高层住宅外保温的构造技术研究
|
摘要
外墙外保温技术具有热工性能好、能基本消除热桥影响、明显改善室内居住环境、保护主体结构、延长建筑物使用寿命、不占用房屋的使用面积以及更适合旧建筑节能改造等优点,是一种性能优越的节能构造方式。外墙外保温正在成为我国一项重要的建筑节能技术,是中国建筑节能的主要发展方向之一。然而,国内外对外墙外保温各项性能的研究呈两极分化,热工研究人员集中攻关于热工方面,施工技术人员则只进行施工技术研究。对于从施工及热工结合角度的系统性研究,国内尚无先例。本文结合国内应用最为广泛的外墙外保温形式——薄抹灰外墙外保温体系,对外墙外保温系统从施工和热工角度进行研究。
主要研究内容及成果概括如下:
1.通过研究国内外的外保温构造做法,提出在施工中容易出现的问题,分析其原因并提出解决办法。证明采用合适的施工方案、适合的构造方案外保温裂缝是可以避免的。
2.以寒冷地区西安市为例,通过分析条文式节能设计和性能化节能设计区别,进行经济性分析,提出最经济的建筑节能设计方案,即通过加强外墙及屋顶保温层厚度,降低对外窗的隔热性能要求(即可降低投资),也同样可以达到西安市的65%节能标准。
3.通过对西安市某些外墙外保温瓷砖饰面的工程做法、构造研究,分析其平行和垂直墙面方向的受力特征,最终提出适宜西安地区的瓷砖饰面外墙外保温系统。
4.对一幢高层住宅进行外墙外保温实验研究,验证外墙外保温在剧烈变化的室外环境中对饰面层的特殊要求及采用外墙外保温技术对室内热环境的影响。
5.通过研究锚栓的受力方式,分析其在不同外墙外保温系统中所起作用,提出不同的外墙外保温系统选择不同的锚栓。
Exterior insulation technology has many advantages.Such as better thermal technology and basically eliminate the thermal bridge,and improve indoors living environment,and product the main structure of the building to extend its life,and non-occupied housing,as well as more suitable for old buliding to energy-saving.Itis a superior structures technology of energy-saving.
In this paper,thermal insulation composite wall outside the study,in summarizing the research results have been analyzed on the basis of field research,to examples of problems to do a specific analysis,try to propose solutions.The main research contents and results summarized as follows:
1.In detail both at home and abroad introduce the main structure of the exterior insulation and propose the construction of their problems easily.
Introduction to Xi'an as an example the cold outside the area of economic analysis of energy-saving insulation,the highest in the region of Xi'an program cost-effective energy conservation.
2.Take cold local Xi'an as the example,the most economical construction energy conservation design proposal has been proposed on the basis of energy ansysis,that is to achieve Xi'an's 65%energy standard by the way of strengthening the outer wall and roof heat insulating layer thickness and reducing the foreign window the heat insulation performance requirement(that is to reduce investment).
3.Exterior insulation system of ceramic tile suitable for Xi'an area has been proposed on the basis of the research on project procedure and structure of ceramic tile exterior insulation system and the ansysis of stress characteristic of ceramic tile on the level and vertical.
4.The experimental research about exterior insulation for a pair of high-level housing confirms that the request to exterior insulation in the fierce change environment and the influence to the room internal heat environment.
5.Through studies fang bolt's stress way and analyzes the effect of it to exterior insulation system,this paper proposed that different exterior insulation system should chouse different fang bolt.
主要研究内容及成果概括如下:
1.通过研究国内外的外保温构造做法,提出在施工中容易出现的问题,分析其原因并提出解决办法。证明采用合适的施工方案、适合的构造方案外保温裂缝是可以避免的。
2.以寒冷地区西安市为例,通过分析条文式节能设计和性能化节能设计区别,进行经济性分析,提出最经济的建筑节能设计方案,即通过加强外墙及屋顶保温层厚度,降低对外窗的隔热性能要求(即可降低投资),也同样可以达到西安市的65%节能标准。
3.通过对西安市某些外墙外保温瓷砖饰面的工程做法、构造研究,分析其平行和垂直墙面方向的受力特征,最终提出适宜西安地区的瓷砖饰面外墙外保温系统。
4.对一幢高层住宅进行外墙外保温实验研究,验证外墙外保温在剧烈变化的室外环境中对饰面层的特殊要求及采用外墙外保温技术对室内热环境的影响。
5.通过研究锚栓的受力方式,分析其在不同外墙外保温系统中所起作用,提出不同的外墙外保温系统选择不同的锚栓。
Exterior insulation technology has many advantages.Such as better thermal technology and basically eliminate the thermal bridge,and improve indoors living environment,and product the main structure of the building to extend its life,and non-occupied housing,as well as more suitable for old buliding to energy-saving.Itis a superior structures technology of energy-saving.
In this paper,thermal insulation composite wall outside the study,in summarizing the research results have been analyzed on the basis of field research,to examples of problems to do a specific analysis,try to propose solutions.The main research contents and results summarized as follows:
1.In detail both at home and abroad introduce the main structure of the exterior insulation and propose the construction of their problems easily.
Introduction to Xi'an as an example the cold outside the area of economic analysis of energy-saving insulation,the highest in the region of Xi'an program cost-effective energy conservation.
2.Take cold local Xi'an as the example,the most economical construction energy conservation design proposal has been proposed on the basis of energy ansysis,that is to achieve Xi'an's 65%energy standard by the way of strengthening the outer wall and roof heat insulating layer thickness and reducing the foreign window the heat insulation performance requirement(that is to reduce investment).
3.Exterior insulation system of ceramic tile suitable for Xi'an area has been proposed on the basis of the research on project procedure and structure of ceramic tile exterior insulation system and the ansysis of stress characteristic of ceramic tile on the level and vertical.
4.The experimental research about exterior insulation for a pair of high-level housing confirms that the request to exterior insulation in the fierce change environment and the influence to the room internal heat environment.
5.Through studies fang bolt's stress way and analyzes the effect of it to exterior insulation system,this paper proposed that different exterior insulation system should chouse different fang bolt.
引文
[1]张凤华,李显峥.外墙外保温技术在建筑节能应用中存在的一些问题[J].砖瓦,2008,4:60-61.
[2]李娟,隋同波,周春英.中德外墙外保温体系的发展及对比[J].新型建筑料,2008,4:62-65
[3]张碧茹.外墙外保温体系使用锚栓的问题[J].上海节能,2005,(4):30-35.
[4]王建瑚.护结构内部受潮分析及保温层湿度的推算[J].西安冶金建筑工程学院学报,1986,18(1):34-37.
[5]王甲春,阎培渝.外墙外保温技术在北京地区的应用实验与分析[J].建筑科学,2005,21(1):24-26.
[6]曹力强,郭向勇,艾明星.金属龙骨在喷涂聚氨酯硬泡外墙外保温系统中的热桥效应研究[J].建设科技,2008,8:74-78.
[7]宋长友,季广其,陈丹林等.外墙外保温系统的防火安全性分析[J].建筑科学,2008,24(2):8-11.
[8]Bear J.Dynamics of fluids jn porous media,Dover publications,lnc.New York,1988.
[9]Lewis W.R,The rate of during a solid material,lnd Eng.Chem,13,1921.
[10]Philip J R,De Vies D A.Moisture movement in porous material under temperature.
[11]Marion D.E.Hiller.TRNSHD——a program for shading and insolation calculations.Building and Environment.2000,35:633-644.
[12]P.Pfrommer.Solar radiation transport through slat-type blinds:a new model and ifs application for thermal simulation Of bulidings.Solar Energy.1 996,2:77-91.
[13]Tilmanne.Kuhn.Evaluation of overheating protection with sun-shading systems.Solar Energy.2000,64:59-74.
[14]Lu Xiaoshu.Estimation of indoor moisture generation rate from measurement in building[J].Building and Environment,2003,38(5):665-675.
[1]王智伟,杨振耀主编.建筑环境与设备工程试验及测试技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[2]建设部标准定额研究所编.建筑外墙外保温技术导则[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[3]工程建设百问丛书.外墙外保温技术百问(第二版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[4]韩喜林编著.新型建筑绝热保温材料应用设计施工[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2005.
[5]费学宁,贾堤,池勇志主编.功能性建筑涂料的工艺与应用[M].北京:建筑工业出版社,2004.
[6]张德信主编.建筑保温隔热材料[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[7]王智伟,杨振耀主编.建筑环境与设备工程实验及测试技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[8]林其标,林燕,赵维稚.住宅人居环境设计[M].武汉:华南理工大学出版社,2000:216-224
[1]JGJ 144-2004.外墙外保温工程技术规程[s].北京:北京标准出版社,2004.
[2]G149-2003.膨胀聚苯板薄抹灰外墙外保温系统[s].北京:北京标准出版社,2003.
[3]JG158-2004.胶粉聚苯颗粒外墙外保温系统[S].北京:北京标准出版社,2004.
[4]JGJ 126-2000.外墙饰面砖工程施工及验收规程[S].北京:北京标准出版社,2000.
[5]DBJ61.44-2007.两安市居住建筑节能没计标准[s].西安市地方标准,2007.
[6]中国人民共和国建设部.民用建筑热工设计规范[s].中国计划出版社,1993.
[7]GB/T10801.1-2002.模塑用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板[S].北京:北京标准出版社,2002.
[8]GB/T10801.2-2002.挤塑用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板[S].北京:北京标准出版社,2002
[9]QB/T3806-1999.聚氨酯泡沫塑料[S].北京:北京标准出版社.1999.
[1]田斌守.建筑围护结构传热系数现场检测方法研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2006.
[2]武海坤.钢丝网架聚苯板外保温体系上瓷砖饰面粘结强度的研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2004.
[1]孙晶一.高校学报编辑工作现代化特征[C]//中国高等学校自然科学学报研究会.科技编辑学论文集(2).北京:北京师范人学出版社,1998:10-22.
[2]李娟,隋同波,周春英.中德外墙外保温体系的发展及对比[J].新型建筑料,2008,4:62-65
[3]张碧茹.外墙外保温体系使用锚栓的问题[J].上海节能,2005,(4):30-35.
[4]王建瑚.护结构内部受潮分析及保温层湿度的推算[J].西安冶金建筑工程学院学报,1986,18(1):34-37.
[5]王甲春,阎培渝.外墙外保温技术在北京地区的应用实验与分析[J].建筑科学,2005,21(1):24-26.
[6]曹力强,郭向勇,艾明星.金属龙骨在喷涂聚氨酯硬泡外墙外保温系统中的热桥效应研究[J].建设科技,2008,8:74-78.
[7]宋长友,季广其,陈丹林等.外墙外保温系统的防火安全性分析[J].建筑科学,2008,24(2):8-11.
[8]Bear J.Dynamics of fluids jn porous media,Dover publications,lnc.New York,1988.
[9]Lewis W.R,The rate of during a solid material,lnd Eng.Chem,13,1921.
[10]Philip J R,De Vies D A.Moisture movement in porous material under temperature.
[11]Marion D.E.Hiller.TRNSHD——a program for shading and insolation calculations.Building and Environment.2000,35:633-644.
[12]P.Pfrommer.Solar radiation transport through slat-type blinds:a new model and ifs application for thermal simulation Of bulidings.Solar Energy.1 996,2:77-91.
[13]Tilmanne.Kuhn.Evaluation of overheating protection with sun-shading systems.Solar Energy.2000,64:59-74.
[14]Lu Xiaoshu.Estimation of indoor moisture generation rate from measurement in building[J].Building and Environment,2003,38(5):665-675.
[1]王智伟,杨振耀主编.建筑环境与设备工程试验及测试技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[2]建设部标准定额研究所编.建筑外墙外保温技术导则[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[3]工程建设百问丛书.外墙外保温技术百问(第二版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[4]韩喜林编著.新型建筑绝热保温材料应用设计施工[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2005.
[5]费学宁,贾堤,池勇志主编.功能性建筑涂料的工艺与应用[M].北京:建筑工业出版社,2004.
[6]张德信主编.建筑保温隔热材料[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[7]王智伟,杨振耀主编.建筑环境与设备工程实验及测试技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[8]林其标,林燕,赵维稚.住宅人居环境设计[M].武汉:华南理工大学出版社,2000:216-224
[1]JGJ 144-2004.外墙外保温工程技术规程[s].北京:北京标准出版社,2004.
[2]G149-2003.膨胀聚苯板薄抹灰外墙外保温系统[s].北京:北京标准出版社,2003.
[3]JG158-2004.胶粉聚苯颗粒外墙外保温系统[S].北京:北京标准出版社,2004.
[4]JGJ 126-2000.外墙饰面砖工程施工及验收规程[S].北京:北京标准出版社,2000.
[5]DBJ61.44-2007.两安市居住建筑节能没计标准[s].西安市地方标准,2007.
[6]中国人民共和国建设部.民用建筑热工设计规范[s].中国计划出版社,1993.
[7]GB/T10801.1-2002.模塑用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板[S].北京:北京标准出版社,2002.
[8]GB/T10801.2-2002.挤塑用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板[S].北京:北京标准出版社,2002
[9]QB/T3806-1999.聚氨酯泡沫塑料[S].北京:北京标准出版社.1999.
[1]田斌守.建筑围护结构传热系数现场检测方法研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2006.
[2]武海坤.钢丝网架聚苯板外保温体系上瓷砖饰面粘结强度的研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2004.
[1]孙晶一.高校学报编辑工作现代化特征[C]//中国高等学校自然科学学报研究会.科技编辑学论文集(2).北京:北京师范人学出版社,1998:10-22.