA/AM/MMT）纳米杂化材料。利用FT-IR、XRD、DSC、TG-DTA对其进行了表征研究。证明为大量的大分子进入膨润土层间并使其剥离。DSC和TG-DTA显示杂化纳米材料的热性能有了很大的改善。
This article includes three parts:
Part Ⅰ：A review on research and development of preparation of Organic/Inorganic hybrids by intercalation
In this part, the history of intercalated polymerization was looked back. The types of intercalated materials, the structure of montmorillonite (the main intercalated material), and the rules of chose-intercalated agent were discussed. The ways of intercalation, the source of intercalated kinetic, the types and characters of polymer/montmorillonite hybrids were emphasized. The excellent properties of hybrids and their bright future were given.
Part Ⅱ：Studies on the intercalated polymerization and properties of polymer/montmorillonite water absorbent hybrids
This part includes three subsections.
Section one: Preparation of polyacrylic acid/ montmorillonite (PAA/MMT) water absorbent hybrids by aqueous solution intercalated polymerization
As montmorillonite is easily dispersed in water uniformly, the polyacrylic acid/montmorillonite (PAA/MMT) was prepared by simple aqueous solution intercalated polymerization. These hybrids were cross-linked by sugar or urea. They had high water absorption properties. These cheap, green and environment protecting water absorbent hybrids were characterized by IR and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that montmorillonite was intercalated by polyacrylic acid molecular.
Section two: Preparation of polyacrylic acid/acrylamide/montmorillonite (PAA/AM/MMT) water absorbent hybrid by aqueous solution intercalated polymerization
High water absorbent polyacrylate copolymer was prepared by aqueous solution intercalated copolymerization. In this reaction, the monomers were the partially neutralized acrylic acid (AA) and acryl amide (AM); the cross-linking agent was diacryl ethylene (EGDA). The water absorbent hybrid showed much better water absorption, salt resistance properties. The cheaper product obtained was determined by IR and XRD. The results showed that the polymers intercalated montmorillonites.
Section three: Study on the biological activity of the water absorbent hybrids
The experimental results of the water absorbent hybrids showed that they had excellent properties for absorbing water and holding water. Their biological activity has studied by the growth of wheat seeds. The results indicated that these hybrids could increase the storing water ability of the soil and the combating drought ability of the plant.
Part Ⅲ: Study on the intercalated copolymerization and properties of exfoliated polyacrylic acid / acryl amide / montmorillonite (PAA/AM/MMT) hybrid
Using cation exchange resin as cation source, the montmorillonite convert to sodium form by means of the cation exchange reaction of the montmorillonite and cation resin. The two-step intercalation method by using two different organic salts was sued in the modification of montmorillonie. Its effect was much better in preparing polyacrylic acid / acrylamide / montmorillonite (PAA/AM/MMT). The product obtained has characterized by IR, XRD, DSC and TG-DTA. The results showed that montmorillonite was exfoliated. DSC and TG-DTA showed that the thermal stability of copolymer has improved apparently after forming the exfoliated composite. As the molecular thermal action was restricted in the montmorillonite galley, the melting peak of the copolymer in intercalation compound was decreased.
第一章 插层聚合制备有机/无机杂化材料的研究进展（综述）
本章综述了插层聚合方法的历史，插层材料的种类及其主要材料——膨润土的结构以及插层剂的选择。详细阐述了插层方法及动力来源，聚合物/蒙脱石复合材料的类型和表征。总结了插层材料的优异性能，并对其未来发展给予展望。
第二章 插层聚合制备有机/无机杂化吸水材料及其性能研究
本章包括三小节。
第一节 溶液插层聚合制备聚丙烯酸盐/膨润土杂化吸水材料及其性能研究
由膨润土很容易分散于水中的特性，首次利用水溶液插层聚合法制备了蔗糖、尿素交联的聚丙烯酸盐/膨润土杂化吸水材料。利用正交设计优化了反应条件，降低了材料成本近30%。并利用红外(FT-IR)、X—射线衍射(XRD)对产品进行了表征，结果证明此材料为嵌入型插层复合物。其自来水的吸收率为110~120g/g，对生理盐水的吸收率为30~36g/g。
第二节 溶液插层共聚制备聚丙烯酸盐/丙烯酰胺/膨润土杂化吸水材料及其性能研究
首次利用溶液插层共聚制备了二丙烯酰基乙二醇酯（EGDA）交联的聚丙烯酸盐/丙烯酰胺/膨润土（PAA/AM/MMT）杂化吸水材料。交联剂用量少，成本低，吸水性能好，耐盐性能优良。并利用FT-IR、XRD对产品进行表征研究，证明共聚大分子嵌入了膨润土层间。其吸收自来水为150~170g/g；吸收生理盐水为34~38g/g。
第三节 杂化吸水材料的生物活性实验室研究
利用前两节制备的杂化吸水材料进行了实验室生物活性试验。结果显示，选择合适比例的杂化吸水材料同土壤混合，可以增加土壤的蓄水能力和植物的抗旱能力。
第三章 插层共聚制备剥离型聚丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺/膨润土纳米杂化材料及其热性能研究
利用732阳离子交换树脂对膨润土进行钠化，二次插层对钠化膨润土进行处理，溶液共聚法制备了剥离型聚丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺/膨润土（PAA/AM/MMT）纳米杂化材料。利用FT-IR、XRD、DSC、TG-DTA对其进行了表征研究。证明为大量的大分子进入膨润土层间并使其剥离。DSC和TG-DTA显示杂化纳米材料的热性能有了很大的改善。
This article includes three parts:
Part Ⅰ：A review on research and development of preparation of Organic/Inorganic hybrids by intercalation
In this part, the history of intercalated polymerization was looked back. The types of intercalated materials, the structure of montmorillonite (the main intercalated material), and the rules of chose-intercalated agent were discussed. The ways of intercalation, the source of intercalated kinetic, the types and characters of polymer/montmorillonite hybrids were emphasized. The excellent properties of hybrids and their bright future were given.
Part Ⅱ：Studies on the intercalated polymerization and properties of polymer/montmorillonite water absorbent hybrids
This part includes three subsections.
Section one: Preparation of polyacrylic acid/ montmorillonite (PAA/MMT) water absorbent hybrids by aqueous solution intercalated polymerization
As montmorillonite is easily dispersed in water uniformly, the polyacrylic acid/montmorillonite (PAA/MMT) was prepared by simple aqueous solution intercalated polymerization. These hybrids were cross-linked by sugar or urea. They had high water absorption properties. These cheap, green and environment protecting water absorbent hybrids were characterized by IR and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that montmorillonite was intercalated by polyacrylic acid molecular.
Section two: Preparation of polyacrylic acid/acrylamide/montmorillonite (PAA/AM/MMT) water absorbent hybrid by aqueous solution intercalated polymerization
High water absorbent polyacrylate copolymer was prepared by aqueous solution intercalated copolymerization. In this reaction, the monomers were the partially neutralized acrylic acid (AA) and acryl amide (AM); the cross-linking agent was diacryl ethylene (EGDA). The water absorbent hybrid showed much better water absorption, salt resistance properties. The cheaper product obtained was determined by IR and XRD. The results showed that the polymers intercalated montmorillonites.
The experimental results of the water absorbent hybrids showed that they had excellent properties for absorbing water and holding water. Their biological activity has studied by the growth of wheat seeds. The results indicated that these hybrids could increase the storing water ability of the soil and the combating drought ability of the plant.
Part Ⅲ: Study on the intercalated copolymerization and properties of exfoliated polyacrylic acid / acryl amide / montmorillonite (PAA/AM/MMT) hybrid
Using cation exchange resin as cation source, the montmorillonite convert to sodium form by means of the cation exchange reaction of the montmorillonite and cation resin. The two-step intercalation method by using two different organic salts was sued in the modification of montmorillonie. Its effect was much better in preparing polyacrylic acid / acrylamide / montmorillonite (PAA/AM/MMT). The product obtained has characterized by IR, XRD, DSC and TG-DTA. The results showed that montmorillonite was exfoliated. DSC and TG-DTA showed that the thermal stability of copolymer has improved apparently after forming the exfoliated composite. As the molecular thermal action was restricted in the montmorillonite galley, the melting peak of the copolymer in intercalation compound was decreased.
引文
1 Okada A, Kurauchi T, et al.Polym Prepr, 1997, 28: 447~449.
2 赵竹第, 欧玉春, 漆宗能, 王佛松, 全国高分子学术报告会论文集, 广州, 1995, 840~841.
3 刘立敏, 乔放, 朱晓光, 漆宗能, 高分子学报, 1998, 3: 304~310.
4 吴秋菊, 薛立坚, 漆宗能, 王佛松, 高分子学报, 1999, 5: 551~556.
5漆宗能, 纳米有机复合材料应用技术研讨会论文集, 北京: 1999,5~9.
6 宋国军, 舒文艺, 材料导报, 1996, 4: 57~61.
7 张立群, 孙朝辉, 王一中等, 橡胶工业, 1999, 46: 213~216.
8 余鼎声, 王一中, 高分子材料科学与工程, 1998, 14(3): 26~29.
9 Chen G H, Yao K D, Zhao J T, J Appl Polym Sci, 1999, 1(73): 425~430.
10 Chen G H, Yan W L, Yao K D. J Mater Sci lett, 1999, 18(21): 1761~1763.
11 陈国华, 李明春, 姚康德, 高分子材料科学与工程, 1999, 15(3): 9~13.
12 吕建坤, 柯毓才, 漆宗能, 益小苏, 高分子学报, 2000, 1: 85~89.
13 姜翠红, 张广利, 张鸿志等, 高分子学报, 1999, 6: 765~769.
14 张国耀, 易国祯, 吴立衡等, 高分于学报, 1999, 3: 309~314.
15 王立新, 张福强, 王新等, 河北工业大学学报, 1999, 28(1): 20~23.
16 Sikka M, Cerini L N, Ghosh S S, Winey K I.J Polym Sci, Part B, Polym Phy, 1996, 34: 1443~1449.
17 Akelah A, Moet A.J Mater Sci, 1996, 31: 3589~3596.
18 Lee D C, Lee W J.J Appl Polym Sci, 1996, 61: 1117~1122.
19 Vaia R A, Sauer B B, Tse O K, Giannelis E P.J Polym Sci, Part B, Polym Phy, 1997, 35: 59~67.
20 Ogata N, Kawakage S, Ogihara T. Polymer, 1997, 38: 5115~5118.
21 Koranmann X, Berglund L A, Sterte J, Giannelis E P.Polymer Enginnering and Science, 1998, 38(8): 1351~1358.
22 Kawasumi M, Okada A. Macromolecules, 1997, 30: 6333~6338.
23 Kato M, Usuki A, Okada A. J Appl Polym Sci, 1997, 66: 1781~1785.
24 Usuki A, Kojima Y, Okada A.J Mater Res, 1993, 8(5): 1179~1184.
25 Lee D C, Lee W J.J Appl Polym Sci, 1998, 68: 1997~2005.
26 Giannelis E P.WO 96168526.1996.
27 Shi H, Lan T, Pinnavaia T J.Chem Mater, 1996, 8: 1584~1587.
28 Tunney J J, Detellier C.Chem Mater, 1996, 8: 927~935.
29 Tamura K, Nakazawa H.Clays and Clay Minerals, 1996, 44(4): 501~506.
30 Matsuoc Y, Tahara K, Sugie Y.Carbon, 1997, 35(1): 113-120.
31 杨雅秀, 张乃娴等, 中国粘土矿物, 北京 地质出版社, 1994, 117.
32 Akelah A, Moet A. J Appl Polym Sci Polym Sym, 1994, 55: 153~172.
33乔放, 李强, 漆宗能, 王佛松, 高分子通报, 1997, 3: 135~143.
34 Usuki A，Kawasumi M，Kojima Y，Okada A.J Mater Res, 1993, 8(15): 1174~1178.
35 Friedlander H Z, Frink C R.J Polym Sci, 1964, B(2): 475~481.
36 Blumstein A.J Polym Sci, 1965, A(3): 2653~2662.
37 Blumstein R, Blumstein A, Parikh K K.Appl Polym Symp, 1974, 25: 81~93.
38 Sugahara Y,Satakaula S, Kuroda K. Clays and Clay Miner, 1988, 36: 343~349.
39 Greenland D J.J Colloid Sci, 1963, 18: 647~653.
40 Francis C W. Soil Sci, 1973, 115: 40.
41 Parfilt R L, Greenland D J. Clay Miner, 1970, 8: 305~311.
42 Schamp N, Huylebroeck J. J Polym Sci Symp, 1973, 43: 553~566.
43 Yano K, Usuki A, Okada A.J Polym Sci, Part A, Polym Chem, 1993, 31(2): 2493~2498.
44 Moet A S, Akelah A.Mater Lett, 1993, 18: 97~101.
45 Wang S, Long C, Wang X, Li Q, Qi Z. J Appl Polym Sci, 1998, 69: 1557~1561.
46 Vaia R A, Giannelis E P.Macromolecules, 1997, 30: 7990~7999.
47 Fukushirna Y.せォティト, 1991, 8(3): 1~6.
48 Vaia R A. Jandt K D. Kramer E J, Giannelis E P.Macromolecules, 1995, 28: 8080~8085.
49 王新宇, 漆宗能, 王佛松, 1998全国高分子材料工程应用研讨会论文集, 武夷山: 1998. 9.
50 臼杵有光, 罔本一夫, 罔田茜等, 高分子论文集, 1995, 52(11): 727.
51 Vaia R A, Giannelis E P. J Polym Sci, Part B, Poly Phys, 1997, 35: 59-67.
52 Aranda P, Ruiz-Hitzky E. Chem Mater,1992, 4: 1395-1399.
53 Enzel P, bein Y. Chem Mater, 1992(4): 819~826.
54 章永化, 龚克成, 高技术通讯, 1995: 5(7): 56~58.
55 Kyotani T, Sonobe N, Tomita A. Nature, 1988(331): 331.
56 醢山洋, 高分子加工, 1998, 47(1): 31~35.
57 朱利中等, 环境科学进展, 1998, 3: 53~61.
58 Kazuhisa Yono, Arimitsu Usuki, Akane Okane, Toshio Kurauchi, Osami kamigaito, Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 1993, 31: 2493~2498.
59 马毅杰， 土壤学进展, 1994, 22 (2): 21~28.
60于桂香, 张德金, 辽宁化工, 1994, 2: 23~26.
61 曾清华, 王栋知, 王淀佐, 化工进展, 1998, 2: 13~16.
62 曾辉, 王志海, 铸造, 1998, 9: 12~13.
63 陈光明, 李强, 漆宗能, 王佛松, 高分子通报, 1999, 1: 1~10.
64 Giannelis E P. Adv. Mater. , 1996, 8: 29.
65 陈光明, 李强等, 高分子通报, 1999, 4: 1~10.
66 吕建坤, 柯毓才, 漆宗能等, 高分子通报, 2000, 2: 18~26.
67 陈光明, 漆宗能, 高等学校化学学报, 1999, 20(12): 1987~1989.
68 王一中, 张立群, 余鼎声, 高等学校化学学报, 2000, 21(7): 1142~1145.
69 G. H. Chen. et al. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1999, 73(3): 425~430
70 王一中, 武保华, 余鼎声, 高等学校化学学报, 1999, 20(7): 1143~1147.
71 张径, 杨玉昆, 高分子学报, 2001, 1: 79~83.
72 王胜杰, 李强, 漆宗能 , 谢泽民, 王金亭, 高分子学报, 1998, 2: 149-153
73 王胜杰 , 李强, 王新宇, 漆宗能, 高分子学报, 1998, (2): 129~133.
74 王一中, 武保华, 余鼎声, 合成树脂及塑料, 2000, 17(2): 22.
75 陈光明, 李强, 漆宗能等, 高分子通报, 1999, (4): 1~10.
76 钟明强, 王亮梅, 益小苏, 合成树脂及塑料, 2000, 17(6): 37.
77 刘晓辉 , 范家起等, 高分子学报 , 2000, 5:563~567.
78 金小芳, 王平,易国祯等,高等学校化学学报, 2000, 21(5):801~804.
79 王一中, 武保华等, 北京化工大学学报, 2000, 27(2):25~28.
80 李哲灵, 蔡绪福, 张晟, 四川联合大学学报（工程科学版）, 1997, 1(14): 90~95.
81 陈光明, 沈德言, 陈士娟, 漆宗能, 高等学校化学学报, 2000, 21(4): 657~658.
82 Guohua Chen, Kangde Yao, Jingtai Zhao, J Appl Polym Sci, 1999, 73: 425~430.
83 何天白, 胡汉杰, 功能高分子与新技术, 化学工业出版社(北京), 2001, 220~231.
2 赵竹第, 欧玉春, 漆宗能, 王佛松, 全国高分子学术报告会论文集, 广州, 1995, 840~841.
3 刘立敏, 乔放, 朱晓光, 漆宗能, 高分子学报, 1998, 3: 304~310.
4 吴秋菊, 薛立坚, 漆宗能, 王佛松, 高分子学报, 1999, 5: 551~556.
5
6 宋国军, 舒文艺, 材料导报, 1996, 4: 57~61.
7 张立群, 孙朝辉, 王一中等, 橡胶工业, 1999, 46: 213~216.
8 余鼎声, 王一中, 高分子材料科学与工程, 1998, 14(3): 26~29.
9 Chen G H, Yao K D, Zhao J T, J Appl Polym Sci, 1999, 1(73): 425~430.
10 Chen G H, Yan W L, Yao K D. J Mater Sci lett, 1999, 18(21): 1761~1763.
11 陈国华, 李明春, 姚康德, 高分子材料科学与工程, 1999, 15(3): 9~13.
12 吕建坤, 柯毓才, 漆宗能, 益小苏, 高分子学报, 2000, 1: 85~89.
13 姜翠红, 张广利, 张鸿志等, 高分子学报, 1999, 6: 765~769.
14 张国耀, 易国祯, 吴立衡等, 高分于学报, 1999, 3: 309~314.
15 王立新, 张福强, 王新等, 河北工业大学学报, 1999, 28(1): 20~23.
16 Sikka M, Cerini L N, Ghosh S S, Winey K I.J Polym Sci, Part B, Polym Phy, 1996, 34: 1443~1449.
17 Akelah A, Moet A.J Mater Sci, 1996, 31: 3589~3596.
18 Lee D C, Lee W J.J Appl Polym Sci, 1996, 61: 1117~1122.
19 Vaia R A, Sauer B B, Tse O K, Giannelis E P.J Polym Sci, Part B, Polym Phy, 1997, 35: 59~67.
20 Ogata N, Kawakage S, Ogihara T. Polymer, 1997, 38: 5115~5118.
21 Koranmann X, Berglund L A, Sterte J, Giannelis E P.Polymer Enginnering and Science, 1998, 38(8): 1351~1358.
22 Kawasumi M, Okada A. Macromolecules, 1997, 30: 6333~6338.
23 Kato M, Usuki A, Okada A. J Appl Polym Sci, 1997, 66: 1781~1785.
24 Usuki A, Kojima Y, Okada A.J Mater Res, 1993, 8(5): 1179~1184.
25 Lee D C, Lee W J.J Appl Polym Sci, 1998, 68: 1997~2005.
26 Giannelis E P.WO 96168526.1996.
27 Shi H, Lan T, Pinnavaia T J.Chem Mater, 1996, 8: 1584~1587.
28 Tunney J J, Detellier C.Chem Mater, 1996, 8: 927~935.
29 Tamura K, Nakazawa H.Clays and Clay Minerals, 1996, 44(4): 501~506.
30 Matsuoc Y, Tahara K, Sugie Y.Carbon, 1997, 35(1): 113-120.
31 杨雅秀, 张乃娴等, 中国粘土矿物, 北京 地质出版社, 1994, 117.
32 Akelah A, Moet A. J Appl Polym Sci Polym Sym, 1994, 55: 153~172.
33
34 Usuki A，Kawasumi M，Kojima Y，Okada A.J Mater Res, 1993, 8(15): 1174~1178.
35 Friedlander H Z, Frink C R.J Polym Sci, 1964, B(2): 475~481.
36 Blumstein A.J Polym Sci, 1965, A(3): 2653~2662.
37 Blumstein R, Blumstein A, Parikh K K.Appl Polym Symp, 1974, 25: 81~93.
38 Sugahara Y,Satakaula S, Kuroda K. Clays and Clay Miner, 1988, 36: 343~349.
39 Greenland D J.J Colloid Sci, 1963, 18: 647~653.
40 Francis C W. Soil Sci, 1973, 115: 40.
41 Parfilt R L, Greenland D J. Clay Miner, 1970, 8: 305~311.
42 Schamp N, Huylebroeck J. J Polym Sci Symp, 1973, 43: 553~566.
43 Yano K, Usuki A, Okada A.J Polym Sci, Part A, Polym Chem, 1993, 31(2): 2493~2498.
44 Moet A S, Akelah A.Mater Lett, 1993, 18: 97~101.
45 Wang S, Long C, Wang X, Li Q, Qi Z. J Appl Polym Sci, 1998, 69: 1557~1561.
46 Vaia R A, Giannelis E P.Macromolecules, 1997, 30: 7990~7999.
47 Fukushirna Y.せォティト, 1991, 8(3): 1~6.
48 Vaia R A. Jandt K D. Kramer E J, Giannelis E P.Macromolecules, 1995, 28: 8080~8085.
49 王新宇, 漆宗能, 王佛松, 1998全国高分子材料工程应用研讨会论文集, 武夷山: 1998. 9.
50 臼杵有光, 罔本一夫, 罔田茜等, 高分子论文集, 1995, 52(11): 727.
51 Vaia R A, Giannelis E P. J Polym Sci, Part B, Poly Phys, 1997, 35: 59-67.
52 Aranda P, Ruiz-Hitzky E. Chem Mater,1992, 4: 1395-1399.
53 Enzel P, bein Y. Chem Mater, 1992(4): 819~826.
54 章永化, 龚克成, 高技术通讯, 1995: 5(7): 56~58.
55 Kyotani T, Sonobe N, Tomita A. Nature, 1988(331): 331.
56 醢山洋, 高分子加工, 1998, 47(1): 31~35.
57 朱利中等, 环境科学进展, 1998, 3: 53~61.
58 Kazuhisa Yono, Arimitsu Usuki, Akane Okane, Toshio Kurauchi, Osami kamigaito, Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 1993, 31: 2493~2498.
59 马毅杰， 土壤学进展, 1994, 22 (2): 21~28.
60
61 曾清华, 王栋知, 王淀佐, 化工进展, 1998, 2: 13~16.
62 曾辉, 王志海, 铸造, 1998, 9: 12~13.
63 陈光明, 李强, 漆宗能, 王佛松, 高分子通报, 1999, 1: 1~10.
64 Giannelis E P. Adv. Mater. , 1996, 8: 29.
65 陈光明, 李强等, 高分子通报, 1999, 4: 1~10.
66 吕建坤, 柯毓才, 漆宗能等, 高分子通报, 2000, 2: 18~26.
67 陈光明, 漆宗能, 高等学校化学学报, 1999, 20(12): 1987~1989.
68 王一中, 张立群, 余鼎声, 高等学校化学学报, 2000, 21(7): 1142~1145.
69 G. H. Chen. et al. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1999, 73(3): 425~430
70 王一中, 武保华, 余鼎声, 高等学校化学学报, 1999, 20(7): 1143~1147.
71 张径, 杨玉昆, 高分子学报, 2001, 1: 79~83.
72 王胜杰, 李强, 漆宗能 , 谢泽民, 王金亭, 高分子学报, 1998, 2: 149-153
73 王胜杰 , 李强, 王新宇, 漆宗能, 高分子学报, 1998, (2): 129~133.
74 王一中, 武保华, 余鼎声, 合成树脂及塑料, 2000, 17(2): 22.
75 陈光明, 李强, 漆宗能等, 高分子通报, 1999, (4): 1~10.
76 钟明强, 王亮梅, 益小苏, 合成树脂及塑料, 2000, 17(6): 37.
77 刘晓辉 , 范家起等, 高分子学报 , 2000, 5:563~567.
78 金小芳, 王平,易国祯等,高等学校化学学报, 2000, 21(5):801~804.
79 王一中, 武保华等, 北京化工大学学报, 2000, 27(2):25~28.
80 李哲灵, 蔡绪福, 张晟, 四川联合大学学报（工程科学版）, 1997, 1(14): 90~95.
81 陈光明, 沈德言, 陈士娟, 漆宗能, 高等学校化学学报, 2000, 21(4): 657~658.
82 Guohua Chen, Kangde Yao, Jingtai Zhao, J Appl Polym Sci, 1999, 73: 425~430.
83 何天白, 胡汉杰, 功能高分子与新技术, 化学工业出版社(北京), 2001, 220~231.